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高超临界雷诺数区间内二维圆柱绕流的实测研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实测强风工况下高度167 m的徐州彭城电厂冷却塔的表面风荷载,并归纳历史上其他研究人员给出的实测结果,以丰富高超临界雷诺数(Re)区间二维圆柱绕流的试验成果.在低湍流度均匀流场和高湍流度大气边界层流场中分别开展4种风速8类粗糙度条件下的冷却塔刚性模型测压风洞试验,通过对比低雷诺数(Re=2.1×10~5—4.19×10~5)条件下的风洞试验结果和高雷诺数(Re=5.4×10~7—1×10~8)条件下的现场实测结果研究各种静动态绕流特征随雷诺数的变化规律,重点考察雷诺数无关现象的产生条件.研究结果表明,对于物表相对粗糙度在0.01以上的圆柱绕流,雷诺数不相关现象存在于很宽的雷诺数范围(2×10~5Re1×10~8)内;增大来流湍流度亦能引起的雷诺数无关现象,但此时该现象可能仅存在于一个较窄的低雷诺数范围内. 相似文献
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Pipe-like confinements are ubiquitously encountered by microswimmers.Here we systematically study the ratio of the speeds of a force-and torque-free microswimmer swimming in the center of a cylindrical pipe to its speed in an unbounded fluid(speed ratio).Inspired by E.coli,the model swimmer consists of a cylindrical head and a double-helical tail connected to the head by a rotating virtual motor.The numerical simulation shows that depending on swimmer geometry,confinements can enhance or hinder the swimming speed,which is verified by Reynolds number matched experiments.We further developed a reduced model.The model shows that the swimmer with a moderately long,slender head and a moderately long tail experiences the greatest speed enhancement,whereas the theoretical speed ratio has no upper limit.The properties of the virtual motor also affect the speed ratio,namely,the constant-frequency motor generates a greater speed ratio compared to the constant-torque motor. 相似文献
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达朗贝尔佯谬和斯托克斯佯谬是流体力学经典内容之一;也是实际教学中较易混淆的知识点. 本文以无界均匀流场中圆球绕流为例;以对比的方式给出有势流动和低雷诺数流动的核心假设、方程的导出、流场速度和压强分布的解析解等;并以云图量化两种流动的区别;厘清问题的假设如何导致了达朗贝尔佯谬和斯托克斯佯谬的产生. 将生动的佯谬与繁多的公式推导紧密结合;有助于学生激发追本溯源的好奇心、进而深化对理论及其局限性的理解. 相似文献
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针对低磁雷诺数方法的适用性问题,分析了当前低磁雷诺数条件应用上存在分歧以及全磁流体力学方法在高超声速领域局限性产生的原理.在低磁雷诺磁流体力学控制数值模拟方法的基础上,基于感应电流积分计算磁矢量势,考虑截断因子对计算域的缩减,提出了一种考虑感应磁场修正的低磁雷诺数磁流体力学计算方法,并加以验证.结合RAM-C钝锥体试验飞行状态数值模拟,分析了\"忽略感应磁场\"造成的计算偏差,探讨了\"低磁雷诺数假设\"在高超声速领域的使用原则.研究表明:1)本文建立的修正计算方法,突破低磁雷诺数条件的限制,拓展了低磁雷诺数方法在高超声速领域的适用性和应用范围,数值模拟结果可信度高,同时通过积分区域限制等方法使计算效率得到了较大的提升; 2)高超声速流动过程中感应磁场的影响,在宏观上表现为对外加磁场的削弱和扭曲,一定程度上降低了磁控效果;本文计算条件下,\"Rem <0.1\"的低磁雷诺数条件可能过于保守,建议取为Rem <1.0,同时其特征电导率和特征尺度应综合考虑实际的等离子体分布. 相似文献
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A simple and very efficient gas jet levitation technique for levitating inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets has been developed. A low velocity gas jet through diverging nozzle generates precisely controlled low Reynolds number flow pattern, capable of levitating polymer microballoons up to 2500 μm diameter. Different shaped diverging nozzle are investigated, satisfactory levitation is achieved with simple conical shapes. With this setup microballoon can be levitated for hours with excellent stability, continuous rotation and at the desired height (reproducible with in less than 100 μm). The height of stabilization depends upon cone angle of diverging nozzle and velocity of levitating gas. This technique is very robust and highly insensitive to external disturbances like nonuniform temperature fields and vibrations. This setup is very economical to fabricate, easy to operate and can be used efficiently in various spray coating application involving plastic and metallic layers on microballoons. 相似文献
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逆压梯度下层流分离泡转捩的大涡模拟 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
本文采用有限体积法,发展了适合复杂几何边界条件的可压缩流动大涡模拟程序,通过对槽道湍流的计算,验证了程序的可靠性。对低雷诺数、逆压梯度环境中的层流分离泡转捩现象进行了数值模拟,分析了其统计特性及大尺度相干结构的演化规律.初步的结果表明:大涡模拟可以很好地处理层流分离泡转捩问题,既能给出满意的统计平均结果,又可以通过相干结构的演化细致描述分离泡转捩的动力学过程。 相似文献
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Huayi Huang Yunqing Huang & Qili Tang 《advances in applied mathematics and mechanics.》2023,15(5):1142-1165
In this paper, we propose a variational multiscale method (VMM) for thestationary incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations. This method is definedby large-scale spaces for the velocity field and the magnetic field, which aims to solveflows at high Reynolds numbers. We provide a new VMM formulation and proveits stability and convergence. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented toindicate the optimal convergence of our method. 相似文献
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低雷诺数下周期性尾迹/层流分离泡相互作用的大涡模拟 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文采用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对低雷诺数条件下周期性尾迹/层流分离泡的相互作用进行了数值模拟.计算域入口尾迹采用独立计算的平面尾迹流给出.对周期性尾迹作用下的层流分离泡进行了统计特性及瞬态流场分析,并与相同条件下的无尾迹流动进行比较.计算结果表明:在尾迹作用下,时均层流分离泡长度明显缩短,分离泡变小;相位平均的分离点/再附点随时间不断变化;从瞬态结果容易看出,尾迹诱导的流向涡结构是导致分离泡提前转捩的主要原因. 相似文献
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Ana Mateos‐Maroto Francisco Ortega Ramn G. Rubio Jean‐Franois Berret Fernando Martínez‐Pedrero 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2019,36(10)
