黑腔中高斯型激光束偏折的模拟研究

利用三维激光等离子体相互作用流体程序LAP3D数值模拟研究了高斯光束在均匀等离子体传播过程中的激光束偏折现象,分别考察了激光强度变化和等离子体横向流的流速变化对束偏折的影响。模拟结果表明:当流速接近离子声速时,激光束偏折效应最明显,此时激光偏折程度与激光强度成正比;当流速逐渐小于离子声速时,激光束偏折行为受抑制逐渐减弱;而当流速逐渐大于离子声速时,激光光强包络的变化以衍射效应为主。     

消色散270°偏转磁铁系统设计及束流动力学研究

对三种常用结构的270°偏转磁铁进行系统的分析研究,采用数值计算和模拟方法对双磁铁不对称偏转结构、三块90°磁铁偏转结构和70°+130°+70°偏转结构这三种不同的270°偏转磁铁系统进行模拟,给出偏转系统的消色散传输条件,并且分析了束流包络在偏转系统和出口管道中的变化情况。经过分析对比,详细列出了三种结构的优势与劣势。双磁铁不对称结构适用于医用加速器,三块90°磁铁偏转结构适用于需要在出口长距离漂移的辐照加速器,而70°+130°+70°偏转结构可以满足出口一定距离的无损漂移,同时实现相对较低的成本,是工业辐照加速器较为经济适宜的选择。     

Passive vehicle suspensions employing inerters with multiple performance requirements

This paper investigates passive vehicle suspensions with inerters by considering multiple performance requirements including ride comfort, suspension deflection and tyre grip, where suspension deflection performance is novelly considered which is formulated as a part of objective functions and a constraint separately. Six suspension configurations are analyzed and the analytical solutions for each performance measure are derived. The conditions for each configuration to be strictly better than the simpler ones are obtained by presenting the analytical solutions of each configuration based on those of the simpler ones. Then, two stages of comparisons are given to show the performance limitations of suspension deflection for passive suspensions with inerters. In the first stage, it is shown that although the configurations with inerters can improve the mixed performance of ride comfort and tyre grip, the suspension deflection performance is significantly decreased simultaneously. In the second stage, it is shown that for passive suspensions with inerters, suspension deflection is the more basic limitation for both ride comfort and tyre grip performance by doing comparisons among mixed ride comfort and suspension deflection optimization, mixed ride comfort and tyre grip optimization, and mixed suspension deflection and tyre grip optimization. Finally, the problem of mixed ride comfort and tyre grip performance optimization with equal suspension deflection is investigated. The limitations of suspension deflection for each configuration are further highlighted.     

光束通过三棱镜的偏折情况再探讨

针对本科教学中学生关于三棱镜对光束偏折情况提出的疑惑,对光束通过三棱镜的多种偏折情况进行了详细分析,讨论了入射角、折射率、棱镜顶角对出射光线偏折方向的影响,给出了三棱镜的顶角和折射率的取值范围以及入射角的取值范围对光线是否能从出射边界射出,以及出射光线的偏折方向的影响,进一步讨论了光束的偏向角与三棱镜各参数之间的关系,给出了确定最小偏向角的简单方法.     

匹配高斯光束在耗散晶体中的孤波演化及偏转特性

研究了匹配的高斯光束在加外电场的耗散型光伏光折变晶体中的动态演化及其偏转特性.结果表明，对于给定的耗散系统，若该系统能支持某一特定的耗散全息屏蔽光伏明孤子，也可能找到与之相匹配的高斯光束，则该匹配的高斯光束能在此给定的耗散系统中演化成稳定的屏蔽光伏空间孤子.同时，考察了扩散效应对此匹配的高斯光束的影响，结果显示，扩散效应将造成此匹配的高斯光束孤波在演化过程中产生偏转现象，而且其偏转过程与之相对应的明孤子的偏转过程具有极其类似的特征.通过比较研究匹配的高斯光束与耗散全息屏蔽光伏明孤子的偏转特征曲线，我们发现，对于匹配的高斯光束，其空间偏转的数值计算结果与明孤子偏转的解析计算结果非常接近.总之，在耗散系统中，匹配的高斯孤波的动态演化特性(包括偏转过程)与耗散全息屏蔽光伏明孤波的演化特性是相符合的.因此，人们往往可直接用匹配的基模高斯光束代替耗散全息屏蔽光伏明孤波，为理论分析和实验研究提供了便利.     

