Online self-calibration for mobile vision based on laser imaging and computer algorithms

A self-calibration technique for mobile three-dimensional vision is presented. This technique determines the vision parameters during the vision task based on computer algorithms and image processing. The three-dimensional vision is performed by a Bezier network based on laser line projection. This network provides the data to perform the online self-calibration when the vision system is modified. Here, the changes of the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters are determined. The structure of the network is performed by the line shifting provided by the surface depth. From this structure, the data for the initial calibration and online self-calibration are deduced. In this manner, the calibrated references and physical measurements are avoided to perform the online self-calibration. Therefore, calibration limitations caused by online modifications are overcome to perform the mobile vision. Thus, the proposed self-calibration improves the accuracy and performance of the mobile vision. It is because online data of calibrated references are not passed to the vision system. This procedure represents a contribution in the field of the online recalibration, which is performed based on calibrated references. To elucidate this contribution, an evaluation is performed based on the self-calibration methods, which are reported in the recent years. Also, the time processing is described.     

Online self-camera orientation based on laser metrology and computer algorithms

An online self-camera orientation for mobile vision is presented. In this technique, the camera orientation is determined during the vision task. This procedure is carried out by Bezier networks of a laser line. Here, the camera orientation is calibrated when the camera is turned during the vision task. Also, the networks perform the three-dimensional vision. The network structure is built based on the behavior of the line shifting, which is provided by the surface depth. From this structure, the initial calibration and the online self-camera orientation are deduced. The proposed technique avoids calibrated references and physical measurements, which are used in the traditional calibration of camera orientation. Thus, calibration limitations caused by camera orientation modifications are overcome to perform the three-dimensional vision. Therefore, the proposed self-camera orientation improves the accuracy and performance of the mobile vision. It is because online data of calibrated references are not passed to the vision system. This procedure represents a contribution in the field of the calibration of camera orientation. To elucidate this contribution, an evaluation is performed based on the reported methods of self-calibration of camera orientation. Also, the time processing is described.     

Laser imaging and approximation networks for calibration of three-dimensional vision

An automatic calibration technique for three-dimensional vision is presented. This technique determines the vision parameters by means of approximation networks and image processing of a laser line. Also, the network performs the three-dimensional vision based on laser scanning and a mobile camera. The network is built based on the behavior of a laser line and the camera position. Here, an electromechanical device moves the camera during the vision task and the network provides an automatic re-calibration. Thus, the vision is carried out via mobile camera and extrinsic parameters are not passed to the system. Therefore, the accuracy and the performance of the vision procedure are improved. It is because the physical measurements of references are avoided. Thus, a contribution for the calibration of lighting methods is achieved. Additionally to it, the mobile setup provides a high sensitivity and avoids occlusion. The proposed technique is tested with real objects and its results are evaluated based on laser projection methods. To carry it out, a root mean square of error is computed using a contact method as reference. Also, the time processing is described.     

夜视装备的物理基础

文阐述了各种夜视装备的物理基础.     

Study on information content of the 3D object's coherent imaging and hologram information redundancy

On the basis of the light field distribution of objects with coherent illumination, and the most basic physical mechanism of binocular stereoscopic vision, we calculate the information content of the light field in ‘the smallest observation window’ produced by a point source and multi-points source respectively, and ‘the smallest observation window’ means that the size of the window just satisfies the demand of binocular stereo vision. As a result, the minimum information content of the light field that the binocular stereo vision needed is acquired. Comparing the information content of hologram with that of the light field in the hologram plane, we make out the redundancy of holographic information content and point out the direction of the holographic compression.     

单片机在设计性物理实验中的应用

在设计性物理实验中引入单片机技术 ,使学生了解怎样实现测量数字化与自动化 ,初步掌握信号放大、数据采集、编程等基本方法     

Photogrammetric machine vision

Photogrammetry is the art, science and technology of obtaining reliable three-dimensional information about physical objects and the environment through processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and other phenomena.

In real-time photogrammetry, and specifically when applied to machine vision, the solid state video cameras act as dynamic two-dimensional records of scences containing all the actual information for continuous gathering of three-dimensional object space data. Both passive and active real-time photogrammetric systems are discussed.     

