密度泛函理论研究边链对苯并菲电荷传输的影响

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上,根据电子转移的半经典模型对含有炔基的不同软链的苯并菲化合物分子的电荷传输性质进行研究。研究表明,所有目标化合物均有利于苯并菲的电荷传输。其中,直接在苯并菲刚性环上引入酰胺基（-CO-NH-）有利于提高正电荷的传输,而间隔基为酯基的单取代化合物的正负电荷传输性质均比较良好。在苯并菲上单取代的分子明显比其双取代、三取代的分子正电荷传输性质好。     

苯丙炔酸和苯丙烯酸酯苯并菲盘状液晶电荷传输的理论研究

电荷传输是有机材料的重要性质之一．根据电子转移的半经典模型对含苯丙炔酸和苯丙烯酸酯支链的苯并菲盘状液晶化合物分子的电荷传输性质进行理论研究．研究结果表明,所计算的三个苯并菲衍生物分子均具有高的电荷传输性能．标题化合物分子的负电荷传输速率均比苯并菲大,含苯丙烯酸酯链的苯并菲分子比含苯丙炔酸酯链的苯并菲分子具有较大的空穴传输速率及较小的负电荷传输速率．对于含苯丙烯酸酯链的苯并菲分子,链烷氧基越长,正电荷传输速率越大,负电荷传输速率越小．     

含酯基和酰胺基支链的苯并菲液晶电荷传输性质的量子化学研究

根据Marcus半经典模型,计算了支链中含酰胺基和含酯基的苯并菲盘状液晶化合物C18H6(OC2H5)3(OCH2CONHCH3)3和C18H6(OC2H5)3(OCH2COOCH3)3的电荷转移反应的速率常数。这两种化合物的支链都可以对称性分布,也可以非对称性分布。计算表明,支链排列的对称性对电荷转移矩阵元和电荷传输速率常数的影响很大,非对称性分子的正电荷传输速率常数和负电荷传输速率常数均大于对称性分子。所以,取代基非对称性排列对增加电荷传输速率常数有利。其原因是支链非对称排列的分子的质量中心与几何中心不重合,当液晶分子绕质量中心旋转的同时形成了分子间的相对平移,从而增大了电荷转移矩阵元。本文为设计、改善液晶分子的电荷传输性能提供了一条新的思路。     

酰胺-亚胺醇互变诱导的分子内1,3-羟基迁移裂解反应研究

采用高分辨的电喷雾电离-高能碰撞解离质谱技术,结合同位素标记试验和密度泛函理论计算,对N-吡啶基苯甲酰胺类化合物的质子化离子裂解生成取代2-羟基吡啶阳离子的反应机理进行了研究。结果表明:在高能碰撞解离下,该类化合物的质子化离子首先酰胺基异构化为亚胺醇基,接着亚胺醇羟基经过分子内的1,3-OH~-迁移重排到吡啶环的C~2位上,最后正电荷诱导C~2-N~3键异裂,中性丢失一分子取代苯腈产生取代2-羟基吡啶阳离子。     

某些电荷转移反应中线性反应坐标确定的反应途径的非唯一性

在电子转移半经典模型的基础上,对氟代苯并菲组成的盘状液晶体系的电荷转移反应进行了研究,其反应动力学参数在量子化学B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平进行计算.研究中发现在反应物和产物的构型确定后,用线性反应坐标构造的反应途径和过渡态的构型不是唯一的.其原因是反应物和产物确定后,其独立内坐标的选择并不是唯一的.因此在计算电荷转移速率常数时必须考虑到多个过渡态构型才能得到定性正确的结果.     

核自旋偶合常数的计算 Ⅴ.取代苯偶合常数的计算

我们曾研究烃类分子以及1,2-双取代乙烯分子偶合常数的计算.本文提出取代苯偶合常数的计算方法. 苯分子中的氢原子被某些基团取代后,分子中碳原子间的电子密度将发生变化,当然,分子的几何构型和整个分子的电子结构也会发生变化.如果我们只考虑取代基对碳原子间电子密度的影响,据前文的公式,可以得到取代苯偶合常数的计算公式:     

尿嘧啶及其5位取代物分子的指纹区间的非谐性振动特征

在B3LYP/6-311++G~(**)水平上利用振动二阶微扰理论对2-吡啶酮,尿嘧啶及其5-取代物:5-溴-尿嘧啶、5-氯-尿嘧啶、5-氟-尿嘧啶、5-三氟甲基-尿嘧啶、5-腈-尿嘧啶、5-羟基-尿嘧啶(排斥式和氢键式)、胸腺嘧啶分子做了非谐性计算,研究这些分子在1 600~1 850 cm-1指纹区间振动模式的非谐性频率,非谐性常数与取代基影响的关系,并计算了费米共振峰,用振动激子模型模拟了耦合常数.和2-吡啶酮中的C=O和C=C伸缩振动相比,不同的5位取代基引起嘧啶分子中C=O跃迁偶极矩波动,取代基的电负性使C=C伸缩的跃迁偶极矩增加,并使得嘧啶分子中C=O和C=C伸缩振动之间的相互作用值改变显著,跃迁偶极耦合常数值和跃迁振动电子立方密度充分说明电子相互作用对模式间的耦合起着关键作用.     