EAST-NBI磁偏转系统束传输特性模拟研究

根据EAST-NBI偏转系统工作原理,分析了束流在偏转系统传输的基本过程和特点。利用直接蒙特卡罗方法,发展了中性束注入器束偏转区域束流传输模拟程序。结果显示:EAST-NBI磁偏转系统可很好地剥离束流中的剩余离子;束偏转区域束流再电离损失约为2.43%;束流180°偏转所带来线聚焦过程使偏转磁体磁极护板局部面临较高的热流密度。     

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为EAST装置中性束注入器设计了一套用于将剩余离子在线电偏转的结构,并对系统各设备的核心参数进行了估算。在4.41kV偏转电压作用下,该电偏转系统可提供80keV氘离子束偏转所需的偏转电场。在偏转电场调制情况下,该电偏转系统可有效降低极板表面的热负荷,进而满足EAST中性束注入器稳态运行的需要。     

中性束注入器电偏转系统的参数设计与估算研究

为EAST 装置中性束注入器设计了一套用于将剩余离子在线电偏转的结构,并对系统各设备的核心参数进行了估算。在4.41kV 偏转电压作用下,该电偏转系统可提供80keV 氘离子束偏转所需的偏转电场。在偏转电场调制情况下,该电偏转系统可有效降低极板表面的热负荷,进而满足EAST 中性束注入器稳态运行的需要。     

Sagnac interferometer for photothermal deflection spectroscopy

Photothermal deflection spectroscopy is combined with a Sagnac interferometer to enhance the sensitivity of the absorption measurement by converting the photothermal beam deflection effect into the light intensity change by the interference effect. Because of stable light interference due to the common path, the signal intensity can be amplified without increasing the noise by extending the optical path length between a sample and a photodetector. The sensitivity is further improved by the use of focusing optics and double-pass geometry. This makes photothermal deflection spectroscopy applicable to any kind of material in the whole visible region with a xenon lamp for excitation and water or air as a deflection medium.     

Reply to the comments of M.E. Golmakani and J. Rezatalab,Comment on “Nonlocal third-order shear deformation plate theory with application to bending and vibration of plates” (by R. Aghababaei and J.N. Reddy,Journal of Sound and Vibration 326 (2009) 277–289), Journal of Sound Vibration, 333 (2014) 3831–3835

Golmakani and Rezatalab [1] suggested in their paper that the deflection of a simply supported nonlocal elastic plate under uniform load is not affected by the small length scale terms. They based their proof on the use of Navier?s method using a sinusoidal-based deflection solution. This insensitivity of the deflection solution of a simply supported nonlocal elastic plate with respect to the small length terms of Eringen?s model is not correct, as already detailed in the literature (for example, see [2] for beam problems). In fact, the deflection of the nonlocal plate (in the Eringen sense) is larger than the one of the local case, as shown in many papers available in the literature. We prove in this reply to the authors that the Navier?s method has to be correctly applied for highlighting the specific sensitivity phenomenon of the deflection solution, as compared to exact analytical solution.     

非相干耦合的亮和暗光伏空间孤子对的偏转特性

采用数值方法研究了在一个具有扩散效应的光伏光折变晶体中的非相干耦合的亮和暗光伏空间孤子对的偏转特性.结果表明,由于非相干相互作用,晶体中的一个亮孤子和一个暗孤子互相俘获,且两个孤子的中心沿着相同的轨迹移动.发现,当亮孤子的入射峰值强度不变时,通过调节暗孤子的入射背景强度可以控制亮孤子的偏转;当暗孤子的入射背景强度处于一个特殊值时,亮孤子的偏转被抑制,而当暗孤子的入射背景强度偏离这个特殊值时,亮孤子发生偏转.同样,当暗孤子的入射背景强度不变时,其偏转可以通过调节亮孤子的入射峰值强度来控制.     

OPTIMAL VIBRATION ESTIMATION OF A NON-LINEAR FLEXIBLE BEAM MOUNTED ON A ROTATING COMPLIANT HUB

To eliminate the need for sensor placement on rotating flexible beams such as turbine blades, helicopter rotors and like applications, a new approach has been developed based on the linear quadratic estimator (LQE) technique for estimating the vibration of any point on the span of a rotating flexible beam mounted on a compliant hub (plant) in the presence of process and measurements noise. A non-linear model of the plant is utilized in this study to mimic the actual plant behavior. The corresponding plant dynamics of the LQE are in the form of a reduced order linear model constructed from the eigenvalues and eigenfuctions of a finite element dynamic model of the plant formulated in the state space. A virtual hub deflection (that mimics the actual measurement of the vertical hub deflection needed by the estimation process) is generated by the non-linear model of the plant. The LQE reconstructs the states of the plant, including transverse deflection of the beam at any point, from the measurements of the vertical deflection of the hub, assuming that it is the most accessible state for measurement. Estimated beam tip deflection obtained by the proposed technique is then compared to the tip deflection generated by the non-linear model and the results show good agreement.     

静态球对称引力场中光线偏折的几何算法

光线的引力偏折和光在介质中的折射有统一的地方,本文采用几何光学的方法讨论星光掠过太阳时的偏折角度,所得结果和经典文献一致.     

