六角孔的夫琅禾费衍射场的实验演示

采用一维光栅叠加和傅里叶变换对二维矩形光栅构成的矩孔衍射屏进行了分析计算,给出了衍射场光强分布的解析解和数值模拟结果.将内部具有3个不同取向的光栅的六角孔衍射屏看作是由3个不同方向一维光栅的叠加,对构造出的衍射屏进行快速傅里叶变换,得到该衍射屏的夫琅禾费衍射场分布.结果表明,单个六角孔的衍射场仅在衍射场中心处有一亮斑,衍射光强在3个受限方向有展开,演示观察效果不明显;内部具有光栅结构的六角孔的衍射场能明显地反映出六角孔的形状和衍射光强在3个受限方向的展开,演示效果明显.     

对称分布的相位型互补衍射屏的夫琅禾费衍射

为了验证巴比涅原理在相位型互补衍射屏的应用,建立了相位型互补衍射屏的数学模型,由理论分析得出了二者复振幅透过率的表达式,与用傅里叶光学方法得出其在频谱面上光强分布的表达式相同.由计算机模拟得到抛物柱面相位型互补衍射屏的夫琅禾费衍射光强的分布规律,与理论分析一致,得出分布规律为偶函数的相位型互补衍射屏的衍射符合巴比涅原理.     

用衍射屏平移相因子计算夫琅禾费衍射场强分布

用Fresnel-Kirchhoff衍射积分求解夫琅禾费衍射场分布时引入衍射屏平移相因子,可简化对较复杂衍射屏夫琅禾费衍射的讨论,加深对衍射、干涉现象的理解．     

3类高斯光束的圆孔衍射特性

利用标量衍射理论,将空心高斯光束、贝塞尔高斯光束、平顶高斯光束3类高斯光束的圆孔衍射场进行傅里叶变换,并运用D-FFT算法对其圆孔衍射特性进行了数值计算,得到了衍射场中轴向和径向的光强分布特点,分析了光学参量对衍射结果的影响.分析结果表明:衍射特性与衍射距离、光束的阶数、圆孔束腰半径比等因素有关.     

夫琅禾费缝衍射的计算机模拟

在大学物理的教学中, 夫琅禾费衍射是波动光学的教学重点之一. 以夫琅禾费衍射的光学模型为基 础, 根据傅里叶光学理论给出夫琅禾费衍射光强分布的一般公式, 利用 MAT LA B软件对单缝、 双缝、 多缝以及十字 缝和＝ ‖字缝等缝衍射屏的夫琅禾费衍射进行模拟, 并对计算机模拟结果作出分析. 缝衍射实验的计算机模拟结果 显示快速且清晰, 衍射条纹分布符合衍射规律, 实现了对实际光波衍射的模拟     

基于DMD的光学衍射实验教学

研究各种形状衍射屏的衍射特性,有利于加强学生对光学衍射基本理论的理解.为此,开发了基于数字微镜阵列器件(Digital micromirror device, DMD)空间光调制器的新型光学衍射实验系统.采用DMD替代传统的加工衍射元件,用Paint, AutoCAD和Matlab等绘图软件生成单缝、多缝以及复杂形状的图形,并加载到DMD,以作为可擦写的数字化衍射屏.当准直激光均匀照射数字衍射屏并通过透镜,CMOS相机可在透镜后焦面实时观察各衍射屏的远场衍射图像,进而对夫琅禾费衍射特性进行观测和分析.该新型实验系统能够完成单缝、多缝衍射实验,并拓展至任意形状衍射屏的衍射实验.     

双半透镜干涉场的研究

基于波前分析和基尔霍夫衍射积分式,导出了在会聚球面波照射下圆孔或半圆孔菲涅耳衍射场沿轴的复振幅分布,特别关注其相位分布,给出了像点两侧对称点之间的相位差公式,结果表明过像点的相位变化是连续的.进而将这些结果应用于双半透镜装置,即梅斯林干涉实验,分别两种情况(即焦距相等而物距不等和物距相等而焦距不等)给出了分别由单个半透镜产生的两个衍射场之间的相位差公式和相应的干涉强度公式.结果表明,这两个衍射场沿轴的有效相位差未必是0,亦未必是π,还可能出现锯齿型的反复变化.本研究为正确地分析双半透镜产生的两个衍射场之间的干涉场提供了一个可靠的理论途径.     

