N8H8环状异构体的结构与稳定性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-311 G**基组水平上对N8H8氮氢环状化合物可能存在的构型进行了几何优化,得到74种稳定异构体,应朋A然键轨道理论NBO和分子中的原子理论AIM分析了这些化合物成键特征和相对稳定性,G3MP2方法汁算了各异构体的能量及生成热.研究结果表明:N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的丰要因素;N8H8环状异构体的稳定性顺序为:六元环>七元环>八元环,五元环>三元环>四元环,六元环是这些N8H8环状异构体中最稳定的,最不稳定的是四元环,G19是所有环状异构体中能量最低的:M3能量最高,稳定性最差,A7密度最大.     

N8H8环状异构体的结构与稳定性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-311＋＋G**基组水平上对N₈H₈氮氢环状化合物可能存在的构型进行了几何优化, 得到74种稳定异构体, 应用自然键轨道理论NBO和分子中的原子理论AIM分析了这些化合物成键特征和相对稳定性, G3MP2方法计算了各异构体的能量及生成热. 研究结果表明: N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素; N₈H₈环状异构体的稳定性顺序为: 六元环＞七元环＞八元环, 五元环＞三元环＞四元环, 六元环是这些N₈H₈环状异构体中最稳定的, 最不稳定的是四元环, G19是所有环状异构体中能量最低的; M3能量最高, 稳定性最差, A7密度最大.     

叠氮化合物C6H6-n(N3)n(n=1~6)的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上, 对叠氮化合物C6H6-n(N3)n(n=1~6)进行理论计算, 并对所得到的几何结构进行了振动频率分析. 计算结果表明, 这些化合物是热力学稳定的. 基于自然键轨道理论, 分析了稳定结构的电荷分布及成键情况. 在不破坏苯环和叠氮基的原则下, 设计等键反应计算了这些化合物的生成热, 结果表明, 标题化合物的生成热都很高, 且随着叠氮基数目的增加而线性增大.     

高能密度材料H2N5MN5H2 (M=Be,Mg,Ca,Zn,和Cd)的密度泛函理论研究

借助密度泛函理论,用B3LYP和BP86方法,对一系列潜在的新型高能密度材料分子H2N5MN5H2(M=Be,Mg,Ca,Zn,和Cd)进行了理论预测研究.结果表明,这些材料分子都非常稳定,不容易分解,其中H2N5BeN5H2最稳定.金属离子的配位作用对化合物的稳定起了重要作用.配体H2N5也因从金属M获得一个电子变成H2N5-离子而变得更稳定.     

苯及其含氮等电子体化合物的结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在aug-cc-pvDZ基组上研究了13种苯及其含氮等电子体化合物的分子结构、 能量和异构体相对稳定性, 重点考察了含氮量对化合物含能性质的影响. 结果表明: 随着氮原子数增加分子的总能量降低, 且存在很好的线性相关性. 采用G3方法对分子的生成热进行了计算, 结果显示随着分子中氮原子个数增加, 各含氮等电子体化合物的生成热将增大, 其中六嗪、五嗪的生成热较大, 它们成为含能材料的潜力较大. 对各异构体分析显示, 氮原子位置与总能量和生成热的关系均为: (邻)间位＜(邻)对位＜邻位. 此外, 通过NBO方法分析了分子的超共轭作用和立体排斥能对异构体稳定性的影响, 结果表明超共轭作用是影响各异构体构型相对稳定性的主要因素.     

