共焦点的两条焦半径垂直的一个充要条件

在椭圆和双曲线中,关于共焦点P的两条焦半径｜PF1｜与｜PF2｜垂直的充分必要条件是中学数学研究的热点,而对于共焦点F的两条焦半径｜FA｜与｜FB｜垂直的研究并不多见,为此,笔者对它作了一点研究,得到了如下一个性质．     

故障超立方体中经过指定路的无故障圈

研究了在含有故障点和（或）故障边的n维超立方体Qn中经过给定路的无故障圈问题,得到以下结果：设Fv V（Qn）,Fe E（Qn）.若｜Fv｜＋｜Fe｜≤n-h且3≤h≤n,或｜Fv｜＋｜Fe｜≤n-3且h=2,则在Qn-Fv-Fe中,每一条长度等于h的路P都包含在每个偶长度从2h＋2到2^n-2｜Fv｜的圈中.并且若又有条件｜Fv｜＋｜Fe｜〈h-1时,则路P还包含在长度等于2h的无故障的圈中.     

｜a b｜≤｜a｜ ｜b｜取舍等号的条件应用

我们知道不等式｜ａ＋ｂ｜≤｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜是高中代数下册中２５页的一个定理,它在解有关绝对值问题中有着重要的应用．我们现对这个不等式取舍等号的条件进行分析,不难得到两条重要的推论：１．｜ａ＋ｂ｜＝｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜ａｂ≥０;２．｜ａ＋ｂ｜＜｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜ａｂ＜０．这两个基本的互逆关系,显示了数学协调美的内力,充分体现了数学问题的相互转化的作用,标志着它们必有优美的应用．下面举例说明．例１　（上海市１９８４年中学数学竞赛题）方程｜２ｘ－１｜＋｜ｘ－２｜＝｜ｘ＋１｜的实数解为．解　原方程可化为｜２ｘ－…     

一个不等式的证明及应用

作为｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜≥｜ａ＋ｂ｜的应用,不等式｜ａ｜１＋｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜１＋｜ｂ｜≥｜ａ＋ｂ｜１＋｜ａ＋ｂ｜的证明是大家熟知的;事实上,它可推广成：｜ａ｜１＋｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜１＋｜ｂ｜＋｜ｃ｜１＋｜ｃ｜≥｜ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ｜１＋｜ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ｜;利用ｆ（ｘ）＝ｘ１＋ｘ在（０,＋∞）上是增函数及｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜≥｜ａ＋ｂ｜不难给其证明,从略;通过类比,有以下重要结论：定理　若｜ａ｜＜１,｜ｂ｜＜１,｜ｃ｜＜１,则（１）｜ａ｜１－｜ａ｜＋｜ｂ｜１－｜ｂ｜＋｜ｃ｜１－｜ｃ｜≥｜ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ｜１－１３｜ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ｜;若｜…     

一堂解题教学课的实录与启发

在学习了｜a｜-｜b｜≤｜a±b｜≤｜a｜+ ｜b｜之后 ,我精心设计了一堂解题教学课 .在师生的互动活动中 ,教学过程一波三折 ,效果出人意料 ,使我深受启发 .现在对本次课记录如下 ,与大家共享 .出示例题 :求函数f(x) =｜x + 1 ｜-｜x- 2 ｜的最小值经过思考后 ,一位同学提出如下解法 :因为 ｜x+ 1｜≥｜x｜- 1 ①-｜x- 2 ｜≥- ｜x｜- 2 ②所以① +②有 :｜x+ 1｜- ｜x- 2｜≥ 3 ③即　f(x) min =- 3教师评议 :解题思路清楚 .唯一不足的是 :需要指出取“=”的条件 .要使f(x)最小值存在 ,必须③中取得“=” ;③中取得“ =” ,需要①②中“=”…     

具临界Sobolev-Hardy指数的半线性椭圆方程的非平凡解

本文研究了如下问题：-div（｜x｜β△u）=｜x｜^a｜u｜^2（α,β）-2u＋λ｜x｜σ｜u｜^q-2,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈δΩ,这里Ω∪→R^N是有界光滑区域且0∈Ω，2（α，β）=2（N＋α）/N＋β-2，运用Sobolev-Hardy不等式和山路几何，证明了在一定的条件下方程至少存在一个非平凡解。     

构造向量求无理函数最值

在学习向量的过程中,有如下两个结论： a·b≤｜a·b｜≤｜a｜·｜b｜; ｜a｜-｜b｜≤｜a＋b｜≤｜a｜＋｜b｜。 本文旨在通过一些例子说明,有针对性地、恰当地构造向量,运用上述结论,能简明快捷地探求四类无理函数的最值．     

A Note to the Cauchy Problem for the Degenerate Parabolic Equations with Strongly Nonlinear Sources

In this note we study the nonexistence of nontrivial global solutions on S = R^N × （0,∞） for the following inequalities：｜u｜t≥△（｜u｜^m-1u）＋｜u｜^q and ｜u｜t≥div（｜△u｜^p-2△｜u｜）＋｜u｜^q.When m,p,q satisfy some given conditions, the nonexistence of nontrivial global solution is proved, without taking their traces on the hyperplans t = 0 into account.     