平面波经小圆孔非傍轴衍射的轴上光强解析分析

用亥姆霍兹 基尔霍夫积分定理和基尔霍夫边界条件,推导出了平面波经小圆孔非傍轴衍射时轴上强度的简单解析表达式,研究了平面波经小圆孔后整个衍射空间非傍轴的轴上光强分布.给出了计算圆孔菲涅尔数的精确公式,重新检查了通常的菲涅尔数公式的有效性.数值计算显示,应用解析表达式所得的结果与应用衍射积分公式所得的结果完全一致.     

线性扫频影响超短光脉冲远域衍射场分布的理论分析

本文分析了具有线性扫频高斯型超短光脉冲衍射场的能量分布,教学计算结果显示了线性扫频对衍射场的影响.通过衍射分析可以获得光脉冲的信息.     

衍射条纹的图形显示

根据衍射光强相对分布 ,用计算机作图的方法显示了单缝和圆孔夫琅和费衍射条纹的图形。     

Geometry of random sequential adsorption

By sequentially adding line segments to a line or disks to a surface at random positions without overlaps, we obtain configurations of the one- and two-dimensional random sequential adsorption (RSA) problem. We have simulated the one- and two-dimensional problem with periodic boundary condition. The one-dimensional simulations are compared with the exact analytical solutions to give an estimate of the accuracy of the simulation. In two dimensions the geometrical properties of the RSA configuration are discussed and in addition known results of the RSA process are reproduced. Various statistical distributions of the Voronoi-Dirichlet (VD) network corresponding to the RSA disk configuration are analyzed. In order to characterize pores in the RSA configuration, we introduce circular holes. There is a direct correspondence between vertices of the VD network and these holes, and also between direct/indirect geometrical neighbors and these holes. The hole size distribution is found to be a parabola. We also find general relations that connect the asymptotic behavior of the surface coverage, the correlation function, and the hole size distribution.     

Holey optical fiber with circularly distributed holes analyzed by the radial effective-index method

We analyze a holey fiber that consists of a circular distribution of air holes by the radial effective-index method. By this method, we show that the holey fiber is a leaky structure and its extended single-mode operation is governed by the differential leakage loss between the first two modes of the fiber. The effects of the hole size and the hole separation on the leakage losses of the first two modes are calculated. The leakage loss of the fundamental mode of the fiber is found to be comparable to that of a conventional holey fiber that has a hexagonal distribution of air holes.     

Role of shape of hole in transmission and negative refractive index of sandwiched metamaterials

Transmission and negative refractive index （NRI） of metal-dielectric-metal （MDM） sandwiched metamaterial perfo- rated with four kinds of shapes of holes are numerically studied. Results indicate that positions of all transmission peaks of these kinds of holes are sensitive to the shape of the hole. Under the same conditions, the circular hole can obtain the maximum NRI and the rectangular hole can obtain the maximum frequency bandwidth of NRI. Moreover, the figure of merit （FOM） of the circular hole is the maximum too. As a result, we can obtain a higher NRI and FOM metamaterial by drilling circular hole arrays on MDM metamaterial.     

Magnetic shielding property for cylinder with circular,square, and equilateral triangle holes

The shielding property of cylinder with circular, square, and equilateral triangle holes was investigated by finite element analysis(FEA). The hole area(S_(hole)) plays an important role in magnetic circuit on the surface of cylinder. When Sholeis less than the critical area(S_H), cylinder with three shapes of holes obtained the same remanent magnetization inside,indicating that the shielding property is unaffected by the shape of the hole. Hence, high-permeability material is the major path of the magnetic field. On the condition of S_(hole) S_H, the sequence of the shielding property is equilateral triangle square circular, resulting from magnetoresistance of leakage flux in air dielectric. Besides, the anisotropy of shielding property caused by hole structural differences of the cylinder is evaluated. We find that a good shielding effectiveness is gained in the radial direction, compared with the axis direction. This research focuses on providing a theoretical support for the design of magnetic shield and improvement on the magnetic shielding ability.     

