固体的统一弹、粘、塑性理论

提出了一个弹、粘、塑性统一理论,可用以计算在任意受力过程下物体各点弹、粘、塑性的变化情况.理论的基础是热力学定律及虚弹性假设.文中导出本构关系以及有关的变分原理,由此容易推导空间-时间的有限元构式.值得指出,适当选取文中的物质常数,可以得出类似于当前习用的塑性本构关系.     

有限变形下的混凝土动态本构关系研究

讨论有限变形和小变形假设下本构关系的区别,并将其运用于混凝土的弹-粘塑性本构关系研究,提出了一个应变率相关的动态力学模型．模型基于Ottosen的4参数屈服准则,分别考虑混凝土在硬化阶段和软化阶段加载面的不同变化规律,建立冲击荷载下的混凝土本构关系．该模型可以应用于冲击载荷下混凝土材料响应的模拟．引进Green-Naghdi客观率建立有限变形的混凝土模型．根据大量实验结果对应变率和材料强度的关系提出合理假设,使模型可以反映混凝土大变形的动态力学行为,为相关工程问题的研究提供有益的思路和有效的工具．     

韧性材料中的一个新的动态孔洞增长模型

本文提出了一个可用来描述韧性材料动态断裂过程的新模型.基体是由具有过应力形式的弹-粘塑性本构关系的材料构成.文中给出了在常等效应变率下的含孔洞材料的动态加载面及其相应的近似解析表达式.当材料单元经受球对称载荷作用时,本文的模型将退化为Carroll-Holt-Johnson模型.当材料的应变率敏感参数趋于零时,本文模型将退化为Gurson模型.本文的研究还表明,在一般情况下正交性法则是不成立的.最后,将本文模型与近年来Pan,Saje,Needleman和Perzyna等人所提出的含孔洞材料的粘塑性本构模型进行了比较.     

固体力学中的连续动态演化系统与Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程

在许多固体力学所研究的前沿性领域中,如损伤力学、细观力学、粘塑性问题、蠕变问题等,其最突出的特点就是高度非线性、本构行为的时间相关性以及动态演化性.本文应用控制理论描述这一动态演化力学系统,并结合经典力学变分原理建立相应的用于固体力学的最优控制变分原理.首先,讨论它的连续形式,即相应的Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程;然后,给出相应的数值解形式和算例.     

Ti-6242S钛合金高温循环粘塑性行为有限元模拟

采用ANSYS提供的粘塑性流动准则下的双线性各向同性硬化本构模型,考虑材料参数的温度相关性,通过单个单元有限模型对4种温度下施加相同平均应力和不同应力幅值的应力循环工况进行有限元模拟。实验与模拟结果的对比表明,该模型能够较好的地模拟高温450℃以下Ti-6242S钛合金粘塑性变形的循环累积。此外,由于该模型没有考虑循环过程中背应力的演化,对滞回环的预测不够理想,且过高预测了520℃下的粘塑性累积变形。     

梯度增强的弹塑性损伤非局部本构模型研究

简要介绍了几种主要的梯度增强非局部模型．基于“能量耗散梯度依赖”原则,在连续介质热力学框架内推导了梯度增强损伤与塑性耦合的本构关系,同时给出了一个基于塑性的损伤模型的梯度依赖本构的具体形式．在数值计算方面,结合移动最小二乘法和泰勒级数展开方法,建立了损伤场（有限元高斯积分点上）的Laplace值的近似求解格式,分别给出了二维和三维情况下的相关公式．给出的二维的韧性断裂的梯度依赖损伤塑性的数值应用,表明了格式的有效性和实用性．还讨论了内部长度的意义及取值问题．     

Oden本构关系变分原理的注记

文中评述了Oden[1]所给本构关系变分原理,说明了其欠妥性。按照Oden的思想,给出了另外两种互余的本构关系的变分原理。通过简例,说明了本构关系变分原理的应用。     

动态裂纹尖端的单参数粘塑性场

本文给出一种弹性-粘塑性本构模型代替了通常的弹塑性模型,假定在趋向裂纹尖端时粘性系数趋向于零,即η=η0r,对动态裂纹的尖端场进行了渐近分析.文中给出了适当的位移模式并得到了单参数解.对不同的Mach数和粘性系数作丁数值计算。基于这种渐近解提出一种断裂准则并讨论了裂纹扩展的稳定性.     

粘塑性问题的参数二次规划法

本文应用参变量变分方法处理Perzyna粘塑性问题,将原问题化为求解带约束条件的二次规划问题,文中具体讨论了用于该问题的有限单元形式及具体实施过程.     

简单剪切振荡现象及弹塑性本构的限制条件

基于在真应力空间刻划弹塑性物质的强化、软化和理想塑性特性,本文以刚塑性随动强化模型为例说明产生简单剪切振荡现象,是与模型在简单剪切变形下,其强化和软化特性发生交替变化的现象有关。为使弹塑性本构模型更符合实际,要求它们必须满足如下条件:即对任意弹塑性加载变形过程,本构模型所给出的应力应该是非振荡的,所描述的强化和软化特性,不存在从软化阶段至强化阶段的过渡。     

Nonlinear analysis and elastic-plastic behavior of anisotropic structures

An elastic-plastic analysis of anisotropic work-hardening materials based on a quadratic approximation of the Tsai-Wu criterion is presented. General expressions for the anisotropic parameters in the yield condition are derived for initial and subsequent yielding. Particularly, the plastic constitutive relations are expressed by means of both the flow theory as well as the deformation theory extended to anisotropic plasticity. The numerical algorithms are based upon the notion of a return mapping procedure and a consistent tangent operator valid for anisotropic elastic-plastic materials including work-hardening effects is developed. The solution equations are evaluated by consistent linearization of a nonlinear variational principle and a Newton-Raphson scheme is adopted for the iterative solution of the nonlinear problems. Numerical examples exhibit the reliable performance of the proposed algorithm in some practical calculations. The effects of anisotropy and the differences between flow and deformation theories in the obtained solutions are discussed and compared with available numerical results.     