C50(D5h)衍生物-异质富勒烯C48P2的分子行为理论研究

用半经验的AM1和MNDO方法以及密度泛函B3LYP/3-21G方法对C₅₀(D_5h)的衍生物C₄₈P₂的所有可能的异构体进行了系统的理论研究. 优化了稳定构型, 计算了生成热、HOMO-LUMO能级差、NICS值、红外光谱及电子光谱, 并与C₄₈X₂(X=B, N)的分子行为进行了比较. 计算结果表明: (1) C₄₈P₂的最稳定异构体是异构体C₄₈P₂-78, 该异构体对应于赤道位置六元环内的1,4-取代产物; (2) 决定C₄₈P₂异构体稳定性的主要因素是碳笼的张力, 而稳定性和芳香性之间没有明显的相关性; (3) 相对较稳定的C₄₈P₂异构体的HOMO-LUMO能级差比C₅₀的HOMO-LUMO能级差大; (4) 计算出的红外光谱以及电子光谱可以供实验参考; 计算出的NICS 值也可以用来表征C₄₈P₂各异构体. (5) C₄₈P₂与C₄₈X₂(X=B, N)具有相同的取代选择性规律及稳定性决定因素, 并且相对较稳定的异构体均具有比C₅₀本体大的HOMO-LUMO能级差.     

N6H6结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的b3lyp方法在6-311＋＋G**基组上对15种分子式为N₆H₆的氮氢化合物进行了理论计算, 并且应用了自然键轨道理论(Nature Bond Orbital, NBO)和分子中的原子理论(Atoms In Molecules, AIM)分析了这些化合物的成键特征和相对稳定性. NBO分析表明N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素, AIM计算的氮氮键的键临界点电荷密度与键长呈反比关系. 而且, NBO的立体和超共轭分析表明立体交换排斥能和超共轭作用对这些分子的相对稳定性起了重要作用. G3MP2计算结果表明氮氢化合物的生成热均为正, 并且环状分子的能量和生成热都高于链状分子.     

N6H6结构和性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的b3lyp方法在6-311＋＋G**基组上对15种分子式为N₆H₆的氮氢化合物进行了理论计算, 并且应用了自然键轨道理论(Nature Bond Orbital, NBO)和分子中的原子理论(Atoms In Molecules, AIM)分析了这些化合物的成键特征和相对稳定性. NBO分析表明N原子孤对电子到相邻的氮氮键的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素, AIM计算的氮氮键的键临界点电荷密度与键长呈反比关系. 而且, NBO的立体和超共轭分析表明立体交换排斥能和超共轭作用对这些分子的相对稳定性起了重要作用. G3MP2计算结果表明氮氢化合物的生成热均为正, 并且环状分子的能量和生成热都高于链状分子.     

腺嘌呤和质子化腺嘌呤的结构和振动光谱

用密度泛函方法B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ分析了腺嘌呤和质子化腺嘌呤的低能稳定异构体的结构和振动光谱. 结果发现, 对于中性腺嘌呤分子, 腺嘌呤的异构体N9H比N7H的能量低32.76 kJ·mol-1(在极化连续模型下为6.28 kJ·mol-1). 基于标度量子力场方法所得到的势能分布, 对异构体N9H的部分振动基频重新进行了归属. 在极化连续模型下, 质子化腺嘌呤分子有5种低能稳定构型, 其中N1位质子化的9-位氢腺嘌呤最为稳定. 基于振动模式分析, 对这种最稳定构型的振动基频进行了归属, 并对腺嘌呤在pH=1的高氯酸溶液中的实验拉曼光谱进行了指认.     

N3H5异构化及构象分析

采用量子化学的方法, 对氮氢化合物N3H5所有可能的二面角变化进行松散势能面扫描, 获得了相应的能量和构象之间的关系, 研究了N3H5的异构化机理和构象的变化. 分子中的原子(AIM))理论计算得到的键临界点电荷密度的增大和减小,及其拉普拉斯值的正负变化, 可以清楚地反映构象转化过程中键的增长、断裂和新键生成的相关信息. 自然键轨道(NBO)理论分析表明, 立体排斥作用使分子能量升高, 而超共轭作用使分子能量降低, 它们对分子构象的相对稳定性起了重要作用.     

