点焊接头疲劳寿命预测研究进展

概述点焊接头疲劳损伤理论与寿命预测方法的研究进展,分析点焊接头的疲劳强度影响因素和裂纹萌生扩展机理,对点焊接头疲劳寿命估算方法进行了对比,对寿命估算模型进行了评价,最后对点焊接头疲劳寿命预测研究的未来发展趋势提出了看法．     

Q345低周疲劳性能与疲劳寿命预测分析

本文对结构用钢Q345的低周疲劳性能进行了试验研究。试验在常温下岛津电液伺服疲劳试验机上进行,采用轴向应变控制方法,恒定应变速率为0.005s-1,应变比为-1。试验结果表明,初始阶段,Q345在高应变幅值(0.6%)循环作用下出现循环硬化效应,而在低应变幅值(0.6%)作用下出现循环软化效应;随着加载应变幅的增加,硬化和软化率呈直线上升趋势。Q345疲劳裂纹萌生阶段占其整个寿命的60%以上,其裂纹萌生寿命与应变幅存在幂函数关系。根据Coffin-Manson公式得到了Q345的应变-寿命关系公式;采用能量预测法得到了材料的塑性应变能与疲劳寿命的关系表达式。上述结果对钢结构的设计、评估具有重要的工程应用参考价值。     

焊接结构长寿命区疲劳累积损伤的概率模型

根据焊接结构在各种随机谱载荷下长寿命区疲劳试验的有关资料,对变幅载荷下焊接结构在长寿命区疲劳累积损伤的分布规律进行了统计分析,根据长寿命区疲劳高度离散性的特点,提出了一种变标准差的概率设计模型。     

纤维金属层极疲劳寿命预测的研究进展

简要介绍了纤维金属展板的起源、性能特点、应用现状与前景,对其疲劳损伤机理作了简要分析．对影响层板疲劳寿命的两个关键因素──桥接应力与分层扩展从理论分析与测量技术两方面结合自己的研究成果作了系统评析．详细分析了层板在等幅疲劳下寿命预测的研究现状．介绍了层板在变幅载荷下的疲劳行为（包括裂纹扩展与分层扩展）与寿命预测的研究进展,指出了目前预测模型的有待改进的建议．     

纤维金属层极疲劳寿命预测的研究进展

简要介绍了纤维金属展板的起源、性能特点、应用现状与前景,对其疲劳损伤机理作了简要分析．对影响层板疲劳寿命的两个关键因素──桥接应力与分层扩展从理论分析与测量技术两方面结合自己的研究成果作了系统评析．详细分析了层板在等幅疲劳下寿命预测的研究现状．介绍了层板在变幅载荷下的疲劳行为（包括裂纹扩展与分层扩展）与寿命预测的研究进展,指出了目前预测模型的有待改进的建议．      

基于能量法的多轴疲劳寿命预测方法

多轴疲劳寿命预测对于确保工程构件的安全性及经济性具有重要意义,其中损伤参量的选取对于预测结果的精度具有关键影响作用.Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT)能量参数是目前常用的损伤参量,但由于仅考虑了拉伸应变能对材料损伤的贡献,因此其常做出偏于危险的预测结果.针对此问题,Glinka及Chen-Xu-Huang (CXH)能量参数被相继提出.然而试验验证表明:Glinka参数通常仅适用于以剪切型失效为主要失效模式的材料,CXH参数则易给出过于保守的预测结果.为提高SWT参数对各种材料与加载路径的适用性,论文在评估Glinka及CXH参数的基础上,提出了两个修正的SWT能量参数,并建立起了一个统一的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型.针对不同的疲劳失效形式,所提出的能量参数不仅可考虑平均应力效应,且可同时包括临界面上不同加载方向对材料损伤的影响.通过六种材料的多轴疲劳试验数据对新模型、SWT模型、Glinka模型及CXH模型进行了验证,结果显示新模型比其他三种模型具有更好的寿命预测精度及稳定性.     