偏折层析的滤波反投影算法及误差分析

对偏折层析投影转换为相位层析投影的转换关系进行了分析,给出明晰的数学关系,并针对偏折层析的滤波反投影算法重建的结果进行误差分析。分析结果表明投影噪声对重建场的作用体现在与由偏折层析滤波反投影算法的滤波器有关的倾斜函数上。因此提出了改进的偏折层析滤波反投影算法,数值模拟表明,改进算法在有效抑制倾斜现象的同时,对重建结果不会造成明显的失真。在此基础上改进的算法被用于真实火箭燃气射流密度场的三维重建中。     

Photothermal deflection microscopy for imaging sub-micronic defects in optical materials

Photothermal deflection is widely used to study defects in optical coatings and role of these defects in laser damage. Because defects responsible for laser damage are assumed to be nanometer-sized and lowly absorbing, both high spatial resolution and high sensitivity are required to detect them. In this work we theoretically and experimentally explore the capability of collinear photothermal deflection to give micronic resolution by reduction of the pump beam diameter. Thanks to a model describing temperature distribution and photothermal deflection, we have studied the effects of pump beam focusing on photothermal deflection. Then, we have developed a high resolution, high sensitivity microscope based on the photothermal deflection of a transmitted probe beam. The setup is characterized and the theoretical predictions are checked. We present a test of lateral spatial resolution obtained on specially prepared absorbing resolution targets and show that a lateral spatial resolution of 1 μm is reached on non-isolated defects. In case of single defects, we expect that 10 nm sized defects could be detected.     

OBS网络中基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制

为了有效地降低突发包的丢失率和保证OBS网络中不同优先级业务的服务质量,提出了一种基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制.当冲突发生时,首先基于突发包的优先级进行"竞争突发包头部分割或者原突发包尾部分割"处理;无冲突部分直接在事先预留的输出数据信道上处理,冲突部分的分割突发包根据参数可调的偏射路由机制被偏射到最佳偏射路径上.仿真结果表明,该机制能够有效地降低整个网络的丢包率和端到端的延时,并且得到高优先级突发包的丢失率和延时低于低优先级突发包.由此可知,基于优先级与突发包分割的偏射路由机制能够有效地解决突发包的冲突问题,从而提高整个OBS网络的性能.     

Study of the Deflection Angle and Shadow of Black Hole Solutions in Non-Plasma and Plasma Mediums Under the Effect of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet Gravity

In this paper, the Gibbons and Werner technique is used to calculate the weak deflection angle for the black hole solution under the effects of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity. The Gauss–Bonnet theorem in the limits of weak field is used to evaluate the Gaussian optical curvature in order to obtain the results. The visual effects of the deflection angle on the impact parameter is also looked at and the smallest radius in the non-plasma/plasma medium. Moreover, in order to check the consistency of the results concerning the weak deflection angle, the Keeton and Petters approach is applied to study the deflection angle, which is the expansion of series with a single mass variable, which can be directly addressed by using the post–post Newtonian framework. Furthermore, the deflection angle and shadow under the influence of the plasma is examined by using the motion of particle in a non-magnetized plasma and pressure-free plasma medium as described by the new ray-tracing algorithm. It is shown that plasma as well as Einstein–Gauss-Bonnet gravity corrections are affected by shadows.     

Comparison of the efficiency of the deflection of proton beams with various energies by a bent crystal with the use of planar channeling and the stochastic deflection mechanism

The efficiency of the deflection of 50-, 15-, and 1.3-GeV proton beams by means of planar channeling in a bent silicon crystal has been compared to that by means of the stochastic mechanism of the deflection of charged particles by the bent crystal. The deflection of protons at single passage through the crystal has been simulated. The results of the experiment on the deflection of a circulating beam at the U-70 accelerator (Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Moscow region) are presented. It has been shown that the efficiency of the stochastic deflection mechanism increases with a decrease in the energy, whereas the efficiency of the planar channeling for deflection decreases.     

平板型阶跃式变阻抗线特性

介绍了变阻抗线的工作原理,给出了类Blumlein线结构变阻抗线的倍压特性,变阻抗线能够实现能量的完全传输,输出电压为输入电压的(n+1)/2倍;以平板结构为例研究了变阻抗线中的阻抗偏差问题:传输线实际阻抗较理论设计值偏大,各级的偏差基本在20%以内;通过电磁仿真研究了三级类Blumlein线结构变阻抗线中各级阻抗偏差对于倍压系数的影响,在阻抗偏差范围内,倍压系数随着阻抗的增大而减小,倍压系数在1.9~2.1范围内,给出倍压系数受各级阻抗偏差的影响规律;设计了三级类Blumlein线结构平板传输线进行实验,输出电压为3833 V,与理论设计相符。