NaOH改性稻壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

采用NaOH改性稻壳为吸附剂,探究稻壳在不同条件下对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.同时利用比表面积测定、扫描电镜、红外光谱等表征手段对改性前后的吸附剂进行物化特性、样品形貌等分析.结果 表明,采用4 wt.％NaOH改性稻壳,亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度为80 mg·L-1、pH为6.0、温度为25℃、震荡时间为12 h、吸附剂用量为...     

稻壳灰吸附剂对罗丹明B的吸附性能研究

以发电废弃物稻壳灰为原料,以NaOH为活化剂制备了稻壳灰吸附剂,并将其用于去除水中罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,Rh B)染料。系统考察了溶液pH值、初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度以及溶液离子强度对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明:pH=3时,稻壳灰吸附剂对水中Rh B的吸附效果最佳,饱和吸附容量q_m为322. 6mg·g~(-1);吸附热力学研究表明,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。吸附过程焓变ΔH为7. 67 kJ·mol~(-1),ΔS为24. 92 J·mol~(-1)·K~(-1),ΔG0,表明稻壳灰吸附剂对Rh B的吸附过程是自发的吸热熵增过程;吸附过程可在20 min内达到平衡,符合准二级动力学模型;吸附过程的活化能E_a为24. 1 kJ·mol~(-1)。吸附容量随着溶液离子强度的增大而减小,说明其吸附是以静电作用为主的吸附过程。10次循环使用后稻壳灰吸附剂对Rh B的吸附效率仍能保持91%以上,表明该材料可以多次循环使用,是潜在的高效吸附材料。     

单宁微球对牛血清蛋白的吸附

采用反相悬浮聚合法制备单宁微球,利用扫描电子显微镜对微球的表面形貌进行观察.同时以单宁微球为吸附剂,探讨pH值、单宁微球质量、牛血清蛋白起始浓度、吸附时间等条件对单宁微球吸附牛血清蛋白性能的影响,得出单宁微球吸附牛血清蛋白的最佳条件.并用两种动力学模型进行拟合.结果表明,单宁微球对牛血清蛋白的吸附速率先快后慢,最后吸附...     

两种胶原纤维固化单宁对La3+的吸附特性研究

以皮胶原纤维为基质,通过交联剂分别将黑荆树单宁和杨梅单宁固化在胶原纤维上制备吸附材料。实验表明,这两种吸附材料对稀土金属离子La^3＋有很好的吸附作用。在pH为4.5的条件下,当吸附剂用量为0.1 g,La^3＋初始浓度为9.952 mmol·L^-1,固化杨梅单宁的平衡吸附量为0.388 mmol·g^-1,比固化黑荆树单宁略大,其吸附平衡均符合Freundlich方程。进一步研究了固化杨梅单宁的吸附动力学、温度、pH值等对吸附平衡的影响。结果表明,温度对吸附平衡的影响不明显;pH值对吸附平衡有较大影响,在适当范围内提高pH值会增加平衡吸附量;吸附动力学可用拟二级速度方程来描述。当吸附温度为293 K时,由拟二级速率方程计算所得的平衡吸附量与实测的平衡吸附量误差在3%以内。同时固化杨梅单宁也具有良好的柱动力学特性。     

钙钛矿吸附剂用于制备高温富O2-CO2混合气体的性能研究

采用固相反应法制备钙钛矿型吸附剂Ba0.95Ca0.05Co0.5Fe0.5O3-δ(BCCF)和Sr0.95Ca0.05Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(SCCF)。XRD结果显示两种物质均形成了纯的钙钛矿结构。利用TGA实验研究了吸附剂的理论氧吸附容量,氧吸附/脱附转化率及循环稳定性。结果显示,由于785℃时,吸附剂SCCF发生了氧空位的无序-有序的相转变,SCCF比BCCF具有更高的理论氧吸附容量。在700～900℃范围内,吸附剂的氧吸附/脱附转化率随着温度的升高而增大,但脱附过程都没有进行完全,吸附剂BCCF、SCCF的脱附转化率只达到了59.44%、38.36%。在测试温度范围内,BCCF和SCCF的最佳氧脱附温度是850℃和900℃,最佳的氧吸附温度应分别大于850℃和800℃。多次吸附/脱附循环试验显示BCCF吸附剂具有很高的活性和循环稳定性,而SCCF经过3次循环后,其转化率明显降低。     