估算变幅疲劳寿命的等效折算法

介绍了估算变幅疲劳寿命的等效折算法。该法的主要思想是通过特定的等效寿命函数,依次将变幅疲劳中的各级循环次数均等效折算为某一循环下的已耗寿命,即将变幅疲劳转化为等幅疲劳,来估算其寿命。给出了两种形式的等效寿命函数,一种考虑了变幅疲劳的加载次序效应,另一种则适用于加载次序效应不强的随机性谱载。四种材料的实际评估结果显示,无论对于分级加载还是随机性谱载,该法的寿命预测精度均明显高于同类型的其它五种方法。该法仅依赖于等幅试验数据,不含任何待定参数,计算简单,适合于工程运用。     

疲劳过程中的能量耗散和疲劳寿命的预测

试验测量了A3钢和铝合金LY12CZ在疲劳过程中的耗散能密度与应力幅的关系和破坏时的临界累积耗散能密度。通过一系列不同加载频率和应力比的比较试验,结果表明耗散能密度与应力幅的关系和临界累积耗散能密度在不同加载频率下变化不大,但是受应力比的影响较大。本文还建立了临界累积耗散能密度疲劳寿命预测判据,并用此判据进行了带中心孔板条构件的疲劳寿命预测,取得了较好的结果（误差在25％以内）。这种方法对于构件局部的疲劳主要由一个方向应力控制的工程问题,使用简便有效。     

两级载荷下复合材料层板疲劳与寿命预测

研究了复合材料层板疲劳过程中的累积应变演化规律，建立了以累积应变为基础的非线性积累损伤法则，实验结果表明：文中提出的累积应变方法能够较好地反映加载次序效应，准确地预测了复合材料层板在两级载荷下的疲劳寿命。     

近年滚动接触疲劳的确定性研究寿命模型综述

概括了基于裂纹萌生的模型、基于裂纹扩展的模型、基于裂纹萌生和扩展的模型这三类确定性模型各自的特征及相应的计算模型;介绍了两个考虑材料微观结构的模拟方法;并对该研究方向中存在的理论建模、试验等方面的不足做了简要的总结。     

Numerical analysis of delamination growth for stiffened composite laminated plates

A study of postbuckling and delamination propagation behavior in delaminated stiffened composite plates was presented. A methodology was proposed for simulating the multi-failure responses, such as initial and postbuckling, delamination onset and propagation, etc. A finite element analysis was conducted on the basis of the Mindlin first order shear effect theory and the von-K6rm~n nonlinear deformation assumption. The total energy release rate used as the criteria of delamination growth was estimated with virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). A self-adaptive grid moving technology was adopted to model the delamination growth process. Moreover, the contact effect along delamination front was also considered during the numerical simulation process. By some numerical examples, the influence of distribution and location of stiffener, configuration and size of the delamination, boundary condition and contact effect upon the delamination growth behavior of the stiffened composite plates were investigated. The method and numerical conclusion provided should be of great value to engineers dealing with composite structures.     

复合材料T型接头冰雹高速撞击损伤的数值模拟

利用高速空气炮进行了冰雹撞击复合材料T型接头的实验,研究了不同撞击速度下结构的损伤情况。同时,采用光滑质点流体动力学方法与黏聚区模型相结合的方法,对冰雹撞击复合材料T型接头进行了数值模拟。通过与实验结果的对比,验证了数值模拟模型的有效性。在此基础上,利用数值模型研究了影响复合材料T型接头冰雹撞击损伤的各种因素。计算结果表明：冰雹撞击对复合材料T型接头造成的损伤主要为分层损伤;冰雹的撞击速度、尺寸、入射角等,都对T型接头的损伤程度有很大影响;T型接头的分层面积与冰雹的撞击能量之间呈近似线性关系,分层面积随着撞击能量的增大而增大;冰雹的入射角越大,分层面积与撞击力峰值也越大。

     

谐振载荷作用下工程结构振动疲劳寿命预估的损伤力学-有限元法

建立了预估谐振载荷作用下结构振动疲劳寿命的损伤力学-有限元方法。首先根据损伤热力学原理,构建了损伤演化方程,建立光滑试件在恒幅应变交变载荷作用下寿命预估方法;进一步由损伤力学守恒积分原理,得到恒幅重复载荷作用下应力与寿命的关系式;然后根据标准件疲劳试验结果,拟合得到损伤演化方程中的材质参数;最后利用APDL语言编程对ANSYS软件进行了二次开发,借助ANSYS软件对谐振载荷作用下结构振动疲劳裂纹萌生寿命进行预估。作为算例,本文利用该方法预估了LC9CgS1铝合金梁谐振载荷作用下疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。     

Stochastic boundary element method for reliability analysis of plate and beams composite structures

