新型椭圆形互补隐身斗篷设计

基于变换光学理论和互补媒质理论,提出了新型椭圆形互补隐身斗篷的设计方法,并得到了本构参数张量表达式,利用基于有限元算法的电磁仿真软件对该模型进行了全波仿真验证,结果证实了所得到的表达式的正确性,这种隐身斗篷不仅能够实现对位于其内部的物体隐身,而且电磁波能透进隐身斗篷内部进而可以与外界进行通信。     

While rotating while cloaking

Invisible optical and thermal cloaking have been explored as the typical demonstrations of the transformation optics and thermotics theory. However, the existing cloaks are realized by only one-coordinate transformation, and the cloaking layout, i.e. the form of electromagnetic wave/heat passing around the invisible region, is single for a long time. Here, we propose a new rotated thermal cloak which can unify the conventional cloaking and rotating together, and realize the while-rotating–while-cloaking effect. The required anisotropic thermal conductivity tensor is deduced from the new geometric mapping. Though rotated, the heat flux can be tuned around the central invisible region perfectly by the proposed rotated thermal cloak. The underlying physics is explored by comprehensive analysis of the distribution of the thermal conductivity tensor, which is further compared with those of the conventional cloak and rotator. The experimental feasibility is also discussed by validating the practical while-rotating–while-cloaking effect through a proof-of-concept design. The proposed rotated thermal cloak is expected to extend the possibility of cloaking scheme, and open avenues for the multiple coordinate transformation in counterpart physical fields, like optics, electrics, acoustics, magnetics, mechanics, etc.     

Tunable Visible Cloaking Using Liquid Diffusion

A method is introduced for the design of invisibility cloaks inspired by fluid dynamics that is different from traditional transformation optics. The inhomogeneous refractive index of the liquid cloak controlled by the natural liquid diffusion is analogous to its counterpart designed by transformation optics. Here, a tunable liquid visible cloak is experimentally presented by the natural diffusion of miscible flows. This method avoids the use of complex nanostructures in its solid counterpart, and provides a simple and low‐cost approach. This implies that optofluidics can be used as a technology to make real‐time reconfigurable transformation optic devices.     

Fluid flow control with transformation media

We introduce a new concept for the manipulation of fluid flow around three-dimensional bodies. Inspired by transformation optics, the concept is based on a mathematical idea of coordinate transformations and physically implemented with anisotropic porous media permeable to the flow of fluids. In two situations-for an impermeable object placed either in a free-flowing fluid or in a fluid-filled porous medium-we show that the object can be coated with an inhomogeneous, anisotropic permeable medium, such as to preserve the flow that would have existed in the absence of the object. The proposed fluid flow cloak eliminates downstream wake and compensates viscous drag, hinting at the possibility of novel propulsion techniques.     

Design of two-dimensional elliptically cylindrical invisible cloaks with multiple regions

Two-dimensional(2D) elliptically cylindrical invisible cloaks with multiple regions are designed based on the transformation optics and the complementary media theory. Multiple invisible cloak regions can be obtained by properly using the compressed or folded transformation in each space layer. The constitutive parameter tensor expressions for each region have been obtained. The results of full wave simulations by using finite element software confirm the validity of the constitutive parameter tensor expressions. In addition, the parameters are relatively easier to realize.     

二维椭圆形散射转移斗篷的设计研究

基于变换光学理论设计了椭圆形散射转移斗篷,并推导了相应的本构参数张量表达式,根据得到的本构参数,利用基于有限元算法的软件分别对椭圆形介质柱、导体柱进行了全波仿真验证.仿真结果证实了所得本构参数的正确性,验证了散射转移斗篷可以模拟任意物体,包括介质、导体的幻象,这些结果为设计隐身斗篷提供了一种新的理论途径.     

Carpet anti-cloak based on transformation optics

We propose a scheme for carpet anti-cloak based on the transformation optics. An anti-cloak layer is designed, which can make the external electromagnetic waves break the carpet cloak shielding. The external electromagnetic waves can be detected under the carpet cloak, while not affecting the role of carpet cloak of stealth. The Jacobian transformation tensor is calculated by numerically solving the Laplace equations with proper boundary condition. Thus, it is possible to design tile anti-cloak layer of irregular shape. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibilities and flexibilities of the structure. Design details and full-wave simulation results are provided.     