部份相干光照明的随机孔屏衍射特性

本文从部份相干理论出发，导出了随机孔屏的衍射强度期望分布及涨落方差表达式；对随机孔屏的衍射特性作了较深入的分析；讨论了光源的空间特性对衍射图形的影响；研究表明：衍射强度的光场分布不仅与孔和屏的几何特性有关，还与光源的形状和大小密切相关，文中还指出：在特定明情况下，形状一定的小孔无论在数目还是尺寸上发生随机变化，都不会改变衍射场的强度期望分布和涨落方差分布。     

半径随机的圆孔波纹锯齿光阑的衍射特性

研究了半径随角度的变化而随机变化的圆孔波纹锯齿光阑的衍射特性,提出并证明半径随机的圆孔纹波锯齿光阑能改善光束的近场分布和抑制光束中央部分的衍射调制。给出了衍射光轴上和横截面内光强分布的模拟计算结果,通过计算结果可以看出:通过半径随机圆孔波纹锯齿光阑后,衍射光横截面内填充因子比经过调幅型波纹锯齿光阑后的填充因子高,调制强度比经过调幅型波纹锯齿光阑低,并且半径随机锯齿光阑能在较大的空间范围内抑制轴上光强的衍射调制, 其可抑制的最远空间距离可达0.15 m。     

Detection and characterization of the spatial inhibition potential in electroperforated sheet materials

The spatial distribution of tiny holes in sheet materials generated by means of electrical discharges is investigated using spatial statistics techniques. It is shown that whereas the holes appear to be randomly distributed according to a Poisson point pattern, there is in fact a small region around each hole in which the generation of a new one is statistically inhibited as a consequence of the lower impedance path offered by the already made hole. The resulting pattern is known in spatial statistics as a point process with a soft-core inhibition potential, which can be characterized using the pair correlation function.     

Thermodynamics of noncommutative geometry inspired black holes based on Maxwell-Boltzmann smeared mass distribution

In order to further explore the effects of non-Gaussian smeared mass distribution on the thermodynamical properties of noncommutative black holes, we consider noncommutative black holes based on Maxwell-Boltzmann smeared mass distribution in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime. The thermodynamical properties of the black holes are investigated, including Hawking temperature, heat capacity, entropy and free energy. We find that multiple black holes with the same temperature do not exist, while there exists a possible decay of the noncommutative black hole based on Maxwell-Boltzmann smeared mass distribution into the rotating (commutative) BTZ black hole.     

Excitons and multi-exciton complexes bound to a two-dimensional hole layer at a silicon surface: the Kondo effect,the Coulomb blockade and a negative photoconductivity

The recombination radiation line of surface excitons and the recombination radiation line of multi-exciton complexes bound to a two-dimensional hole layer are observed in luminescence spectra of [100] silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor structures at low two-dimensional hole density. The circular polarization of these two lines in a transverse magnetic field is defined by the average electron spin. The hole spin contribution to the circular polarization is very small due to Kondo spin correlations of holes in the excitons and complexes and holes in the two-dimensional hole layer. The Coulomb blockade excludes a direct contribution of the complexes to a surface photoconductivity. Moreover, a significant negative photoconductivity of the two-dimensional holes is observed at high excitation levels, presumably as a result of the quantum scattering of the two-dimensional holes by the complexes. A shell model of surface multi-exciton complexes is introduced.     

大孔径会聚光束的圆孔和圆屏衍射及其反演变换

实验中发现,经常使用的大孔径会聚光束的圆孔和圆屏衍射图样不同于一般的菲涅耳圆孔和圆屏衍射图样.通过对这种光束进行的实验性研究发现,这是一种由球差引起的畸变了的会聚球面波光束.解释了衍射图样的形成,证明了这种光束的衍射图样中存在反演变换关系.利用这种光束可以对微小的衍射物体进行反演放大.