Asymmetric Induction of Chiral 1,1''''-Bis(oxazolinyl)ferrocenes as Ligands in Metal-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and Diels-Alder Reactions

Bis(oxazoline) ligands1 have been successfully used in a variety of metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions, such as cyclopropanation, allylic oxidation reactions, etc; Chiral ferrocene derivatives2 have also been proved as effective ligands in numerous asymmetric reactions, for example, chiral ferrocenylphosphines exhibited high enantioselectivity for the reduction of olefins, Heck reactions and Aldol reactions of aldehydes. These results stimulated us to study the behaviour the bis(oxazoline) …     

Enantioselective epoxidation of nonfunctionalized alkenes catalyzed by recyclable new homochiral bis-diamine-bridged bi-Mn(salen) complexes

Three new homochiral bis-diamine-bridged bi-Mn(salen) complexes were synthesized. Their catalysis on asymmetric epoxidation of α-methylstyrene, styrene and indene was studied with NaClO and m-CPBA as oxidants respectively. This homogeneous catalyst exhibited comparable catalytic activity and enantioselectivity to the Jacobsen’s catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins. Furthermore, the catalyst could be conveniently recovered and reused at least five times without significant losses of both activity and enantioselectivity. Specially, it also could be efficiently used in large-scale reactions with superior catalytic disposition being maintained at the same level, which provided the potential for the applications in industry. The effect of axial bases, temperature and solvent on activity and enantioselectivity of the catalytic system were also studied.     

Tetrahydrobenzo[5]helicenediol derivatives as additives for efficient proline-catalyzed asymmetric List-Lerner-Barbas aldol reactions of bulky aldehyde substrates

Proline-catalyzed asymmetric List-Lerner-Barbas aldol reactions of bulky aldehyde substrates could be efficiently carried out with dibromo-substituted helical diols P-4a/M-4a as additives. In the case of 9-anthraldehyde, the aldol product was obtained in 83% yield and 99% ee. An edge-to-face π-π stacking between the anthracenyl group in TS(R) and the phenyl group of the additive might contribute to the increase of enantioselectivity.     

STUDY OF XPS AND EHMO CALCULATION ON SILATRANE COMPOUNDS

Twenty silatrane compounds with different substituents(R) on the silicon atom are studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and EHMO(extended Hückel molecular orbitals) theoretical calculation of the nine compounds in which substituents(R), F, Cl, Br, I, CH_3, H, CH=CH_2, CH_2Cl and CHCl_2, are carried out. By the X-ray photoelectron spectra of the component elements in these compounds, the existence of N→Si dative bond in these molecules is not only confirmed, but the affection of the different substituents on the strength of N→Si dative bond is also obtained. A linear correlation exists between atomic netcharge(Q) obtained by EHMO calculation and the binding energy shifts of N_1_g and Si_(2p) due to different substituents. The calculated bond orders can well predict the effect ou the strength of N→Si dative bond due to the change of substituents in the experiment. Meanwhile, the calculations indicate that the strength of N→Si dative bond in molecules of all substituents is about h     

Enantioselective three-component Ugi reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphoric acid

A catalytic enantioselective three-component Ugi reaction was developed. SPINOL-derived phosphoric acid with bulky 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl groups at the 6,6′ positions was found to be the best catalyst to afford α-amino amide derivatives in good to excellent yields(62% to 99%) and enantiocontrol(81% to 99% enantiomeric excess). This asymmetric reaction was applicable well to an array of aliphatic aldehydes. The gram-scale synthesis, modification of dapsone, and enantioselective synthesis of(R)-Lacosamide underline the general utility of this methodology. Influence of dihedral angles and substituents of the chiral phosphoric acids on the enantioselectivity was also discussed in this article.     

手性铜(Ⅱ)-席夫碱配合物催化苯乙烯不对称环丙烷化反应

Twelve chiral copper(Ⅱ) Schiff base complexes, derived from (R) (+) 2 amino 1,1 diaryl 1 propanol with substituted salicylaldehydes, were examined as a catalyst for asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. It was found that the substituents at 3 and 5 positions of salicylaldehyde in the ligands had great effects on catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of the catalyst. The complex with strong electron withdrawing group (NO 2) at 5 position and the smallest stereo hinder (H) at 3 position of salicylaldehyde showed highly catalytic activity and enantioselectivity, up to ee =87 4% for trans and ee =82 8% for cis isomers respectively, and the ratio 39/61 of cis to trans isomers was obtained at 40 ℃ with 1,2 dichloroethane as solvent.     