Beam controller using nonlinear embedded optical transformation

Flexible and adjustable beam splitters, expanders/compressors and the cloak are presented based on a universal two-dimensional transformation formula for the embedded transformation optics. Nonlinear transformation results by the suggested formula under different conditions reveal several interesting phenomena and potential applications. All beam controllers are achieved by the nonlinear coordinate transformation.     

Two-Dimensional （2D） Polygonal Electromagnetic Cloaks

Transformation optics offers remarkable control over electromagnetic fields and opens an exciting gateway to design ＇invisible cloak devices＇ recently. We present an important class of two-dimensional （2D） cloaks with polygon geometries. Explicit expressions of transformed medium parameters are derived with their unique properties investigated. It is found that the elements of diagonalized permittivity tensors are always positive within an irregular polygon cloak besides one element diverges to plus infinity and the other two become zero at the inner boundary. At most positions, the principle axes of permittivity tensors do not align with position vectors. An irregular polygon cloak is designed and its invisibility to external electromagnetic waves is numerically verified. Since polygon cloaks can be tailored to resemble any objects, the transformation is finally generalized to the realization of 2D cloaks with arbitrary geometries.     

Transformation Electrics: Cloaking and Rotating Electric Current

Transformation optics provides great versatility for precisely manipulating electromagnetic waves. It has been extended to other fields including acoustics, thermotics, and electrics. Taking advantage of the transformation electrics method, we demonstrate that the square-shaped cloak can guide electric current around the cloaked region smoothly without perturbing the exterior electric current. And the cylindrical rotator can rotate the electric current.Inside the enclosed domain of the rotator, the electric current from the outside will appear as if it is coming from a different angle. Finally, the related experimental realizations and potential applications are also discussed.     

Electromagnetic analysis of cylindrical cloaks of an arbitrary cross section

We extend the design of radially symmetric invisibility cloaks through transformation optics as proposed by Pendry et al. [Science 312, 1780 (2006)] to coated cylinders of an arbitrary cross section. The validity of our Fourier-based approach is confirmed by both analytical and numerical results for a cloak displaying a non-convex cross section of varying thickness. In the former case, we evaluate the Green's function of a line source in the transformed coordinates. In the latter case, we implement a full-wave finite-element model for a cylindrical antenna radiating a p-polarized electric field in the presence of a F-shaped lossy object surrounded by the cloak.     

Macroscopic invisibility cloak for visible light

Invisibility cloaks, a subject that usually occurs in science fiction and myths, have attracted wide interest recently because of their possible realization. The biggest challenge to true invisibility is known to be the cloaking of a macroscopic object in the broad range of wavelengths visible to the human eye. Here we experimentally solve this problem by incorporating the principle of transformation optics into a conventional optical lens fabrication with low-cost materials and simple manufacturing techniques. A transparent cloak made of two pieces of calcite is created. This cloak is able to conceal a macroscopic object with a maximum height of 2 mm, larger than 3500 free-space-wavelength, inside a transparent liquid environment. Its working bandwidth encompassing red, green, and blue light is also demonstrated.     

Acoustic cloaking by a superlens with single-negative materials

We propose a specific transformation in cloaking to make an acoustic sensor undetectable, in which the cloaking shell consists of complementary media with single-negative acoustic parameters instead of double-negative ones, and is proved to be a magnifying superlens. Moreover, the acoustical parameters of the cloak are completely independent of those of the host material as well as the cloaked object. This may significantly facilitate the experimental realization of acoustic cloaks and is of fundamental importance in a wide range of acoustics, optics, and engineering applications.     

Experiments on elastic cloaking in thin plates

Following a theoretical proposal [M. Farhat et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 024301 (2009)], we design, fabricate, and characterize a cloaking structure for elastic waves in 1?mm thin structured polymer plates. The cloak consists of 20 concentric rings of 16 different metamaterials, each being a tailored composite of polyvinyl chloride and polydimethylsiloxane. By using stroboscopic imaging with a camera from the direction normal to the plate, we record movies of the elastic waves for monochromatic plane-wave excitation. We observe good cloaking behavior for carrier frequencies in the range from 200 to 400?Hz (one octave), in good agreement with a complete continuum-mechanics numerical treatment. This system is thus ideally suited for demonstration experiments conveying the ideas of transformation optics.     

