具有不同时滞的捕食者-食饵恒化器模型的定性分析

研究了一类具有两个不同时滞的捕食-食饵恒化器模型,其中功能反应函数采用Monod型.应用时滞微分方程的特征方程理论对模型进行分析,得到了系统边界平衡点稳定和不稳定的充分条件.对于两个不同时滞对系统正平衡点的影响,利用稳定性开关理论和分支理论,得到了时滞变化时系统发生稳定开关和出现hopf分支的充分条件.最后,通过数值模拟对文中主要结论进行了验证.     

具有HollingⅡ型功能反应的捕-食模型的定性分析及最优收获策略

利用微分方程的定性理论和Pontryagin最大值原理,讨论了一类食饵-捕食者种群都具有密度制约并且都具有收获的HollingⅡ型功能反应模型的性质,得到了存在边界平衡点、唯一正平衡点及各平衡点全局渐进稳定的条件,分析了相应的生物学意义,给出了最优可持续收获策略,并且用mathematica对特定参数下的系统进行了模拟.     

基于两斑块和迁移的SIRS传染病模型的稳定性分析

根据传染病动力学原理,考虑人口在两斑块上流动且具有非线性传染率,建立一类基于两斑块和迁移的SIRS传染病模型.利用常微分方程定性与稳定性方法,分析非负平衡点的存在性,通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数,获得无病平衡点和地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件.研究结果表明:基本再生数是决定疾病流行与否的阀值,当基本再生数小于等于1时,疾病逐渐消失;当基本再生数大于1且疾病主导再生数大于1时,疾病持续流行并将成为一种地方病.     

一类具有标准发生率的SIS传染病模型的全局稳定性

研究一类具有标准发生率的SIS传染病模型.应用微分方程定性理论,分别给出了保证该系统地方病平衡点、无病平衡点和总人口消亡平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件.     

基于两斑块和人口流动的SIR传染病模型的稳定性

根据传染病动力学原理,考虑人口在两斑块上流动且具有非线性传染率,建立了一类基于两斑块和人口流动的SIR传染病模型.利用常微分方程定性与稳定性方法,分析了模型永久持续性和非负平衡点的存在性,通过构造适当的Lyapunov函数和极限系统理论,获得无病平衡点和地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件.研究结果表明:基本再生数是决定疾病流行与否的阈值,当基本再生数小于等于1时,感染者逐渐消失,病毒趋于灭绝;当基本再生数大于1并满足永久持续条件时,感染者持续存在且病毒持续流行并将成为一种地方病.     

基于网络的一类分数阶微分方程耦合系统的稳定分析（英文）

本文研究顶点由两个分数阶微分方程构建的新耦合模型的稳定问题.通过使用构建Lyapunov函数思想和耦合系统的图论,得到新模型的平衡点Mittag-Leffler稳定的充分条件,并且举例阐述了主要结论的应用性.     

一类具有垂直传染与接种的DS—I—R传染病模型研究

本文研究了-类具有垂直传染与接种的疾病在多个易感群体中传播的DS-I-R传染病模型,得到了疾病流行的阈值.运用微分方程定性与稳定性理论分析了无病平衡点的局部稳定与全局渐近稳定性及存在唯一地方病平衡点与其全局渐近稳定性.     

一类具有时滞的流行病模型分析

讨论了一类带有时滞的SE IS流行病模型,并讨论了阈值、平衡点和稳定性.模型是一个具有确定潜伏期的时滞微分方程模型,在这里我们得到了各类平衡点存在条件的阈值R0;当R0<1时,只有无病平衡点P0,且是全局渐近稳定的;当R0>1时,除无病平衡点外还存在唯一的地方病平衡点Pe,且该平衡点是绝对稳定的.     

具有内生寿命模型中的多重增长路径与分歧

本文将S-形生存概率函数引入Chakraborty内生寿命模型,研究模型的动态特征.文中证明描述模型的离散动力系统至少存在一个非零平衡,至多存在三个非零平衡点,并在给的参数下出现鞍结点分歧.在出现三个非零平衡点的情形下,较高人均资本处的平衡处的生存概率较高,而较低人均资本处的生存概率较低,这两个平衡点是稳定的;处于这两个平衡点之间的平衡点是不稳定的.此时,模型描述的经济具有多重增长路径,并出现"贫困陷阱".     

一类具有非线性发生率的SIR传染病模型的全局稳定性

研究一类具有非线性发生率的SIR传染病模型.应用微分方程定性理论分别得到了该系统无病平衡点、地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件,并进行了数值模拟.     

On stabilization of an elastic system by fast-oscillating time-variant feedback

We study a class of elastic systems described by a (hyperbolic) second-order partial differential equation. Our working example is the equation of a vibrating string subject to a destabilizing linear disturbance. Our main goal is to establish conditions for stabilization and asymptotic stabilization of the equilibrium configuration of the string by applying to it fast oscillating controlled force. In the first situation studied we assume that the string is subject to damping; after that we consider the same system without damping. We extend the tools of high-order averaging and of chronological calculus for studying the stability of this distributed parameter system.     

一类微生物种群生态数学模型的Hopf分支

讨论了一类具有二阶生长速率的微生物菌群生态数学模型。运用常微分方程空间定性理论的手法,在四维相空间中对该模型进行了深入讨论,判定了平衡点的类型及稳定性,分析了正平衡点的存在及成为O+吸引子的条件。最后讨论了系统小扰动下产生Hopf分支的问题。     

Dynamics of a predator–prey system with inducible defense and disease in the prey

Establishing and researching a population dynamical model based on the differential equation is of great significance. In this paper, a predator–prey system with inducible defense and disease in the prey is built from biological evolution and Eco-epidemiology. The effect of disease on population stability in the predator–prey system with inducible defense is studied. Firstly, we verify the positivity and uniform boundedness of the solutions of the system. Then the existence and stability of the equilibria are studied. There are no more than nine equilibrium points in the system. We use a sophisticated parameter transformation to study the properties of the coexistence equilibrium points of the system. A sufficient condition is established for the existence of Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulations are performed to make analytical studies more complete.     