分子内氢键V.N-甲基-2-邻羟基芳相基苯并咪唑的合成及分子内氢键

本文报道N-甲基取代邻羟基芳香基苯并咪唑的合成,并研究了此类螯合剂 的分子内氢键的性质.在合成N-甲基芳香基苯并咪唑或芳香基苯并咪唑过程中进行的N-甲基化时,随着>NH基N上的电荷密度增加和取代基空间位阻的增大,产率急剧下降.羟基的化学位移,离解常数和HMO计算均表明2-(邻羟基芳香基)-苯并咪唑, 唑,噻唑等化合物均具有较弱的分子内氢键.由于五员共轭环的生成,内氢键强度与结构之间的规律性很差.这与前文[7]关于邻苯基偶氮芳香酚和2(-邻羟基苯基)喹啉的结果不同.     

痂囊腔菌素A与咔唑化合物间的光致电子转移

研究了咔唑、咔唑-9-乙酸、3-溴-咔唑-9-乙酸在缺氧条件下对天然苝醌化合物痂囊腔菌素A(简记为EA)的荧光猝灭行为;由竹红菌甲素(HA)和乙素(HB)的荧光寿命估算了EA在乙腈中的荧光寿命,并进而计算了三个咔唑化合物的双分子猝灭速度常数.结果表明,三个咔唑化合物在EA的可见光吸收区无光吸收,据此推测其对EA的荧光猝灭作用归因于咔唑化合物作为电子给体而EA作为电子受体的光致电子转移作用.三个咔唑化合物的Stern-Volmer猝灭常数分别为698、704和1 063L·mol-1;乙酸基对咔唑环的光致电子转移速率几乎没有影响,而溴原子取代能够增加咔唑化合物对EA的荧光猝灭程度和光致电子转移速率.此外,EA在乙腈中的荧光寿命为1.98ns,而三个咔唑化合物的双分子猝灭速率常数分别为3.52×1011,3.56×1011和5.37×1011 L·mol-1·s-1.     

荧光素与咔唑分子内的光致电子转移反应

合成了以-(CH_2)_4-连接的荧光素,咔唑二元化合物,运用吸收光谱,荧光光谱及荧光寿命研究了咔唑在荧光素不同取代位置上的二元化合物分子内的光致电子转移过程,结果表明:分子内电子转移以动态过程为主.且当咔唑接在荧光素2’羧基端时,荧光素与咔唑的面对面取向较咔唑接在荧光素6位羟基端的肩并肩取向更有利于光致电子转移反应.     

Ab initio Study on the Intermolecular Interaction and Thermodynamic Properties of Methyl Nitrate Dimer

Three stable dimers of methyl nitrate have been obtained and their geometries have been fully optimized at the HF/6‐31G,. level. Binding energies have been calculated with correction for the basis set superposition error (BSSE) and zero point energy (ZPE). The cyclic overlap‐type structure, the binding energy of which is 11.97 kJ/mol at the MP4SDTQ/6‐31G. / HF/6‐31G. level, is the most stable. No intermolecular hydrogen bond was found, and the charge transfer between two subsystems is minute. The thermodynamic properties of methyl nitrate and its dimers have been calculated based on the vibrational analysis and statistical thermodynamics.     

卤素与乙烯、取代乙烯的亲电加成反应的量子化学研究

用MNDO法及能量梯度法优化了F⁺、Ci⁺与乙烯、丙烯、氟乙烯亲电加成反反的中间体,得到最稳定的构型。结果表明,氯比氟容易生成环式中间体,取代的乙烯比不取代的更易生成开式中间体。用基于从头算(4-31G基组)的Morokuma方案分解以F⁺为进攻试剂的三个体系的相互作用能。此反应中电荷迁移是最重要的相互作用,其次是静电相互作用。分析了上述两种取代基对相互作用能的影响。     

DFT-based molecular modeling, NBO analysis and vibrational spectroscopic study of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin

The NIR-FT Raman and FT-IR spectra of 3-(bromoacetyl)coumarin (BAC) molecule have been recorded and analyzed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation of two BAC conformers has been performed to find the optimized structures and computed vibrational wavenumbers of the most stable one. The obtained vibrational wavenumbers and optimized geometric parameters were seen to be in good agreement with the experimental data. Characteristic vibrational bands of the pyrone ring and methylene and carbonyl groups have been identified. The lowering of HOMO–LUMO energy gap clearly explains the charge transfer interactions taking place within the molecule.     

