The Ornstein-Zernike equation for a fluid in contact with a surface

(Molecular Physics, 1976, 31, 1291)     

A unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics. Part IIb. Stable equilibrium states

Part IIb presents some of the most important theorems for stable equilibrium states that can be deduced from the four postulates of the unified theory presented in Part I. It is shown for the first time that the canonical and grand canonical distributions are the only distributions that are stable. Moreover, it is shown that reversible adiabatic processes exist which cannot be described by the dynamical equation of quantum mechanics. A number of conditions are discussed that must be satisfied by the general equation of motion which is yet to be discovered.Part I of this paper appeared inFound. Phys. 6(1), 15 (1976). Part IIa appeared inFound. Phys. 6(2), 127 (1976). The numbering of the sections, equations, and references in this part of the paper continues from those in Part IIa.     

Low-temperature mobility due to unscreened charged impurities in compensated semiconductors

For the problem of electron scattering on charged unscreened impurities, the scattering rate is calculated self-consistently. The resulting low-temperature mobility is only, slightly temperature dependent and differs from an analogous result of Fujita et al. (J. Phys. Chem. Sol.37 (1976), 227) and Zubarev et al. (Sol. State Commun.21 (1977), 565) by just a change of a numerical constant.     

Balance equations for micromorphic materials

The balance laws for micromorphic continua of degree 1 are derived by means of classical statistical mechanics. The equations derived by Eringenet al. [Continuum Physics, Vol. IV (Academic, New York, 1976)] are obtained in a slightly generalized form. Explicit expressions for the stress, the couple stress, the spin production, and the heat flux are given in terms of microscopical variables.     

A tunable laser at λ=3.39 μm with line width of 7 Hz used in investigating a hyperfine structure of theF 2 (2) line of methane

A laser spectrometer is described which was used in exploring resonance shapes of about 1000 Hz width in methane in the region of low absorption of about 10⁻⁶ cm⁻¹. We report on first measurements of relative intensities of hyperfine components of theF ₂ ⁽²⁾ line in methane, on direct observations of line splitting due to a recoil effect and of a non-linear dependence of collisional broadening of resonances in the transit region, and on observation of an anomalous Zeeman effect in hyperfine components in a longitudinal magnetic field. The results of this work were summarized by one of the authors (V.C.) at the 2nd Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology (Boulder, Colo., USA, July 1976) and at lectures in the School Enrico Fermi (Varenna, Italy, July 1976).     

Models of Gross-Neveu type are quantization of a classical mechanics with nonlinear phase space

It is shown that the expansion in powers of 1/N characteristic of Gross-Neveu type models is of quasiclassical nature, 1/N taking part of the Planck constant. The limity classical mechanics has curved phase space that does not admit introduction of naturally canonically conjugated coordinates.Talk given at the Rochester conference, Tbilisi, 1976     

Toward a microrealistic version of quantum mechanics. Part II

In this paper, possible objections to the propensity microrealistic version of quantum mechanics proposed in Part I are answered. This version of quantum mechanics is compared with the statistical, particle, microrealistic viewpoint, and a crucial experiment is proposed designed to distinguish between these two microrealistic versions of quantum mechanics.Part I of this paper appeared inFound. Phys. 6, 275 (1976).     

Comment on the determination of the intermolecular potential energy function of neon from spectroscopic,equilibrium and transport data

A quantum-mechanical treatment of the dynamics of relaxation of a twolevel mode coupled to a thermal bath is presented. The Zwanzig-Mori projection-operator formalism is employed to derive exact equations of motion for the correlation function and the excess population , where and are the coordinate and number operators associated with the two-level mode. In the van Hove weak-coupling limit it is shown that |G _ν|² and Δn decay exponentially with time constants τ and τ′, respectively. Explicit expressions for τ and τ′ are determined and the relationship between them clearly established. The application of the model to the specific problem of the effects of vibrational relaxation on isotropic Raman spectral lineshapes in dense media is emphasized.     

New nondestructive tests,from frames

The usefulness (Lubkin, 1976; Lubkin and Lubkin, 1979) ofB-plexes, an extension of Dirac's familiar observable (Dirac, 1947), is illustrated in a computation of all nondestructive tests over a system of finite ket-space dimensionn. These are tests whoseB outcomes are proportional to corresponding pure final states. The unitary motions of the system and aB-dimensional register, which effect such tests, depend very simply onn vectors from a frame inB-space. CaseB>n is not empty, and so presents nondestructive testing with nonorthogonal final states. The step where reduction of the wave packet happens, equivalently, computation of an Everett relative state, is given in an Appendix.     

Longitudinal study on patent citations to academic research articles in nanotechnology (1976–2004)

Academic nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) research provides a foundation for nanotechnology innovation reflected in patents. About 60% or about 50,000 of the NSE-related patents identified by “full-text” keyword searching between 1976 and 2004 at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) have an average of approximately 18 academic citations. The most cited academic journals, individual researchers, and research articles have been evaluated as sources of technology innovation in the NSE area over the 28-year period. Each of the most influential articles was cited about 90 times on the average, while the most influential author was cited more than 700 times by the NSE-related patents. Thirteen mainstream journals accounted for about 20% of all citations. Science, Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) have consistently been the top three most cited journals, with each article being cited three times on average. There is another kind of influential journals, represented by Biosystems and Origin of Life, which have very few articles cited but with exceptionally high frequencies. The number of academic citations per year from ten most cited journals has increased by over 17 times in the interval (1990–1999) as compared to (1976–1989), and again over 3 times in the interval (2000–2004) as compared to (1990–1999). This is an indication of increased used of academic knowledge creation in the NSE-related patents.     