Mn/Al-SBA-15的制备及吸附脱硫性能

以嫁接法制备的Al-SBA-15为载体,醋酸锰为活性组分前驱体,通过浸渍法制备Mn/Al-SBA-15吸附剂。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶-原位傅里叶变换红外(Py-FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段对吸附剂进行分析,以模拟汽油中噻吩的脱除反应为模型反应考察了吸附剂的吸附性能,确定了吸附剂的最佳Al/Si物质的量比,并结合表征结果对吸附剂脱硫过程进行机理探讨,最后研究了吸附剂的再生性能。实验结果表明,当Al/Si(mol ratio)为1:45时,吸附剂脱硫性能最高;吸附剂主要通过酸碱作用吸附噻吩分子;Al的引入提高了吸附剂的结构稳定性,从而提高了吸附剂的再生性能。     

低温一步法活性炭基脱硫剂的制备与评价

以木屑为原料,在低温条件下一步法制得活性炭基吸附剂,考察了吸附剂制备条件和液-固、气-固吸附条件对吸附剂脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,吸附剂的最佳制备条件为,浸渍液与木屑质量比为1：1,浸渍液中硝酸质量分率为30%、吸附剂表面NiO负载量为5%,常温下浸渍24 h,400℃焙烧3 h。该吸附剂在0.2 g吸附剂/10 mL模拟油、温度为40℃及时间为5 h的液-固吸附脱硫的条件下,脱硫率为28.36%,吸附四次后饱和吸附硫容量可达2.34 mgS/g;在气-固吸附温度为250℃、空速为6.3 h^-1的条件下,饱和吸附硫容量为2.37 mgS/g;高温气-固吸附脱硫对吸附剂的影响表明,与脱硫前相比,吸附剂在比表面积、总孔体积、微孔体积均有明显提高,这说明气-固吸附脱硫过程同时实现了活性炭的扩孔活化。甲苯溶剂再生实验表明,经五次再生后吸附剂的再生性能均可达90%以上。     

生物碳质吸附剂对水中有机污染物的吸附作用及机理

以松针为生物质代表,通过控制不同炭化温度（100～700℃）,制备了一系列生物碳质吸附剂,表征了其结构和表面特征;以4-硝基甲苯为目标,探讨吸附剂在水中对有机污染物的吸附性能、机理及与其结构特征之间的定量关系,为制备经济高效吸附剂和预测其吸附性能与机制提供理论依据．结果表明,生物碳质吸附剂的芳香性随炭化温度的升高而急剧增加、极性指数（（N＋O）/C）则急剧降低,逐渐从“软碳质”过渡到“硬碳质”,同时其比表面积则迅速增大．生物碳质吸附剂对水中4-硝基甲苯具有强的吸附能力,等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich方程,N指数和1gKf与其芳香性呈良好的线性关系．定量描述了分配作用与表面吸附对生物碳质总的吸附作用的贡献．表面吸附的贡献量随炭化温度升高而迅速增大,表面饱和吸附量与吸附剂的比表面积呈良好的线性正关系;硬碳质吸附剂的最大表面吸附量（Qmax,SA）与理论计算值（2．45μmol／m^2）相当,而软碳质吸附剂的Qmax．SA值则高于理论值．生物碳质的分配作用（Kom）取决于分配介质与有机污染物的“匹配性”和“有效性”,Kom值随（N＋O）/C降低呈现先升高后降低的趋势．     

MgO/Al_2O_3吸附剂对CO_2动态吸附性能的研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制取MgO/Al2O3吸附剂,利用BET、XRD等表征手段对吸附剂进行表征;并通过固定床测量穿透曲线的方法研究其对CO2动态吸附性能的影响,考察了MgO负载量、吸附温度、气体流量等因素对吸附剂吸附CO2性能的影响,同时还通过多次吸脱附实验考察MgO/Al2O3吸附剂的稳定性和再生能力。结果表明,MgO负载量为10%的吸附剂,吸附温度在50℃左右,流量为45 mL/min动态吸附量最大;经数次循环后材料的结构性质和吸附性能未见明显变化,可再生性能比较优异,是一种潜在的可工业化应用的CO2吸附剂。     

生物炭对离子型稀土矿山尾水中氨氮的吸附特性研究

针对多级渗滤技术处理离子型稀土矿山水环境氨氮污染的需求,本研究以生物质废弃物稻壳、木屑、花生壳及沼渣为原料,在300和500℃热解制备生物炭材料,考察吸附稀土矿山尾水中氨氮的效果及影响因素.实验结果表明:在500℃下,稻壳和花生壳制备的生物炭吸附氨氮效果最佳,稻壳生物炭(RHBC)最大吸附量为36.76 mg·g-1,...     