Synthesis of Diphosphites from trans, trans-Spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diol and Their Application in Rh-catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Styrene

Chiral diphosphite ligands were prepared by the reaction of (1R,5S,6R)-(trans, trans)-spiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-diol with chlorophosphites. The rhodium(Ⅰ) complexes containing these ligands were tested in the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene and moderate enantioselectivity (up to 49% ee) was obtained. A pair of diastereomers 5a and 5b gave the opposite configuration of the product, which implies that the sense of enantioface selection is mainly dictated by the configuration of the terminal group on the ligand.     

Reversal of diastereoselectivity in palladium-arene interaction directed hydrogenative desymmetrization of 1,3-diketones

For the metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-substituted ketones,cis reductive products are generally obtained due to steric hindrance of substituents.Herein,an unprecedented trans reductive products were observed in palladium-catalyzed hydrogenative desymmetrization of cyclic and acyclic 1,3-diketones,providing the chiral trans β-hydroxy ketones with two adjacent stereocenters including one α-tertiary or quaternary stereocenter with high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.Mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggested that the rarely observed diastereoselectivity reversal is ascribed to the charge-charge interaction between the palladium and aromatic ring of the substrate,which could not only result in the reversal of the diastereoselectivity,but also improve the reactivity.     

Reactivity of Fe_3(CO)_(12) with Alkynes R-C≡C-R': Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Substituted Cyclic Ketones and Carbonyl Iron Complexes

The reactivity of carbonyl iron cluster with alkynes has been studied by the thermal reaction of Fe_3(CO)_(12) with R-C≡C-R'(R = Fc(Ferrocenyl); R′ = Ph(Phenyl), Fc, H). The hexacarbonyldiiron cluster with ferracyclopentadiene ring(μ_2, η~4-C_4Ph_4)Fe_2(CO)_6(1) and one tetraphenyl substituted cyclopentadienone(Ph_4C_4CO)(2) were simultaneously obtained by the reaction of Fe_3(CO)_(12) with alkyne(Ph-C≡C-Ph). Only one ferrole cluster(μ_2, η~4-C_4Fc_2H_2)Fe_2(CO)_6(3) was separated by using Fc-C≡C-H as alkyne. One tri-carbonyl iron complex(η~4-C_4Fc_4CO)Fe(CO)_3(4) and an unexpected new cyclic ketone compound 2,2,4,5-tetraferrocenylcyclopenta-4-en-1,3-di-one [Fc_4C_3(CO)_2](5) were obtained by using Fc-C≡C-Fc as alkyne. A new complex(η4-2,4-diphenyl-3,5-diferrocenylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-one)-tricarbonyl iron(η~4-C_4Ph_2Fc_2CO)Fe(CO)_3(6) was synthesized by the reaction of Fe_3(CO)_(12) with Fc-C≡C-Ph. The structures of compounds 1~6 were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic characterization. The crystal structures of two new compounds 5 and 6 were analyzed. Our experimental results reveal the structural models of the reaction products are affected by the kinds of substituents from alkynes R-C≡C-R′.     

Enantioselective hydrogenation of acetophenone by(1S,2S)-DPEN-Ru(Ⅱ)Cl_2(PPh_3)_2 encapsulated in Al-MCM-41

<正>A chiral ruthenium complex[(1S,2S)-DPEN]-RuCl_2(PPh_3)_2(DPEN = 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine,PPh_3 = triphenylphosphine) was encapsulated in the channel of Al-MCM-41 by electrostatic adsorption and 1,1-dichlorosilacyclobutane modification.The prepared heterogeneous catalyst showed the same catalytic activity and enantioselectivity as the corresponding homogeneous catalyst in the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone,and could be reused at least seven times without significant loss of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.     

含侧链手性噁唑硼烷催化还原苯乙酮对映选择性的理论研究

用AMI方法研究了含侧链手性恶唑硼烷催化苯乙酮还原反应的对映选择性机理 及其取代基和构型对对映选择性的影响。计算结果表明，含侧链手性恶唑硼烷催化 还原苯乙酮的反应机理与Corey等人提出的机理相符合，在此类硼催化剂的作用下 ，苯乙酮还原产物的绝对构型以R型为主。当恶唑硼烷环N(3)，B(2)上无取代基时 ，C(4)，C(5)位的取代基及其构型是不对称催化反应对映选择性的主要影响因素。     

不对称硼催化反应的理论研究(Ⅰ)——噁唑硼烷催化苯基乙酮还原反应的对映体选择性机理

用AM1方法研究了噁唑硼烷催化苯基乙酮还原反应的对映体选择性机理,结果表明,在此硼催化剂的作用下,苯基乙酮还原的对映体产物主要是R构型,其主要原因是两种对映体的催化过渡态的活化能相差较大所致.用过渡态活化理论计算所得光学产率e.e.=95%,计算结果与实验一致.     