The Bohm-Aharonov effect: A seven-dimensional structural group

We realize a nonfaithful representation of a seven-dimensional Lie algebra, the extension of which to its universal enveloping algebra contains most of the observables of the scattering Aharonov-Bohm effect, as essentially self-adjoint operators: the scattering Hamiltonian, the total and kinetic angular momenta, the positions and the kinetic momenta. By restriction, we obtain the model introduced in Lett. Math. Phys. 1 (1976), 155–163.     

Opacities of high temperature highZ plasmas

A procedure is described for computation of opacities for highZ plasmas. Bound-bound, bound-free, free-free and scattering processes are considered. The inputs for these have been obtained by solving IEEOS form of Saha’s equation. Detailed calculations of opacities have been done for tungsten and uranium up to 10 keV of temperature. Preliminary results have been presented at the Nucl. Phys. and Solid State Phys. Symp., Dept. of Atom. Energy, held at Ahmedabad, India (December 1976).     

Stability Analysis of Some Integrable Euler Equations for SO(n)

Abstract

A family of special cases of the integrable Euler equations on so(n) introduced by Manakov in 1976 is considered. The equilibrium points are found and their stability is studied. Heteroclinic orbits are constructed that connect unstable equilibria and are given by the orbits of certain 1-parameter subgroups of SO(n). The results are complete in the case n=4 and incomplete for n > 4.     

Climatologies of tides at mid-latitudes in the lower thermosphere

Summary Time variations of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides observed at Budrio (45°N, 12°E) in the wind structure of the lower thermosphere ((80÷110) km) throughout the period 1976–1990 are herewith represented as monthly contours of both amplitudes and phasesvs. height. The semi-diurnal tide has more marked seasonal variations, showing amplitudes generally larger than the diurnal ones ((10÷30) m/svs. (5÷15) m/s). The vertical wavelengths are longer in summer than in winter, at least below 100 km. Agreement with new numerical models for semi-diurnal tide at 50°N appears to be satisfactory.     

On a possible seasonal tidal influence of lunar cycles on precipitation data

Summary Time variations in daily precipitation data, collected at many stations in the Alps and the Po valley and grouped according to the age of lunar cycles (synodical, nodical and anomalistic), possibly reveal a tidal action. This effect differs in ?cold? and ?warm? months, indicating that vertical motions which can be connected with tidal activity have a seasonally differentiated behaviour. Time variations of a ?semi-monthly? spectral component throughout the observing period exhibit precipitation amplitude maxima in correspondence to the years (i.e. 1976) of major climatological interest.     

On the 40th anniversary of the journal X‐Ray Spectrometry

This journal, X‐Ray Spectrometry, celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. The state of the publications on X‐ray spectral analysis from 1972 onward is considered. The distribution of materials over countries is presented, as published in X‐Ray Spectrometry for 40 years, in 5‐year time intervals: 1972–1976, 1977–1981, and so on. The participation of Russian scientists contributing to the publications in this journal is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On effectiveness of Morse and Lippincott potential functions forA andX states of MgH

Molecular properties like potential curve,r-centroids, dissociation energy for theA ²II-X ² Σ band system of MgH are studied using Morse and Lippincott functions. Calculations for potential curve and dissociation energy indicate that the Lippincott function is not very appropriate forA andX states of MgH.r-centroids calculated using graphical as well as numerical methods agree well with each other. A smooth relationship between wavelength andr-centroid is obtained. Based on the dissertation submitted to the South Gujarat University by GKP in partial fulfilment of M. Phil. degree, 1976.     

Assessment of the thermodynamic dimension of the stacking fault energy

Especially with respect to high Mn and other austenitic TRansformation and/or TWinning Induced Plasticity (TRIP/TWIP) steels, it is a current trend to model the stacking fault energy of a stacking fault that is formed by plastic deformation with an equilibrium thermodynamic formalism as proposed by Olson and Cohen in 1976. In the present paper, this formalism is critically discussed and its ambiguity is stressed. Suggestions are made, how the stacking fault energy and its relation to the formation of hexagonal ?-martensite might be treated appropriately. It is further emphasized that a thermodynamic treatment of deformation-induced stacking fault phenomena always faces some ambiguity. However, an alternative thermodynamic approach to stacking faults, twinning and the formation of ?-martensite in austenitic steels might rationalize the specific stacking fault arrangements encountered during deformation of TRIP/TWIP alloys.     

Dipionic decays of psions in a local derivative coupling model

A local derivative coupling model is used to study theφ′→ππ and other dipionic decays ofφ andφ″, as an alternative to theε-model. The results obtained are quite satisfactory. We findt hat the existence of theε-resonance is not essential in order to understand the dipionic decays of the psions at the present level of experimental data available. A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the 3rd High Energy Phys. Symp. held in Nov. 1976 at Bhubaneswar.