新型Cu-MCM-41吸附剂的制备及其对柴油的吸附脱硫性能

 采用金属离子直接插入法合成了Cu-MCM-41吸附剂,在100 ℃的条件下,研究了吸附剂对商业化的FCC柴油的吸附性能. 结果表明,处理5.5 ml柴油之后, Cu-MCM-41的脱硫效率仍可达84%以上. 这意味着噻吩及其衍生物容易通过π-络合过程发生吸附,并且Cu-MCM-41对噻吩类化合物具有较高的吸附选择性.     

稻壳制备多孔炭对肌酐的吸附

研究了具有高比表面积稻壳基多孔炭(简称RHC)对人体内代谢产物肌酐(简称CR)的吸附, 将采用氢氧化钠活化稻壳制备的四种多孔炭和二种商业活性炭对肌酐的吸附进行了对比, 同时考察了盐酸、硝酸和双氧水对多孔炭进行表面处理及其经过高温处理(800 ℃)后对肌酐的吸附. 结果表明稻壳基多孔炭对肌酐的吸附超过商业炭,经过表面处理后多孔炭的吸附能力增强, 无氧化性盐酸处理后的多孔炭对肌酐的吸附量最大, 氧化性最强的硝酸处理后的多孔炭对肌酐的吸附量最小, 双氧水居中, 高温处理后的多孔炭吸附能力有所降低. 实验证实了多孔炭对CR的吸附符合Freundlich方程.     

啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Pd2+的物理化学特性

以啤酒酿造厂的啤酒酵母废菌体为生物吸附剂,研究死的啤酒酵母菌体从PdCl₂溶液中吸附Pd²⁺的物理化学特性.结果表明,该菌体吸附Pd²⁺受吸附时间、溶液pH值、菌体浓度和Pd²⁺起始浓度等因素的影响.菌体吸附Pd²⁺是个快速的过程,吸附45min时吸附量达最大,但在最初的3min内,吸附量可达到最大吸附量的92%.在5～60℃范围内,吸附作用不受温度影响.吸附作用的最适pH值为3.5.在Pd²⁺起始质量浓度为30～300mg/L范围内和菌体质量浓度为2g/L的条件下,菌体对Pd²⁺的吸附作用符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型.在pH=3.5,Pd²⁺与菌体质量比为0.2和30℃条件下吸附60min,吸附量达94.5mg/g.从废钯催化剂处理液回收钯,吸附量为32.2mg/g.XPS分析表明,该菌体能吸附水溶液中的Pd²⁺.TEM结果表明,在无外加电子供体时,死的啤酒酵母废菌体能够吸附和还原溶液中的Pd²⁺成Pd⁰微粒,Pd⁰微粒可进一步形成有一定形状的钯晶粒;该菌体还能使吸附在γ-Al₂O₃上的Pd²⁺还原成Pd⁰.     

含氨基聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯树脂对胆红素的吸附性能研究

以交联聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯树脂为载体,以己二胺和多乙烯多胺为功能基制备了一系列胆红素吸附剂,研究了它们在不同吸附温度、离子强度和胆红素浓度等条件下,对胆红素的吸附性能的影响.研究表明,该类吸附剂对胆红素具有良好的吸附性能,其中以己二胺和质子化己二胺为功能基的吸附剂对胆红素的吸附作用最佳.     

Effect of various environmental factors on the adsorption of U(VI) onto biochar derived from rice straw

Herein, we used biochar pyrolyzed from rice straw to adsorb uranium (U) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of U(VI) on biochar was strongly dependent on pH but independent on ionic strength. HA/FA enhanced the sorption at pH <6.8 while inhibited the sorption at pH >6.8. The sorption reached equilibrium within 3 h, which was not mediated by pH. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, and enhanced at higher temperature. However, the influence of temperature was negligible at low initial U(VI) concentrations. Therefore, biochar derived from rice straw may be a promising adsorbent for the removal of U(VI).

     

Zeolites modified by CuCl for separating CO from gas mixtures containing CO2

Although zeolites such as NaY and 13X adsorb CO₂ much more than CO, the adsorption amount of CO₂ and CO can be reversed if the zeolites are modified with CuCl. When zeolite NaY or 13X is mixed with CuCl and heated, high CO adsorption selectivity and capacity can be obtained. Isotherms show the adsorbents have CO capacity much higher than CO₂. This is because CuCl has dispersed onto the surface of the zeolites to form a monolayer after the heat treatment and the monolayer dispersed CuCl can provide tremendous Cu(I) to selective adsorb CO and inhibit the CO₂ adsorption. The monolayer dispersion of CuCl is confirmed by XRD and EXAFS studies. The loading of CuCl on the zeolites has a threshold below which the CuCl forms monolayer after heating and crystalline phase of CuCl can not be detected by XRD. An adsorbent of CuCl/NaY with CuCl content closed to the monolayer capacity shows very high CO selective adsorbability for CO₂, N₂, H₂ and CH₄. At temperature higher than room temperature, the adsorbent has even better CO selectivity for CO₂. Using the adsorbent, a single-stage 4 beds PSA process, working at 70°C and 0.4 MPa to 0.013 MPa, can obtain CO product with purity >99.5% and yield >85%.     