极限分析的广义界限定理

本文研究了非连续流动场中,刚塑性介质极限分析完全解的界限问题.提出了一个包括界面条件及间断面条件在内的混合边值问题的广义变分原理,建立了极限载荷乘子的变分解析公式.并证明了一个新的界限定理,其中的场变量将不再受到屈服条件、不可压缩条件等约束的限制.此定理的推论给出了变分解与完全解之间的关系.初步应用表明,对于简单选取的场变量,由本文公式可以得到准确解的较佳界限值,结果具有较好的稳定性.     

The choice of constitutive relations for an ice cover

The constitutive relations between the internal stresses and the deformation parameters of a sea ice cover, which are used in the AIDJEX elastoplastic model and Hibler's non-linearly viscous model, are investigated. It is shown that the structural instability of the ice cover with respect to plastic shear deformations is a consequence of the associated flow rule used in these models. The use of constitutive relations which violate the associated flow rule, but which are in good agreement with the physical properties of granular media, is suggested. An ice cover damage parameter and an empirical equation which describes the change in this parameter are introduced into the treatment. Energy relations are investigated.     

Fundamentals of the theory of non-fabric glass-reinforced plastics

Starting from the known mechanical properties of the components (glass reinforcement and resin) the stress-strain relations for an anisotropic viscoelastic material (glass-reinforced plastic) are determined. Using Volterra's principle [2] of replacing the elastic constants in the solution of the problem of the theory of elasticity [5] by integral operators, relations for the given material are obtained and found to be in fairly good agreement with the experimental data. In a separate study the high-temperature behavior of GRP is investigated by calculating the integral operators, which are functions of the viscous properties of the resin and the temperature.Mekhanika polimerov, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 151–158, 1965     

Minimal representation of insurance prices

This paper prices insurance contracts by employing law invariant, coherent risk measures from mathematical finance. We demonstrate that the corresponding premium principle enjoys a minimal representation. Uniqueness–in a sense specified in the paper–of this premium principle is derived from this initial result. The representations are derived from a result by Kusuoka, which is usually given for nonatomic probability spaces. We extend this setting to premium principles for spaces with atoms, as this is of particular importance for insurance.Further, stochastic order relations are employed to identify the minimal representation. It is shown that the premium principles in the minimal representation are extremal with respect to the order relations. The tools are finally employed to explicitly provide the minimal representation for premium principles, which are important in actuarial practice.     

平面应变和反平面应变复合型裂纹尖端的各向异性塑性应力场

在裂纹尖端的理想塑性应力分量都只是θ的函数的条件下,利用平衡方程,各向异性塑性应力应变率关系、相容方程和Hill各向异性屈服条件,本文导出了平面应变和反平面应变复合型裂纹尖端的各向异性塑性应力场的一般解析表达式.将这些一般解析表达式用于复合型裂纹,我们就可以得到Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅱ-Ⅲ及Ⅰ-Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹尖端的各向异性塑性应力场的解析表达式.     

A correspondence principle connecting IBVPs of wave propagation and heat conduction

A wave-heat correspondence principle is established by utilizing previous operational relations of van der Pol and Bremmer. By the suggested procedure, heat conduction problems can be solved by using an auxiliary wave-propagation problem in conjunction with the correspondence principle. A check on this procedure was provided by solving a mixed BVP of transient heat flow. The present correspondence principle is particularly useful in dealing with IBVPs involving wedge-shaped domains, and characteristic lengths.     

Stochastic Relations and the Problem of Prior in the Principle of Maximum Entropy

In this paper we discuss the problem of prior for the maximum entropy principle. We show that stochastic relations can be used to constrain priors and in some case uniquely determine them. The principle of maximum entropy turns stochastic relations into (over)determined systems of partial difference equations for the partition function. All statistical consequences of the stochastic relations are determined by the space of solutions of the system.     

On the performance of the Prange-Hellinger-Reissner finite element formulation for elasto-plasticity at small strains

This contribution deals with a stress-displacement mixed finite element formulation for elasto-plasticity within the framework of small deformations based on the Prange-Hellinger-Reissner (PHR) functional. The interpolations for the displacements are given by standard Lagrangian shape functions and a 5-parameter discontinuous interpolation is introduced for the stresses which was published by [1]. Based on the principle of maximum plastic dissipation the flow rule and hardening law will be derived by regarding a von Mises yield criterion, see [2]. In contrast to [3], we apply a point-wise enforcement of the flow rule, hardening law and loading/unloading conditions. This work is related to the physically nonlinear mixed finite element based on the Prange-Hellinger-Reissner formulations for elasto-plasticity, [4]. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

非对称的Lax-Milgram引理对非关联塑性的一个应用

在塑性势和屈服面的广泛假设下,研究了非关联塑性的某些性质.对强化材料,通过使用非对称的Lax-Milgram引理,证明了当强化参数A>‖?F/?σ‖?Q/?σ‖-时,应力位移增量分布的存在唯一性.