Remarks on a paper by J. T. Beale,T. Kato,and A. Majda

We prove that the maximum norm of the deformation tensor controls the possible breakdown of smooth solutions for the 3-dimensional Euler equations. More precisely, the loss of regularity in a local smooth solution of the Euler equations implies the growth without bound of the deformation tensor as the critical time approaches; equivalently, if the deformation tensor remains bounded the existence of a smooth solution is guaranteed.     

Quantum Leap: From Dirac and Feynman,Across the Universe to Human Body and Mind,by V. Ivancevic and T. Ivancevic

Liquids can, under certain conditions, sustain quite large tensions. In this paper an account is given of experiments which have been performed to subject liquids to various rates of stressing, namely, static experiments, dynamic experiments and ultrasonic stressing. This is followed by a discussion of the theoretical work which has been done on the tensile strength of liquids. The paper ends with an account of recent work and an assessment of the present state of the subject.     

Approaches to the Physical Mechanisms and Theories of Low-Concentration Effects in Aqueous Solutions

The influence of optical, plasma, and mechanical effects on the macroscopic properties of aqueous solutions is discussed. An important role of the nano-objects that are spontaneously formed in a liquid or generated by external perturbation sources in the formation of these properties is stated. It is suggested that the presence of nano-objects in aqueous solutions determines the behavior of most various processes: from the formation of shock waves to the change in the ion composition and regulation of biological activity. Nonmonotonic dependences of the absorption and luminescence efficiency on the concentration of ion impurity centers in crystals are demonstrated. One of the causes of nonmonotonicity is the aggregation of active centers from neighboring lattice cells. Active aggregates are identified based on a thermodynamic calculation, in agreement with the spectral and relaxation experimental data. Particular analytical models of the thermodynamic state of water and aqueous solutions and the kinetics of chemical reactions occurring in them are reviewed. Here, a key point is the consideration of short-lived hydrogen bonds between water and solute molecules The formalism of the theory of dichotomous noise is used to describe these twinkling hydrogen bonds. Its application indicates, in particular, the possibility of forming a low-concentration droplet phase in solutions. A scheme of successive unification of particular models of thermodynamics and kinetics of aqueous solutions, based on an analogy with the theory of luminescence effects in ion impurity centers, is proposed.

     

A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change,by B. Bolin

Modern Aether Science. By H. Aspden, (Sabberton Publications, 1971.) [Pp. 165.] £2.50. Scope: Treatise. Level: Specialist.

Symmetry Principles in Particle Physics. By J. McL. Emmerson. (Clarendon Press: Oxford University Press, 1972.) [Pp. xii+184.] £5.50. Scope: Textbook. Level: Specialist/post-graduate.

Lithium Drifted Germanium Detectors. By I. C. Brownridgh. (Plenum Press, 1972.) [Pp. xii + 210.] £23.00. Scope: Survey. Level: Speoialist/postgraduate.

The Physics of Opto-Electronic Materials. Edited by W. A. Albero, (Plenum Press, 1971.) [Pp. xv+ 281.] $18.45. Scope: Conference proceedings. Level: For specialists only; specialist/postgraduate.

Problems of Non-linear Optics. By S. Arkhmanov and R. V. Khoklov, (Gordon &; Breach, 1972.) [Pp. xiii + 294.] £10.20.

Methods in X-ray Crystallography. By J. W. Jeffery, (Academic Press, 1971.) [Pp. xxix + 571.] £11.50. Scope: Treatise/textbook. Level: Specialist/postgradute.

Electron Spectroscopy. Edited by D. A. Shirley, (North-Holland, 1972.) [Pp. xii + 916.] H.fl 90.00; $28.25. Scope: Conference proceedings. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.

Atoms and Information Theory: An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics. By R. Baierlein. (W. H. Freeman &; Co. Ltd., 1971.) [Pp. xi + 486.] £6.60. Scope: Textbook. Level: Postgraduate; undergraduate.

