On the connection between the gamma and radio spectra of pulsars

We suggest a model of pulsar radio emission in which a coherent radio emission is excited in a vacuum gap above the polar cap of a neutron star. The pulsar X-ray and gamma radiation is considered as the result of inverse Compton scattering of radio emission by ultrarelativistic electrons accelerated in the gap. The influence of the pulsar magnetic field on the inverse Compton scattering is taken into account. The relationship between the radio and gamma spectra has been found in this model.     

On the nature of turbulence

A mechanism for the generation of turbulence and related phenomena in dissipative systems is proposed.The research was supported by the Netherlands Organisation for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.).     

On the nature of turbulence

A concept of turbulence is presented that is based on the results of an investigation of the structure of a gas flow in a tube with a square cross section in front of a nonsteady-state moving flame front. It is shown that a region of elevated pressure, consisting of alternating condensations, is formed in the gas flow near the tube walls. These condensations are the sources of waves which form a distribution of velocity fluctuations in the gas flow over a wide range of amplitudes, frequencies and directions. The dynamics of the perturbations at the walls and the configuration of the wave in the gap make it possible to consider the fluctuations in the flow as pseudochaotic and to use statistical methods to describe them. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 113, 191–203 (January 1998)     

On the connection between gamma radiation and radio radiation in pulsars

A model proposed for radio radiation from a pulsar suggests that coherent radio radiation is generated in a vacuum gap over the polar cap of a neutron star. In this model, x and gamma rays from the pulsar are generated due to the inverse Compton scattering of radio radiation by ultrarelativistic electrons accelerated in the gap.     

On the nature of middle-latitude F-spread

The results of a special experiment to study the statistics of short-wave signals reflected from the ionosphere during F-spread conducted in the first half of 1994 at the proving ground of the Scientific-Research Radio-Physics Institute at Zimenki of the Nizhny Novgorod region are presented. The dependence of the index of amplitude fluctuations on the reception bandwidth was studied. The experiment results are compared with existing theoretical concepts of the origin of F-spread. The experiment favors the hypothesis that middle-latitude F-spread is result of the multiple-ray nature of short-wave signals reflected from the large-scale quasi-regular inhomogeneous structure of the ionosphere.Scientific-Research Radio-Physics Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 1447–1451, November, 1994.     

On the nature of the EMC effect

It is shown that none of the popular models suggested to explain the EMC effect seem satisfactory. A new point of view on the effect as a simple relativistic phenomenon is presented and is shown to be favoured by NA4 data.     

On the nature of the Aharonov-Bohm effect

It is shown that zero-field potentials may be responsible for the Aharonov-Bohm effect. A magnetic field B=curlA ^f has a physical (gauge-invariant) meaning for field potentials A ^f, whereas a circulation ∮_C A ⁰ d r has a physical meaning for zero-field potentials A ⁰.     

On the nature of the photoproton spectra

Two classes of the proton channels of dipole LAS in the even-even nuclei have been studied: the decay into the “one hole” and “two hole-one particle” states of the residual nucleus. The photoproton spectra for ¹¹⁴Sn and ¹²⁴Sn have been calculated and compared with experiment.     

On nature of supersymmetries

The problem of emergence of supersymmetry is considered. It is argued that putting of a set of harmonic oscillators into a thermal bath gives both quantum mechanics and supersymmetric structures.     

On the nature of cohesion in copper

The origin of cohesion in copper is discussed on the basis of calculations performed in a simplified nearly-free (s) electron-tight binding (d) electron model. While the atomic radius dependence of the s-electron energy is obtained similar to earlier ab initio results, the d-electron contribution to the total energy is found not to be the traditional monotonic repulsion, but slightly attractive in the neighbourhood of the observed lattice spacing.     

On the quantification of asymmetry in nature

A new concept of quantitative measure of the amount of structural asymmetry is introduced and defined by maximal overlap between two enantiomers of the same chiral body. This concept is to be called chiral coefficient, and it can readily be extended to physical properties such as mass or electronic wave-function distributions over chiral objects such as molecules or unit cells in crystals. The mathematical aspects of these coefficients are discussed. There exist two cases of maximal overlaps, symmetric and asymmetric, where for the asymmetric case there exist two positions of maximal overlap. It is also shown that there always exists a natural directionz for every asymmetric body for any physical property treated. The possibility of quantizing structural asymmetry is discussed, and, if it exists, it may be associated with the naturalz axis of the chiral system. Possible applications of asymmetry quantification are discussed.     

On the nature of the liquid-to-glass transition equation

Within the model of delocalized atoms, it is shown that the parameter δT_g, which enters the glasstransition equation qτ_g = δT_g and characterizes the temperature interval in which the structure of a liquid is frozen, is determined by the fluctuation volume fraction \({f_g} = {\left( {{{\Delta {V_e}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\Delta {V_e}} V}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} V}} \right)_{T = {T_g}}}\) frozen at the glass-transition temperature T_g and the temperature T_g itself. The parameter δT_g is estimated by data on f_g and T_g. The results obtained are in agreement with the values of δT_g calculated by the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation, as well as with the product qτ_g—the left-hand side of the glass-transition equation (q is the cooling rate of the melt, and τ_g is the structural relaxation time at the glass-transition temperature). Glasses of the same class with f_g ≈ const exhibit a linear correlation between δT_g and T_g. It is established that the currently used methods of Bartenev and Nemilov for calculating δT_g yield overestimated values, which is associated with the assumption, made during deriving the calculation formulas, that the activation energy of the glass-transition process is constant. A generalized Bartenev equation is derived for the dependence of the glass-transition temperature on the cooling rate of the melt with regard to the temperature dependence of the activation energy of the glasstransition process. A modified version of the kinetic glass-transition criterion is proposed. A conception is developed that the fluctuation volume fraction f = ΔV_e/V can be interpreted as an internal structural parameter analogous to the parameter ξ in the Mandelstam–Leontovich theory, and a conjecture is put forward that the delocalization of an active atom—its critical displacement from the equilibrium position—can be considered as one of possible variants of excitation of a particle in the Vol’kenshtein–Ptitsyn theory. The experimental data used in the study refer to a constant cooling rate of q = 0.05 K/s (3 K/min).     

On the nature of the generalized WKB method

The nature and the conditions of applicability of the generalized WKB method (the Petrashen-Miller-Good method) are investigated. It is shown that the generalized WKB method is a new approximate method for quantum mechanics, differing essentially from the WKB method.In conclusion I wish to express my sincere appreciation to Academicians V. A. Fok and M. I. Petrashen for their interest in this work and their valuable advice in the process of its completion.