Molecular structure of the trans and cis isomers of metal-free phthalocyanine studied by gas-phase electron diffraction and high-level quantum chemical calculations: NH tautomerization and calculated vibrational frequencies

The molecular structure of the trans isomer of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) is determined using the gas electron diffraction (GED) method and high-level quantum chemical calculations. B3LYP calculations employing the basis sets 6-31G**, 6-311++G**, and cc-pVTZ give two tautomeric isomers for the inner H atoms, a trans isomer having D2h symmetry and a cis isomer having C2v symmetry. The trans isomer is calculated to be 41.6 (B3LYP/6-311++G**, zero-point corrected) and 37.3 kJ/mol (B3LYP/cc-pVTZ, not zero-point corrected) more stable than the cis isomer. However, Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations using different basis sets predict that cis is preferred and that trans does not exist as a stable form of the molecule. The equilibrium composition in the gas phase at 471 degrees C (the temperature of the GED experiment) calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level is 99.8% trans and 0.2% cis. This is in very good agreement with the GED data, which indicate that the mole fraction of the cis isomer is close to zero. The transition states for two mechanisms of the NH tautomerization have been characterized. A concerted mechanism where the two H atoms move simultaneously yields a transition state of D2h symmetry and an energy barrier of 95.8 kJ/mol. A two-step mechanism where a trans isomer is converted to a cis isomer, which is converted into another trans isomer, proceeds via two transition states of C(s) symmetry and an energy barrier of 64.2 kJ/mol according to the B3LYP/6-311++G** calculation. The molecular geometry determined from GED is in very good agreement with the geometry obtained from the quantum chemical calculations. Vibrational frequencies, IR, and Raman intensities have been calculated using B3LYP/6-311++G**. These calculations indicate that the molecule is rather flexible with six vibrational frequencies in the range of 20-84 cm(-1) for the trans isomer. The cis isomer might be detected by infrared matrix spectroscopy since the N-H stretching frequencies are very different for the two isomers.     

Quantum chemistry study of H+(H2O)8: a global search for its isomers by the scaled hypersphere search method, and its thermal behavior

The structures of the protonated water cluster H+(H2O)8 have been globally explored by the scaled hypersphere search method. On the Hartree-Fock potential energy surface 174 isomers were found, among which 168 were computed to be minima at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level, and their energies were further refined at the level of MP2/6-311++G(3df,2p). The global minimum on the potential energy surface computed at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level shows a cagelike structure with the "Eigen" motif, while the lowest-free-energy isomer has a five-membered-ring structure at 170 K and a chain form at 273 K. The present results are well in line with previous experimental findings. In addition, the ADMP (atom-centered density matrix propagation) simulation indicates that the extra proton in the lowest-free-energy isomer (170 K), which has a five-membered ring and the "Zundel" feature, is often in an asymmetrical hydrogen bond.     

Theoretical study on the structures and stabilities of the isomers of N6H6

Forty-eight possible isomers of N₆H₆ have been investigated at the B3LYP/6-311++G^** and G3B3 levels. The results show that heats of formation of all isomers are positive and A2-3 is the lowest and C2 is the highest. In addition, the energies and the heats of formation of the ring-shaped isomers are higher than those of the chain-shaped isomers. Among the ring-shaped isomers, the four-membered ring isomers have the highest heat of formation and the five-membered ring isomers have the lowest. For six-membered ring isomers, only the chair-shaped isomers are stable. Among all those chain-shaped isomers, the ones which have N–N bond and its length is in the range of NN double bond can improve the stability of the compounds.     

Effect of methyl groups substitution on the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonding of naphthazarin: DFT and NBO studies

A density functional theory (DFT) study-based method B3LYP/6-311++G** was carried out to investigate the methyl groups substitution effect on the structure and the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in naphthazarin (NZ) (5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone). The full geometry optimization of molecular structures, the difference between the energies of hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded rotamers, and the proton chemical shift of the hydroxyl groups in NZ and its methyl substituents obtained at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. The vibrational frequencies of all samples and their deuterated analogues were calculated at the same theoretical level. The ¹H chemical shifts for NZ and its methyl substituents were computed at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level using the gauge-including atomic orbital method. Furthermore, in order to investigate the changes in bond order, electron density, electron delocalization, and steric effects caused by methyl substituents, natural bond orbital analysis were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. After comparing these effective parameters in methyl substituents with those of their parent, NZ, we concluded that, in general, intramolecular hydrogen bonding strength increases by substituting methyl groups in the different positions of NZ.     