活性炭吸附法处理苯乙酸工艺废水中甲苯的模拟研究

Active carbon has been widely used to treat wastewater.In this paper active carb on adsorbent is used to treat methylbenzene resulting from the production of phenylacetic acid.Our experiment indicates that acidity has no effect on adsorb ability.At temperature 22℃ and flow rate 1Bv/h,adsorption efficiency of methyl benzen is 94.2% and erasing rate of CODCr reaches 94.9%.Alkaline-alcohol solution is employed as an eluent to regenerate active carbon.After regeneratio n,adsorption efficiency of methylbenzene is 86.4% and the erasing rate of COD Cr is 87.3%.     

Adsorptive removal of tannin from aqueous solutions by cationic surfactant-modified bentonite clay

The removal of tannin from aqueous media by cationic surfactant-modified bentonite clay was studied in a batch system. The surfactant used was hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. Adsorbent characterizations were investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, surface area analysis, and potentiometric titration. The effects of pH, contact time, initial solute concentration, adsorbent dose, ionic strength, and temperature on the adsorption of tannin onto modified clay were investigated. The adsorbent exhibited higher tannin removal efficiency (>99.0%) from an initial concentration of 10.0 micromol/L at pH 3.0. Adsorption capacity decreased from 90.1 to 51.8% with an increase in temperature from 10 to 40 degrees C at an initial concentration of 25.0 micromol/L. The adsorption process was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. Film diffusion was found to be the rate-limiting step. Tannin adsorption was found to decrease with increase in ionic strength. The tannin equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the former being found to provide the best fit of the experimental data. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for tannin was 69.80 micromol/g at 30 degrees C. Comparison of adsorption capacity of the modified clay with reported adsorbents in the literature was also presented. Adsorbed tannin on modified clay can be recovered by treatment with 0.1 M NaOH solution. Regeneration experiments were tried for four cycles and results indicate a capacity loss of <10.0%. From the results it can be concluded that the surfactant-modified clay could be a good adsorbent for treating tannin-contaminated waters.     

Recovery of Th(IV) from aqueous solution by reassembled collagen-tannin fiber adsorbent

A novel adsorbent, collagen immobilized tannin adsorbent (CITA), was prepared and its adsorption behaviors to Th(IV) were investigated. CITA was in fibrous state due to the reassembly of collagen molecules by the inducement of tannin. This adsorbent loaded a greater amount of tannin and exhibited higher adsorption capacity to Th(IV) than the tannin immobilized adsorbent prepared from collagen fiber. The adsorption of CITA to Th(IV) is mainly attributed to surface complexation, which is a pH- rather than an ionic strength-dependent process. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were described by pseudo-second-order rate model and Freundlich equation, respectively. Column adsorption studies indicated that CITA is available for effectively recovering Th(IV) from aqueous solution.     

ADSORPTION OF TANNIN FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ONTO MACROPOROUS CROSSLINKED POLY（N—VINYL—ACETAMIDE）VIA HYDROGEN BONDING

A Strongly hydrophilic hydrogen-bonding adsorbent-macroporous crosslinked Poly(Nvinyl-acetamide),which contain both hydrogen bond acceptor and donator,was synthesized.Adsorption mechanism and dynamic adsorption of tannin from aqueous solution onto the adsorbent were investigated.Most of the differntial adsorption heats for various adsorption capacities calculated from the adsorption isotherms according to Clapeyron-Clausius equation lay in the range of hydrogen bond energy(8-50J/mol).Adsorption properties of the adsorbent were studied in detail.These results revealed a hydrogen bonding mechanism of the adsorption of tannin from aqueous solution onto the adsorbent.The result of the dynamic adsorption of tanning with the initial concentration under 600mg/L showed that the adsorption rate of tannin exceeded 90% when the flow rate was 3BV/h and the effluent volume reached 100BV.Therefore,the developed hydrogen-bonding adsorbent-macroporous crosslinked poly(N-vinyl-acetamide)-is an excellent adsorbent to remove tannin from extract of natural products,and has great value in application.