夜视领域几个热点技术的进展及分析

作为夜视技术的主要技术途径,微光夜视和红外热成像技术在现代战争中具有重要的地位,掌握先进的夜视技术对于控制战场形势至关重要。随着各种现代夜视技术在世界各国军队中的装备中应用,"拥有黑夜"已逐步成为"共享黑夜"。为继续保持夜视技术的优势,美国及其盟友不断地发展更为先进的夜视技术和装备,并取得重要进展。介绍了夜视技术的几个重要的技术进展,分析了其对整个夜视技术发展以及应用的影响,希望对加快发展我国的夜视技术,促进夜视装备的有效应用起到促进作用。     

Digital image correlation in experimental mechanics and image registration in computer vision: Similarities,differences and complements

Digital image correlation and image registration or matching are among the most widely used techniques in the fields of experimental mechanics and computer vision, respectively. Despite their applications in separate fields, both techniques primarily involve detecting the same physical points in two or more images. In this paper, a brief technical comparison of the two techniques is reviewed, and their similarities and differences as well as complements are presented. It is shown that some concepts from the image registration or matching technique can be applied to the digital image correlation technique to substantially enhance its performance, which can help broaden the applications of digital image correlation in scientific research and engineering practice.     

The physics of colour vision

Investigation of human colour vision relies primarily upon psycho-physical methods which require active observer participation in the experiments. The principal results of such experiments are stated and discussed in relation to the functional organisation of human colour vision. Generally, objective techniques, such as electro-physiology, are employed in the study of colour vision responses in non-human vertebrate species. The structural and functional organisation of vertebrate colour vision as revealed by these objective methods is described and the relationship between objective and psycho-physical results examined. Other sections of the article are concerned with defective colour vision and with parametric variations in normal colour vision. It is concluded that a reasonably consistent scheme for the organization of human colour vision emerges from the various types of experimental investigation, and that this scheme is adequate for the interpretation of a variety of colour vision phenomena.     

Optoelectronic instrumentation enhancement using data mining feedback for a 3D measurement system

3D measurement by a cyber-physical system based on optoelectronic scanning instrumentation has been enhanced by outliers and regression data mining feedback. The prototype has applications in (1) industrial manufacturing systems that include: robotic machinery, embedded vision, and motion control, (2) health care systems for measurement scanning, and (3) infrastructure by providing structural health monitoring. This paper presents new research performed in data processing of a 3D measurement vision sensing database. Outliers from multivariate data have been detected and removal to improve artificial intelligence regression algorithm results. Physical measurement error regression data has been used for 3D measurements error correction. Concluding, that the joint of physical phenomena, measurement and computation is an effectiveness action for feedback loops in the control of industrial, medical and civil tasks.     

Detecting shadows from a single image

We present a novel (to our best knowledge) optical recognition technique for detecting shadows from a single image. Most prior approaches definitely depend on explicit physical computational models, but physics-based approaches have the critical problem that they may fail severely even with slight perturbations. Unlike traditional approaches, our method does not rely on any explicit physical models. This breakthrough originates from a discovery of a new modeling mechanism, derived from a biological vision principle, the so-called retinex theory, which is well suited for single-image shadow detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the previous optical recognition techniques and gives robust results even in real-world complex scenes.     

探究用比较法测液体粘滞系数

采用间接比较法,就是利用已知的标准量作为参考,通过比较公式,来测量某未知量.该方法可使实验操作过程大为简化,不仅减少了测量量,且单位不必国际化,计算更简单,有效数字位数只由已知标准量来确定,从而提高了测量的精度,使比较公式的物理意义更加明确.该方法使学生的视野大为开阔,为很多的实验,提供了多选方案,为进一步拓展学生的思...     

目标落点的视觉测量方法研究

 针对传统视觉测量方法不能用于远距离和大场域目标测量的问题,提出了一种简单的视觉测量方法,可精确地测量远距离、大场域内目标落点的位置。利用简单的现场标校方法,使两相机的横向核平面水平且重合。在此基础上,根据视觉测量原理,建立了简化的落点坐标视觉测量模型。利用该模型,在250 m×350 m的测量区域内对遍布相机视场的44个目标点进行了视觉测量实验。实验数据显示:各点的综合相对测量误差小于0.3%,达到了较高的测量精度,完全适用于远距离、大视场的目标落点测量。     

Is colour cognitive?