Two real‐time methods to transport magnetic nanowires confined in giant hybrid vesicles upon the application of different strategies are studied. The microscale carriers are either magnetically guided through the viscous medium by a nonhomogenous field or advected by precisely monitored hydrodynamic flows. The slender geometry of the magnetic component enables the application of large torques, the in situ characterization of the rotational dynamics, as well as the guided propulsion via the continuous thrust of the nanowire tip on the confining bilayer. The flexibility of the vesicles, required to deform along the steering direction during passage through microscale openings, is enhanced via the adsorption of nonionic surfactants on the lipid membrane. The resulting integrated system is an excellent candidate to transport colloidal cargos or fluid amounts of some picoliters in microfluidic platforms, even in physiological environments, since it combines the maneuverability of propelled microscopic systems and the protection conferred by the vesicle. 相似文献
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满足空间反射时间反演parity and time-reversal(PT)联合对称性的库源平衡宏观开放系统近几年成为一个研究热点.本文将PT对称性引入到动力学系统,用格子玻尔兹曼方法求解Navier-Stokes方程,发现在二维黏性流体中,如果进口和出口的条件完全等同,在低雷诺数流动中,流场的PT对称函数(ρ)随雷诺数(Re)的增高以ρn~Ren指数增长.用三种不同的速度剖面来驱动流体,计算流场达到稳定状态时的PT对称性.结果发现,进出口平衡的黏性管流中,ρn~Ren的规律在三种驱动模式中出现,表明流场的PT对称性是由流体本身决定的,与驱动模式没有关系,从此论证所得到的指数率的谱适性. 相似文献
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Recently, the optical field driving mechanism is emerging in the manipulation of small-scale soft robots due to its remote, wireless, and selective control capabilities. Among the light-responsive materials, carbon has exhibited great potentials as light-driven actuators due to its good light absorption ability, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength. Taking advantage of the carbon materials, various carbon-based actuators are reported with efficient, fast response, and stable actuating performance. Hence, carbon-based actuators are widely applied in robotic applications controlled by external light irradiation. This review summarizes the principle actuating mechanism of carbon-based actuators and focuses on the analysis of the robotization and application mechanisms. The locomotion implemented by the carbon-based actuators is discussed by analyzing the robot structure designs and light exposing approaches, accompanied with corresponding force analysis. Moreover, various applications of carbon-based actuators are reviewed with mechanism discussion. Furthermore, the challenges, including the perspectives of the robotization and applications of carbon-based actuators, are discussed for further development and robotic utilization of carbon-based materials. 相似文献
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Djurdje Cvijovi? 《Physica A》2010,389(8):1594-1600
Lee, in a series of papers, described a unified formulation of the statistical thermodynamics of ideal quantum gases in terms of the polylogarithm functions, . It is aimed here to investigate the functions , for s=0,−1,−2,…, which are, following Lee, referred to as the polypseudologarithms (or polypseudologs) of order n≡−s. Various known results regarding polypseudologs, mainly obtained in widely differing contexts and currently scattered throughout the literature, have been brought together along with many new results and insights and they all have been proved in a simple and unified manner. In addition, a new general explicit closed-form formula for these functions involving the Carlitz-Scoville higher tangent numbers has been established. 相似文献
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高能重离子碰撞中的参与者数和核子-核子碰撞数 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用核-核碰撞的Glauber模型, 给出了高能重离子碰撞中的参与者数和核子-核子碰撞数随碰撞参数的分布方程, 并用其讨论了{sNN}1/2=200GeV的Au+Au碰撞中的参与者数与核子-核子碰撞数随对心度的变化关系, 所得结果与PHENIX合作组所给出的实验结果符合得很好.关键词:Glauber 模型参与者数核子-核子碰撞数 相似文献
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Models for averaged shock corrugation effects and the impact of turbulent entropy or acoustic modes on the energy equation are presented, for application in Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) simulations of shock-turbulence interactions. Unlike previous work that has focused the modification of turbulent statistics by the shock, the proposed models are introduced to capture the effects of the turbulence on the profiles of primitive variables - mean density, velocity, and pressure. By producing accurate profiles for the primitive variables, it is shown that the proposed models improve numerical convergence behaviour with mesh refinement about a shock, and introduce the physical effects of shock asphericity in a converging shock geometry. These effects are achieved by local closures to turbulent statistics in the averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and can be applied in conjunction with existing Reynolds stress closures that have been constructed for broader applications beyond shock-turbulence interactions. 相似文献
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E-measure混沌摆的数学解析与运动方程 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
首先阐述了混沌摆的科学描述;其次对混沌摆进行了数学解析,分析了瞬衰解和稳态解的作用;然后构建了混沌摆的运动方程。得到了E-measure混沌摆实验必须满足的两个前提条件;加深了对混沌现象的深入了解。 相似文献