三种单环β-内酰胺抗生素分子药性机理的理论研究

运用MOPAC程序中AM1方法模拟了三种单环β-内酰胺抗生素分子与OH-的反应过程,得到了可行性机理·研究结果表明,在反应过程中活性四员环上出现了电荷迁移,酰胺键上的N原子上的负电荷逐渐增多,C原子所带正电荷亦相应增多,有利于亲核反应的进行。通过计算反应活化能,发现三种物质的活化能都比较小,说明在碱性条件下有利于该反应的进行·同时研究还发现反应的活化能与反应物的活性有一定的联系：当反应活化能越小,分子的生物活性越强。     

1-取代恶唑-2-取代苯基乙烯类电荷传输材料的光敏性与结构的 关系研究

应用AM1方法全优化了11种电荷传输材料的稳定构型。根据Law提出空穴注入轨道模型,研究了光敏性E~5~0与电荷传输材料和电荷传输材料的HOMO能级差ΔE~T~-~G的关系。计算结果表明,lgE~5~0与ΔE~T~-~G存在线性关系。采用成键能较低构型的HOMO能级得到的相关性(r=0.837)优于成键能较高构型的HOMO能级得到的相关性(r=0.728)。增加空穴传输活性氮原子的净电荷后,相关性被进一步提高(r=0.911)。这表明分层光感受器的光敏性与光电转换的后两个过程都相关,其中从电荷产生层(CGL)到(CTL)电荷传输层的空穴注入效率占主导作用,空穴在CTL中的迁移率也至关重要。     

Hydrogen bonding of formo- and thioformohydroxamic acid with methanethiol and methaneselenol as amino acid side chain groups

Hydrogen (H-) bonding ability of most stable keto and enol tautomers of formo- and thioformohydroxamic acids has been investigated by optimizing their 1:1 aggregates with MeSH and MeSeH as model molecules for sulfur and selenium containing amino acid side chains. Although enol is the most stable conformer of thioformohydroxamic acid, yet the most stable aggregate in both hydroxamic acids (HAs) being formed with keto conformer suggests that H-bonding can influence specific conformational dominance. In the aggregates, HAs preferably act as H-bond donor and S/Se of MeSH and MeSeH act as H-bond acceptor. The S···H and Se···H H-bonds although disfavored by electrostatics yet are favored by significant charge transfer. H-bonding preference and strength of interaction of HAs with MeSH and MeSeH is remarkably similar but markedly different from MeOH. AIM and NBO analysis have been employed to understand the role of electron delocalization, bond polarizations, charge transfer etc. as contributors to stabilization energy.     

Density functional study of small neutral and charged silver cluster hydrides

Small neutral, anionic, and cationic silver cluster hydrides AgnH and anionic HAgnH (n=1-7) have been studied using the PW91PW91 density functional method. It was found that the most stable structure of the AgnH complex (neutral or charged) does not always come from that of the lowest energy bare silver cluster plus an attached H atom. Among various possible adsorption sites, the bridge site is energetically preferred for the cationic and most cases of neutral Agn. For anionic Agn, the top site is preferred for smaller Agn within n相似文献   

H~2S对硫酸溶液中铁腐蚀作用的CNDO/2研究

动电位扫描得出工业纯铁在含H~2S的H~2SO~4溶液中腐蚀的电化学行为。应用CNDO/2法确定了阴、阳极电位下H~2S,HS^-在金属Fe晶面上的稳定吸附取向与最佳吸附间距,通过对吸附物总能量、结合能、净电荷分布的计算,得出H~2S体系阴、阳极反应被加速的微观机制。阳极电位下,大量HS^-为S原子的平行吸附方式,HS^-负电荷大部分向Fe转移,促进铁的溶解。阴极电位下,少量H~2S则为H原子的平行吸附方式,Fe表面负电荷向H~2S分子中与Fe作用的H转移,促进析氢。在CNDO/2法计算的基础上,圆满地解释了实验结果。     

Charge transfer excitations in cofacial fullerene-porphyrin complexes

Porphyrin and fullerene donor-acceptor complexes have been extensively studied for their photo-induced charge transfer characteristics. We present the electronic structure of ground states and a few charge transfer excited states of four cofacial porphyrin-fullerene molecular constructs studied using density functional theory at the all-electron level using large polarized basis sets. The donors are base and Zn-tetraphenyl porphyrins and the acceptor molecules are C(60) and C(70). The complexes reported here are non-bonded with a face-to-face distance between the porphyrin and the fullerene of 2.7 to 3.0 A?. The energies of the low lying excited states including charge transfer states calculated using our recent excited state method are in good agreement with available experimental values. We find that replacing C(60) by C(70) in a given dyad may increase the lowest charge transfer excitation energy by about 0.27 eV. Variation of donor in these complexes has marginal effect on the lowest charge transfer excitation energy. The interfacial dipole moments and lowest charge transfer states are studied as a function of face-to-face distance.