非均匀背景中任意柱状热斗篷的研究与设计

在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法严格推导出在层状背景和渐变背景下二维任意形状热斗篷导热系数的通解表达式,并在此基础上设计出非均匀背景下二维非共形热斗篷.全波仿真结果表明:在不同背景下,热流均能绕过保护区域流出,保护区域的温度保持不变,而且热斗篷外的温度场并没有破坏,具有很好的热保护和热隐身的效果.这一方法考虑到背景的复杂性,更加贴近工程实际应用,为未来灵活控制热流传递提供了一种可行的方法,对目标热隐身和热保护具有重要借鉴意义.     

A feasible approach to achieve acoustic carpet cloak in air

A type of acoustic carpet cloak has been theoretically designed and numerically implemented in air using steel/air composites. By using the effective medium theory, the effective density and bulk modulus of the composite material are designed to agree with the spatially variant parameters calculated from the coordinate transformation approach. Great cloaking performance is achieved as an object is well hidden under a sound reflective surface in a wide frequency range. It has also been shown that sound can be effectively manipulated using the proposed composite materials because of its low complexity.     

Carpet Cloak Design for Rough Surfaces

Conventional carpet cloak structures have been utilized to conceal the objects located on a planar perfect electric conductor surface. We systematically investigate hiding arbitrarily shaped objects on a rough surface, as a more general and practical scenario. In addition, the required cloak is designed considering different boundary conditions for the surface beneath the object, despite the previous studies. To achieve an invisibility cloak, taking advantage of linear coordinate transformation, a simple homogeneous material is obtained to realize the cloak structure, facilitating the fabrication processes. Numerical simulations validate the performance of the proposed cloaking method. Therefore, the proposed structure is capable of cloaking in more general and complicated scenarios.     

Invisibility of a metamaterial cloak illuminated by spherical electromagnetic wave

In this paper, the invisibility of a metamaterial cloak illuminated by spherical electromagnetic wave is analytically investigated based on the full wave Mie scattering model. It is shown that for a cloak with ideal parameters the scattered field intensity is zero, but for a cloak with a loss, only the backscattering is exactly zero. Moreover, in the loss case, the scattered field intensity increases as the loss increases, which is very different from that in the conventional stealth case, where the scattered field intensity decreases as the loss of coated material increases. In addition, it is shown that scattering cross-section of the cloak with perturbed parameters decreases as the thickness of the cloak decreases, which means that thinner cloak can exhibit more stable invisibility.     

基于变换热力学的三维任意形状热斗篷设计

在变换热力学的基础上,通过坐标变换的方法,推导出三维任意形状热斗篷导热系数的通解表达式,并进行了全波仿真验证.结果表明:热流均能绕过保护区域流出,保护区域的温度保持不变,而且热斗篷外的温度场并没有破坏,具有很好的热保护和热隐身的效果.这一方法把变换热力学从二维拓展到三维,具有普遍的适用性.同时,这种技术为热流流动路径和目标温度场的控制奠定了理论基础,在微芯片、电动机的保护以及目标热隐身上有潜在应用.     

Finite elements modelling of scattering problems for flexural waves in thin plates: Application to elliptic invisibility cloaks,rotators and the mirage effect

We propose a finite elements algorithm to solve a fourth order partial differential equation governing the propagation of time-harmonic bending waves in thin elastic plates. Specially designed perfectly matched layers are implemented to deal with the infinite extent of the plates. These are deduced from a geometric transform in the biharmonic equation. To numerically illustrate the power of elastodynamic transformations, we analyze the elastic response of an elliptic invisibility cloak surrounding a clamped obstacle in the presence of a cylindrical excitation i.e. a concentrated point force. Elliptic cloaking for flexural waves involves a density and an orthotropic Young’s modulus which depend on the radial and azimuthal positions, as deduced from a coordinates transformation for circular cloaks in the spirit of Pendry et al. [Science 312, 1780 (2006)], but with a further stretch of a coordinate axis. We find that a wave radiated by a concentrated point force located a couple of wavelengths away from the cloak is almost unperturbed in magnitude and in phase. However, when the point force lies within the coating, it seems to radiate from a shifted location. Finally, we emphasize the versatility of transformation elastodynamics with the design of an elliptic cloak which rotates the wavevector of a flexural wave within its core.