对氯苯基乙酮不对称还原反应的理论研究

基于AM1分子轨道法计算 ,从热力学和动力学两方面研究了两种手性唑硼烷催化对氯苯基乙酮的不对称还原反应 ,获得了CBS四步反应机理中各步的反应热以及第II步的反应活化能 .结果表明 ,第II步和第IV步是吸热过程 ,采用唑硼烷的PhO基衍生物作催化剂有利于提高该不对称还原反应的对映选择性 .理论预测的产物手性及光学活性 (ee值 )与实验结果相吻合     

Effect of the Secondary Reduction on the Enantioselectivity and Function of Additives in the Chiral Oxazaborolidine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Borane Reduction of Ketones

The secondary reduction in the direct and oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed asymmetric borane reduction of ketones was investigated by the use of GC/MS tracing titration and control experiments. The results indicate that the secondary reduction affects the enantioselectivity only in noncoordinated solvents at low temperature and not under the usual catalytic reduction conditions because the intermediate alkoxyborane is unstable and quickly converts to borane and dialkoxyborane. The function of an alcohol additive in the asymmetric borane reduction of ketones is to consume excess borane in the reduction system thus inhibiting noncatalytic reduction, which leads to increased enantioselectivity in the catalytic reduction.     

苯甲酮不对称还原反应的理论研究

本文用AM1分子轨道方法研究了1,3,2-噁唑硼烷对苯甲酮的不对称催化还原.反应经历了噁唑硼烷-硼烷配合物的形成及其与苯甲酮的结合、氢转移及脱去噁唑硼烷形成手性产物二级醇-硼烷配合物四步过程.获得了各步的反应热、速度控制步骤的过渡态结构和位能曲线及其相应的反应活化能,计算发现反应机理中的第3步氢转移产物有四员环结构特征.     

Effect of borane source on the enantioselectivity in the enantiopure oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed asymmetric borane reduction of ketones

The effect of borane source on enantioselectivity in the enantiopure oxazaborolidine‐catalyzed asymmetric borane reduction of ketones has been investigated by using (S)‐3,1,2‐oxazaborobicyclo[3.3.0]octane and (S)‐7,3,1,2‐thiaxazaborobicyclo[3.3.0]octane as catalysts. The results indicate that the enantioselective order of different borane sources is borane–dimethyl sulfide < borane–N,N‐diethylaniline < borane–THF for the asymmetric reduction of a ketone under the same conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:740–746, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20370     

Effect of conformational control of chiral oxazaborolidine by π-π stacking interaction of a pentafluorophenyl group toward asymmetric borane reduction

A pentafluorophenyl group can act as a stereo-controlling group in oxazaborolidine-catalyzed asymmetric borane reduction through intramolecular π-π stacking interaction with a phenyl group. The intramolecular π-π interaction in oxazaborolidine bearing pentafluorophenyl group is confirmed by calculations and ¹H NMR study. The interaction affects the enantioselectivity of the asymmetric reduction of acetophenone while the extent is small.     

Highly catalytic enantioselective reduction of aromatic ketones using chiral polymer-supported Corey,Bakshi, and Shibata catalysts

A systematic study was conducted to formulate the optimal reaction parameters for polymer-supported (PS)-oxazaborolidine catalyzed enantioselective ketone reduction. The B-methylated chiral oxazaborolidine prepared in situ from the previously reported polymers by Degni et al. have been used in the enantioselective borane reduction of some substituted aromatic ketones to afford the corresponding optical active secondary alcohol products. While the linear-bound system shows low enantioselectivity, the cross-linked version affords enantioselectivities almost identical to those of the monomeric model (with up to 96% enantiomeric excesses).     

吡咯烷并手性噁唑硼烷催化芳香酮的不对称还原机理的量子化学研究

不对称催化还原;吡咯烷并手性噁唑硼烷催化芳香酮的不对称还原机理的量子化学研究     

Exploring structural effects of ketone catalysts on asymmetric epoxidation of olefins

Several ketone catalysts containing spiro ethers and lactones have been investigated for the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins. The results showed that substituents on the spiro ring of the ketone catalysts have profound effects on enantioselectivity. Results also suggested that the high enantioselectivities previously observed for conjugated cis-olefins with oxazolidinone containing ketones could be partially due to attractive interactions between the R_π group of the olefin and the carbonyl group of the oxazolidinone. In addition, nonbonding interactions such as van der Waals forces and/or hydrophobic interactions between the olefin substituents and the nitrogen substituents of the oxazolidinone may also be involved in stereodifferentiation. The information gained provides additional understanding of factors important for ketone catalyzed epoxidations.