找回遗漏的解

题目1已知函数f（x）=｜x＋1｜＋｜x＋2｜＋…＋｜x＋2011｜＋｜x-1｜＋｜x-2｜＋…＋｜x-2011｜（x∈R）,且f（a^2-3a＋2）=f（a-1）,则满足条件的所有整数a的和是_____．     

例谈单位向量的一张亮丽“名片”

《苏教版》必修四P64有这样一道习题：已知非零向量a,求向量1/（｜a｜）a的模.此题解决应该不难,可以很快求得｜1/（｜a｜）a｜=｜1/（｜a｜）｜·｜a｜=1,根据定义,发现1/（｜a｜）a其实是一个单位向量,而且由于音〉0,实际上1/（｜a｜）a表示的是与a同向的单位向量,     

An Improved Hybrid Method for Inverse Obstacle Scattering Problems

An improved hybrid method is introduced in this paper as a numerical method to reconstruct the scatterer by far-field pattern for just one incident direction with unknown physical properties of the scatterer. The improved hybrid method inherits the idea of the hybrid method by Kress and Serranho which is a combination of Newton and decomposition method, and it improves the hybrid method by introducing a general boundary condition. The numerical experiments show the feasibility of this method.     

Numerical solution of fourth-order time-fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients

In this paper, a numerical method for fourth-order time-fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients is proposed. Our method consists of Laplace transform, the homotopy perturbation method and Stehfest's numerical inversion algorithm. We show the validity and efficiency of the proposed method (so called LHPM) by applying it to some examples and comparing the results obtained by this method with the ones found by Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and He's variational iteration method (HVIM).     

Linearized perturbation method for stochastic analysis of a rill erosion model

The linearization and correction method (LCM) proposed by He is a simple and effective perturbation technique to solve nonlinear equations. To analyze the random properties of rill erosion model, a new stochastic perturbation technique called linearized perturbation method is developed by combining the traditional stochastic perturbation method with the LCM. Comparisons between the numerical results obtained by the linearized perturbation method and those obtained by Monte Carlo method indicated an excellent agreement. However, the calculation efficiency of the linearized perturbation method is higher.     

Rational Krylov for Nonlinear Eigenproblems,an Iterative Projection Method

In recent papers Ruhe suggested a rational Krylov method for nonlinear eigenproblems knitting together a secant method for linearizing the nonlinear problem and the Krylov method for the linearized problem. In this note we point out that the method can be understood as an iterative projection method. Similarly to the Arnoldi method the search space is expanded by the direction from residual inverse iteration. Numerical methods demonstrate that the rational Krylov method can be accelerated considerably by replacing an inner iteration by an explicit solver of projected problems.     

Extended LQP Method for Monotone Nonlinear Complementarity Problems

To solve nonlinear complementarity problems (NCP), the logarithmic-quadratic proximal (LQP) method solves a system of nonlinear equations at each iteration. In this paper, the iterates generated by the original LQP method are extended by explicit formulas and thus an extended LQP method is presented. It is proved theoretically that the lower bound of the progress obtained by the extended LQP method is greater than that by the original LQP method. Preliminary numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical assertions and the effectiveness of both the original and the extended LQP method.     

二维非均匀水沙模型的多步特征-混合元数值模拟

通过对方程的对流部分采用沿着特征线方向向后两步差分格式进行离散,而对扩散部分采用混合有限元格式进行离散,从而利用多步特征-混合有限元方法对平面非均匀水沙模型进行了数值模拟,给出了相应的误差分析及数值算例.     

A hybrid inexact Logarithmic-Quadratic Proximal method for nonlinear complementarity problems

Inspired by the Logarithmic-Quadratic Proximal method [A. Auslender, M. Teboulle, S. Ben-Tiba, A logarithmic-quadratic proximal method for variational inequalities, Comput. Optim. Appl. 12 (1999) 31-40], we present a new prediction-correction method for solving the nonlinear complementarity problems. In our method, an intermediate point is produced by approximately solving a nonlinear equation system based on the Logarithmic-Quadratic Proximal method; and the new iterate is obtained by convex combination of the previous point and the one generated by the improved extragradient method at each iteration. The proposed method allows for constant relative errors and this yields a more practical Logarithmic-Quadratic Proximal type method. The global convergence is established under mild conditions. Preliminary numerical results indicate that the method is effective for large-scale nonlinear complementarity problems.     

On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization

We study the numerical performance of a limited memory quasi-Newton method for large scale optimization, which we call the L-BFGS method. We compare its performance with that of the method developed by Buckley and LeNir (1985), which combines cycles of BFGS steps and conjugate direction steps. Our numerical tests indicate that the L-BFGS method is faster than the method of Buckley and LeNir, and is better able to use additional storage to accelerate convergence. We show that the L-BFGS method can be greatly accelerated by means of a simple scaling. We then compare the L-BFGS method with the partitioned quasi-Newton method of Griewank and Toint (1982a). The results show that, for some problems, the partitioned quasi-Newton method is clearly superior to the L-BFGS method. However we find that for other problems the L-BFGS method is very competitive due to its low iteration cost. We also study the convergence properties of the L-BFGS method, and prove global convergence on uniformly convex problems.This work was supported by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-FG02-87ER25047, and by National Science Foundation Grant No. DCR-86-02071.     

广义变分原理在有限元半分析法中的应用

本文是在文献[1]中所指出的广义变分原理在合理处理有限元法的边限条件的应用价值还没有受到足够的重视这一思想启发下,应用广义变分原理,选用样条函数与正弦(或余弦)函数乘积型的级数形式再加上多项式,作为板壳的逼近函数,以薄板弯曲问题为例较好地解决了有限元半分析法中出现的耦联问题.由于其未知数个数比有限元法、有限条法均少很多,而精度更高,故为用微机解决一类工程问题,提供了一个有效的方法.     

用范式理论研究常微分方程焦点量问题*

利用范式与焦点量之间关系的一个定理并拓展了矩阵表示法,借助于计算机代数语言Mathe-matica的帮助,本文给出了一种计算常微分方程焦点量问题的新方法,利用这种方法可以计算常微分方程的任意阶焦点量,并通过一个算例验证了本文所提出的方法的正确性。这种方法的优点是简捷、方便、只进行简单的代数运算。