Principles and Applications of Magnetic Cooling. By R. P. Hudson. (North-Holland, 1972.) [Pp. xvii + 230.] Dfl 60.00, x19.00. Scope: Treatise/Textbook; Survey; Library (reference). Level: Specialist/post-graduate.

Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials. By N. F. Mott end E. A. Davis. (Oxford University Press: Clarendon Press, 1971.) [Pp. xiii × 437.] £7.50. Scope: Treatise textbook; library. Level: For specialists only; general reader; specialist/postgreductte.

Radiation Effects in Semiconductors. Edited by J. W. Corbett and G. D. Watkins. (Gordon &; Breach, 1971.)

Elementary Particles. By I. S. Hughes, (Penguin, 1971.) [Pp. 254.] £2.50. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

Submillimetre Spectroscopy. By G. W. Chantry, (Academic Press, 1971.) [Pp. x + 385.] £6.00. Scope: Treatise/textbook; survey. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.

Sommerfeldsche Polynommethode. By A. Rubinowicz. (Springer-Verlag, 1972.) [Pp. xiv + 278.] DM 56. Scope: Treatise. Level: For specialists only.

Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics. By B. Jancovici. (McGraw-Hill, 1973.) [Pp. xi + 147.] £2.95. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

Quantum Theory of Particles and Fields. (Volume I). By K. H. Ruei, (Taiwan University Press, 1971.) [Pp. xxiii+472.] £0.00. Scope: Textbook. Level: Undergraduate.

A Pedestrian Approach to Quantum Field Theory. By E. G. Harris, (Wiley-Interscience, 1972.) [Pp. xi + 167.] £4.75. Scope: Textbook. Level: Postgraduate; undergraduate.

Many-Electron Theory. By S. Raimes. (North-Holland, 1972.) [Pp. xi + 272.] Scope: Textbook. Level: Post-graduate.

Electroluminescence. Edited by D. V. Skobel'tsyn. (Consultants Bureau, 1972.) [Pp. vi + 137.] $17.00. Scope: Treatise. Level: Specialist/postgraduata; General reader.

Network Theory. Edited by P. Boite, (Gordon &; Breach, 1972.) [Pp.x + 577.] £4.75. Scope: Conference Proceedings. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.

Electron Optics. (2nd Edition) By P. Grivet, (Translated by P. W. Hawkes). (Pergamon, 1972.) [Pp. Ivii + 870.] £12.00. Scope: Treatise; library. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.     

The Earth: Its Origin,History and Physical Constitution, 6th edition,by Sir Harold Jeffreys

The paper traces the development of Operational Research in industry and university in the period since 1945. It shows the relation between the problem areas of interest, year by year, and current economic and social needs. The paper also shows how the technical methodology developed in a similar manner.

A final section discusses current national problems and the extent to which Operational Research is trying to tackle these.

An address given at the Annual Meeting, at Stirling, of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, September, 1974.     

A New Approach to Modifying Theories of Gravity

We propose a new point of view for interpreting Newton’s and Einstein’s theories of gravity. By taking inspiration from Continuum Mechanics and its treatment of anisotropies, we formulate new gravitational actions for modified theories of gravity. These models are simple and natural generalisations with many interesting properties. Above all, their precise form can, in principle, be determined experimentally.     

R. B. Woodward,A Great Physical Organic Chemist

Robert Burns Woodward is considered one of the greatest synthetic organic chemists of our time, if not the greatest. This article presents evidence that Woodward was also one of the greatest physical organic chemists as well. Among Woodward and his collaborators' most important accomplishments in the field of physical organic chemistry are: the Woodward–Hoffmann rules; the derivation and use of structure–mechanism–reactivity relationships in his multifold structure determinations and total syntheses; the Woodward ultraviolet rules and the Octant Rule; and his early demonstration that synthetic organic chemistry can contribute to the synthesis of potential superconductors and thus, to material science. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.