In recent years, colour-vision abilities have been rather generously ascribed to various invertebrates and even bacteria. This uncertainty of when to diagnose colour vision stems in part from confusing what colour vision can do with what it is. What colour vision can do is discriminate wavelength independent of intensity. However, if we take this as a definition of what colour vision is, then we might be obliged to conclude that some plants and bacteria have colour vision. Moreover, there is a similar confusion of what are necessary and what are sufficient mechanisms and behavioural abilities for colour vision. To humans, seeing in colour means seeing an image in which objects/lights have chromatic attributes—in contrast to the sensation that we have when viewing monochrome movies, or our experience in dim light when only rod vision is possible. The necessary basic equipment for this is to have at least two types of photoreceptors that differ in spectral sensitivity, and at least one type of spectrally opponent cell to compare the signals from the photoreceptors. Clearly, however, a necessary additional prerequisite for colour vision is to have vision, which entails the identification of shapes, sizes and locations of objects in the world. Thus, if an animal has colour vision, it should see an image in which distinct objects/lights have colour attributes. This distinguishes colour vision from wavelength discrimination, but also from what has historically been called wavelength-specific behaviour: a type of behaviour triggered by fixed configurations of spectral receptor signals; however, we discuss difficulties in diagnosing wavelength-specific behaviour as an indicator of the absence of colour vision. Finally, we discuss whether colour vision, by definition, contains a cognitive dimension for ordering and classifying perceptual experience.     

电子信息技术在固体物理教学中的应用

为解决固体物理教学中存在的晶体结构不易讲解、理论推导复杂易导致物理图像不清晰的问题,本文对以多媒体技术和网络技术为核心的电子信息技术辅助固体物理教学进行了研究,总结了多媒体技术在晶体三维结构、布里渊区、晶格振动和电子能带理论教学中的具体应用及效果,又列举了网络资源在固体物理课教学中的应用及效果.实践表明,多媒体技术的恰当应用,能使学生更深入地理解相关的固体物理知识,建立清晰的物理图像,达到良好的教学效果;而网络技术的有效应用,可以扩展学生的视野,提高学生自主学习的能力.     

基于色貌的跨媒体颜色复制

介绍了一种基于视觉匹配的跨媒体颜色复制方法。通过视觉匹配将一个环境下的一些色貌因素"映射"到另一个环境,是一种基于色貌的CRT特性化方法。该方法复制的22个Munsell色卡的平均视觉评价为6分制的5.17分。其中,红色调的复制色块视觉评价较好,蓝色调或蓝色占有较大比例的复制色块误差较大。sRGB作为目前流行的用于颜色通讯的标准色空间,在实验中也进行了比较。实验证明这种基于视觉匹配的特性化方法,已经包含了一些色貌因素,可以满足一般的应用要求,有着广泛的应用前景。     

基于同心圆合成图像匹配的双目视觉标定

分析了双目视觉传感器的数学模型,提出了一种基于同心圆合成图像匹配的双目视觉传感器的标定方法。在测量范围内任意多次摆放同心圆靶标,由两台摄像机拍摄靶标图像。根据摄像机模型与已知同心圆在靶标坐标系上的位置关系,构造合成图像,将合成图像与观测图像进行相似度匹配,通过优化定位得到靶标上每个圆的圆心点图像坐标。利用左右图像对应的圆心图像坐标和双目视觉的约束关系,对双目视觉传感器参数进行非线性优化,并得到最优解。所提出的标定方法是在张正友方法的理论基础上,利用了图像的整体性进行的优化。实验结果表明,该方法提高了标定精度。     

激光夜视仪光电主要参数的设计与分析

着重分析微光夜视仪的心脏元件──微光管的合理匹配，并对其光学系统主要参数设计原则与方法作了扼要论述。最后根据人眼视觉特性，结合光电有关参数，对夜视视见能力作了理论分析。     

机器视觉及其应用(系列讲座)第一讲机器视觉发展概述

近年来，机器视觉已经发展成为光电子的一个应用分支，广泛应用于微电子、PCB生产、自动驾驶、印刷、科学研究和军事等领域。机器视觉在中国的蓬勃发展，使从事机器视觉的公司和人员大量涌现。《机器视觉技术发展概述》是《机器视觉及其应用》系列讲座的综述部分，重点讨论下列内容：机器视觉的定义、发展历程与趋势、应用领域及所涉及的技术。