I.IntroductionTheengineeringstructuresareoftells,'1>:'rectcdtotheactionofthestochasticloadingthatvarieswiththetime,forexample,theengineeringstructuresactedonbytheearthquake,theoceanstructuresactedonbydynamicpressure,andthevehiclesofthetransportationinflue…     

随机复合材料结构非线性热-力耦合模拟的统计高阶多尺度方法

对于具有复杂随机细观构造的复合材料结构的非线性热-力耦合问题的随机多尺度建模和计算仍是一个具有挑战性的问题。本文发展了一个新的统计高阶多尺度方法,克服了随机多尺度问题直接模拟时巨大的计算量,实现了具有随机复合材料结构非线性热-力耦合问题的数值模拟。借助统计多尺度渐近分析和泰勒级数方法,本文严格推导了可以精确分析随机复合材料结构宏-细观尺度非线性热-力耦合响应的统计高阶多尺度计算模型。然后,通过局部误差分析证明了统计高阶多尺度计算模型中高阶校正项在保持计算模型局部能量和动量守恒的重要意义。进一步,建立了可以高效模拟随机复合材料结构非线性热-力耦合行为的具有离线和在线两阶段的时空多尺度算法。最后,通过数值实验验证了统计高阶多尺度方法的计算高效率和高精度。     

Composite mechanics and energy method based stiffness prediction model for composite leaf springs

Predicting the stiffness of composite leaf spring accurately is the key to improve vehicles' performance. In this paper, a stiffness prediction model which is based on composite mechanics and energy method is proposed. Influence of un-coincident between neutral layer and middle of the thickness of each rectangular cross-section is considered. Calculation based on finite element method, existing theoretical method and bench test are carried out. Compared with these results, the model proposed in this paper can predict stiffness accurately. Besides, influences parameters are analyzed. The proposed model has a certain guiding significance for the lightweight of vehicles.

Communicated by Corina Sandu.     

A method for fatigue analysis of metallic and composite materials under asymmetric high-cycle loading

A new method of plotting limit stress diagrams is set forth. The method is based on the hypothesis of unified limit diagram invariant to the number of cycles to failure. The unified diagram is given by a transcendental power function whose exponent is considered an additional material constant characterizing the sensitivity of the material to cycle asymmetry (stress ratio). The equations derived on the basis of this function encompass all forms of limit stress diagrams, including convex, nearly rectilinear, and concave ones. The method is tested for a wide range of metallic and composite materials subjected to asymmetric tension-compression, bending, and torsion.Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 106–116, November 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Revised damage evolution equation for high cycle fatigue life prediction of aluminum alloy LC4 under uniaxial loading

The fatigue life prediction for components is a difficult task since many factors can affect the final fatigue life. Based on the damage evolution equation of Lemaitre and Desmorat, a revised two-scale damage evolution equation for high cycle fatigue is presented according to the experimental data, in which factors such as the stress amplitude and mean stress are taken into account. Then, a method is proposed to obtain the material parameters of the revised equation from the present fatigue experimental data. Finally, with the utilization of the ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) on the ANSYS platform, the coupling effect between the fatigue damage of materials and the stress distribution in structures is taken into account, and the fatigue life of specimens is predicted. The outcome shows that the numerical prediction is in accord with the experimental results, indicating that the revised two-scale damage evolution model can be well applied for the high cycle fatigue life prediction under uniaxial loading.     

基于自然单元法的轴对称结构极限上限分析

自然单元法是一种以自然邻近插值为试函数的新兴无网格数值方法,其形函数的计算不涉及矩阵求逆,也不需要任何人为参数。为了充分发挥自然单元法的优势,本文基于极限分析上限定理建立了轴对称结构极限上限分析的整套求解算法。轴对称结构的位移场由自然邻近插值构造,并且采用罚函数法处理材料的不可压条件。为了消除目标函数非光滑所引起的数值困难,采用逐步识别刚性区和塑性区,并对两者用不同方法进行处理。数值算例结果表明,本文提出的轴对称结构极限上限分析方法是行之有效的。     

Study on failure process of delaminated stiffened composite plates under compression

Failure behavior of the delaminated stiffened composite plates under compression is studied by the finite element method, based on a Global-Local variational model. A virtual crack closure technique and a self-adaptive grid moving scheme are proposed to predict the delamination growth process. The contact effect along the delamination front is considered. The numerical results show that the influences of the distribution and location of the stiffeners, the configuration and size of the delamination, the boundary condition and the contact upon the failure behavior of the plates are significant. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59975014)