Theoretical Study on Hydrogen Interaction between 5-Fluorouracil and Glycine

The geometries,electronic structure,IR spectrum and other properties of hydrogen interaction between 5-fluorouracil and glycine were studied at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level.Single point energy calculations were executed at the B3LYP/6-311++G** and B3LYP/aug-cc-pvdz levels,and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level.Finally,the hydrogen bonds were discussed via AIM electronic density topology analysis.     

气相中O3与HSO自由基间的氢键复合物

气相中O3与HSO自由基之间的相互作用及其反应在大气化学中非常重要.在DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G**和MP2/6-311++G**水平上求得O3+HSO复合物势能面上的稳定构型,B3LYP方法得到了三种构型(复合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ),而MP2方法只能得到一种构犁(复合物Ⅱ).在复合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ中,HSO单元中的1H原子作为质子供体.与O3分子中的端基O原子作为质子受体相互作用,形成红移氢键复合物;而在复合物Ⅱ中,虽与复合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ中具有相间的质子供体和质子受体,却形成了蓝移氢键复合物.B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上计算的单体间相互作用能的计算考虑了基组重甍误差(BSSE)和零点振动能(ZPVE)校正,其值在-3.37到-4.55 kJ·mol-1之间.采用自然键轨道理论(NBO)对单体间相互作用的本质进行了考查,并通过分子中原子理论(AIM)分析了三种复合物中氢键的电子密度拓扑性质.     

气相中O3与HSO自由基间的氢键复合物

气相中O3与HSO自由基之间的相互作用及其反应在大气化学中非常重要. 在DFT-B3LYP/6-311++G**和MP2/6-311++G**水平上求得O3+HSO复合物势能面上的稳定构型, B3LYP方法得到了三种构型(复合物I, II和III), 而MP2方法只能得到一种构型(复合物II). 在复合物I和III中, HSO单元中的1H原子作为质子供体, 与O3分子中的端基O原子作为质子受体相互作用, 形成红移氢键复合物; 而在复合物II中, 虽与复合物I和III中具有相同的质子供体和质子受体, 却形成了蓝移氢键复合物. B3LYP/6-311++G**水平上计算的单体间相互作用能的计算考虑了基组重叠误差(BSSE)和零点振动能(ZPVE)校正, 其值在-3.37到-4.55 kJ·mol-1之间. 采用自然键轨道理论(NBO)对单体间相互作用的本质进行了考查, 并通过分子中原子理论(AIM)分析了三种复合物中氢键的电子密度拓扑性质.     

Theoretical determinations of ionization potentials of dopamine

Adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials (IPs) of nine conformers of dopamine in the gas phase are determined using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91 methods and high level ab initio HF method with 6-311++G** basis set, respectively. And the nine stable cationic states have been found in the ionization process of dopamine. Vertical ionization potentials of nine conformers of dopamine are calculated using the older outer-valence Green’s function (OVGF) calculations at 6-311++G** basis set. Vibrational frequencies and infrared spectrum intensities of G1b and G1b⁺ at B3LYP/6-311++G** level are discussed.     

Theoretical Study on Two C_(16)H_(12)O_4 Isomers of Derivatives of Pagodane

1 NTRODUCTION Pagodane ([1.1.1.1]-pagodane) is the trivial name assigned to the D2h-symmetry undecacyclic poly- quinane undecacyclo-[9.9.0.01,5.02,12.02,18.03,7.06,10. 08,12.011,15.013,17.316,20]-eicosane (Fig. 1). It has been synthesized[1] and subsequently studied by Prinzbach and co-workers for more than twenty years[2, 3]. Des- cribed as a waxy solid melting without decomposi-tion and stable to at least 600 ℃ in gas phase, pa- godane is interesting for its exotic structure and as an…