关于趋化性的O-S型方程定态解的稳定性

本文利用由线性逼近得到稳定性的相关理论,通过对平衡点进行稳定性分析,讨论了一类趋化性方程常定态的稳定性.文中给出了相应的稳定性判别准则,并将这些结果应用于一些重要的生物模型.     

Analysis of a delayed and diffusive oncolytic M1 virotherapy model with immune response

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising therapeutic approach that uses replication-competent viruses to target and kill tumor cells. Alphavirus M1 is a selective oncolytic virus which showed high efficacy against tumor cells. Wang et al. (2016) studied an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model to verify the potent efficacy of M1 virus. Our purpose is to extend their model to include the effect of time delays and anti-tumor immune response. Also, we assume that all elements of the extended model undergo diffusion in a bounded domain. We study the existence, non-negativity and boundedness of solutions in order to verify the well-posedness of the model. We calculate all possible equilibrium points and determine the threshold conditions required for their existence and stability. These points reflect three different fates for OVT: partial success, complete success, or complete failure. We prove the global asymptotic stability of all equilibrium points by constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals, and verify the corresponding instability conditions. We conduct some numerical simulations to confirm the analytical results and show the crucial role of time delays and immune response in the success of OVT.     

Two differential equation systems for equality-constrained optimization

This paper presents two differential systems, involving first and second order derivatives of problem functions, respectively, for solving equality-constrained optimization problems. Local minimizers to the optimization problems are proved to be asymptotically stable equilibrium points of the two differential systems. First, the Euler discrete schemes with constant stepsizes for the two differential systems are presented and their convergence theorems are demonstrated. Second, we construct algorithms in which directions are computed by these two systems and the stepsizes are generated by Armijo line search to solve the original equality-constrained optimization problem. The constructed algorithms and the Runge–Kutta method are employed to solve the Euler discrete schemes and the differential equation systems, respectively. We prove that the discrete scheme based on the differential equation system with the second order information has the locally quadratic convergence rate under the local Lipschitz condition. The numerical results given here show that Runge–Kutta method has better stability and higher precision and the numerical method based on the differential equation system with the second information is faster than the other one.     

求解约束优化问题的两个微分方程算法

本文给出求解具有等式约束和不等式约束的非线性优化问题的一阶信息和二阶信息的两个微分方程系统,问题的局部最优解是这两个微分方程系统的渐近稳定的平衡点,给出了这两个微分方程系统的Euler离散迭代格式并证明了它们的收敛性定理,用龙格库塔法分别求解两个微分方程系统．我们构造了搜索方向由两个微分系统计算,步长采用Armijo线搜索的算法分别求解这个约束最优化问题,在局部Lipschitz条件下基于二阶信息的微分方程系统的迭代方法具有二阶的收敛速度。我们给出的数值结果表明龙格库塔的微分方程算法具有较好的稳定性和更高的精确度,求解二阶信息的微分方程系统的方法具有更快的收敛速度．     

A Zubov’s method for stochastic differential equations

We consider a stochastic differential equation with an asymptotically stable equilibrium point. We show that the domain of attraction of the equilibrium, i.e. the set of points which are attracted with positive probability to it, can be characterized by the solution of a suitable partial differential equation.     

Hopf bifurcations in a predator–prey system with a discrete delay and a distributed delay

A delayed Lotka–Volterra two-species predator–prey system with discrete hunting delay and distributed maturation delay for the predator population described by an integral with a strong delay kernel is considered. By linearizing the system at the positive equilibrium and analyzing the associated characteristic equation, the asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium is investigated and Hopf bifurcations are demonstrated. It is found that under suitable conditions on the parameters the positive equilibrium is asymptotically stable when the hunting delay is less than a certain critical value and unstable when the hunting delay is greater than this critical value. Meanwhile, according to the Hopf bifurcation theorem for functional differential equations (FDEs), we find that the system can also undergo a Hopf bifurcation of nonconstant periodic solution at the positive equilibrium when the hunting delay crosses through a sequence of critical values. In particular, by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold reduction for FDEs, an explicit algorithm determining the direction of Hopf bifurcations and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions occurring through Hopf bifurcations is given. Finally, to verify our theoretical predictions, some numerical simulations are also included at the end of this paper.     

Dynamical systems and variational inequalities

The variational inequality problem has been utilized to formulate and study a plethora of competitive equilibrium problems in different disciplines, ranging from oligopolistic market equilibrium problems to traffic network equilibrium problems. In this paper we consider for a given variational inequality a naturally related ordinary differential equation. The ordinary differential equations that arise are nonstandard because of discontinuities that appear in the dynamics. These discontinuities are due to the constraints associated with the feasible region of the variational inequality problem. The goals of the paper are two-fold. The first goal is to demonstrate that although non-standard, many of the important quantitative and qualitative properties of ordinary differential equations that hold under the standard conditions, such as Lipschitz continuity type conditions, apply here as well. This is important from the point of view of modeling, since it suggests (at least under some appropriate conditions) that these ordinary differential equations may serve as dynamical models. The second goal is to prove convergence for a class of numerical schemes designed to approximate solutions to a given variational inequality. This is done by exploiting the equivalence between the stationary points of the associated ordinary differential equation and the solutions of the variational inequality problem. It can be expected that the techniques described in this paper will be useful for more elaborate dynamical models, such as stochastic models, and that the connection between such dynamical models and the solutions to the variational inequalities will provide a deeper understanding of equilibrium problems.