New Emivirine (MKC-442) Analogues Containing a Tetrahydronaphthalene at C-6 and their Anti-HIV Activity

An 5-ethyl-2-thiouracil derivative with a 6-(tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)methyl substituent was synthesized by condensation of thiourea with an adequate β-ketoester which in turn was synthesized in a single step from (tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetonitrile. The latter starting material was also used to synthesize an analogously substituted tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl substituted uracil with a locked conformation. Only the non-nucleoside derivatives prepared from the desulfurized substituted 2-thiouracil showed moderate activity against HIV whereas a corresponding non-nucleoside derivative was devoid of activity against HIV.     

Microwave assisted synthesis of substituted (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-2-{[1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-pyrazol- 4-yl]methylene}benzofuran-3(2<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-ones and their antimicrobial activity

Aurones, pyrazole and thiophene scaffolds are known for their potential antimicrobial activity. Herein, we have synthesized hybrid compounds containing three substituted (Z)-2-{[1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)- 1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methylene}benzofuran-3(2H)-ones that had been produced from substituted (E)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)- 3-[1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]prop-2-en-1-ones in high yields. All synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity. Several of those demonstrated promising activity against some fungal and bacterial strains.     

Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Novel MKC-442 Analogues Containing Alkenyl Chains or Reactive Functionalities in the 6-Benzyl Group

Summary. In an effort to obtain more insight into the anti-HIV efficacy of MKC-442 analogues (1-(alkoxymethyl)-6-benzyluracils), a new series of compounds was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The modifications include a reactive center such as an aldehyde or an epoxide substituted at the benzyl group. It was believed that such reactive groups could improve the activity against HIV for the Y181C mutant by forming a covalent bond to the mercapto group in cysteine in the hydrophobic pocket. Unfortunately, only moderate activities were found in cell-based assays for such compounds against wild-type HIV and no activity against the Y181C mutant. However, higher activities were found for a corresponding oxime and the precursor molecules with butenyl and allyloxy substituents in the benzyl group. A few amino-DABO and S-DABO analogues were also synthesized, but they were found inactive against HIV. On leave from Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education Kafr El-Sheikh branch, Tanta University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt A research Center Funded by the Danish National Research Foundation for Studies on Nucleic Acid Chemical Biology     

3-取代苄氧基-6-(取代-1H-吡唑-1-基)哒嗪的合成与生物活性

3-氯-6-肼基哒嗪分别与乙酰丙酮和3-二甲胺基丙烯醛反应, 合成了中间体3-氯-6-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)哒嗪(2)和3-氯-6-(1H-吡唑-1-基)哒嗪(4), 它们与多种取代苄醇反应, 得到了一系列未见报道的3-取代苄氧基-6-(取代-1H-吡唑-1-基)哒嗪, 其结构均经1H NMR, IR和元素分析确证. 初步的生物活性测试结果表明, 所合成的化合物对油菜和稗草均具有一定的抑制作用.     

水溶性稠杂环均三唑并噻二唑体系的合成及生物活性(II): 环丙氟喹诺酮哌嗪衍生物

为发现3-位稠杂环取代喹诺酮衍生物新的生物活性, 以环丙氟氯喹诺酮羧酸(1)为起始原料, 经3步反应得到3-(4-氨基-5-巯基-均-三唑)氟氯喹酮(4). 在常温加热和微波辐射条件下, 4与异烟酸缩环合反应得到中间体3-[6-吡啶-3- 均三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二唑]氟氯喹诺酮(5). 喹诺酮环上的氯原子与取代哌嗪在聚乙二醇和无机碱催化作用下发生选择性亲核取代反应, 形成相应的3-(6-吡啶-3-均三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二唑)氟喹诺酮哌嗪游离碱, 与盐酸反应得相应水溶性盐酸盐6. 同时也发现, 用1的酯化物却不能得到中间体2, 而仅得到环丙氟氯吡唑并喹啉酮(3). 新化合物的结构经元素分析和光谱数据表征, 用MTT和二倍试管稀释方法评价了它们体外对CHO, HL60和L1210 3种癌细胞株及S. aureus和E.coli 2种菌株的抑制活性. 结果表明, 在合成的9个新化合物中, 化合物3和 6具有潜在的体外抑制癌细胞生长活性, 其中6的IC50均在50 mmol/L以下, 尤其是化合物6a和6d对L1210的IC50值达到8.0×10－6 mol/L以下, 显示良好的选择性和体外活性; 目标化合物体外抑菌试验有意义的发现, 虽然抑菌活性不及对照环丙沙性, 但对革兰阳性菌活性显著高于对阴性菌的活性, 这与喹诺酮药物的抗菌活性相反. 以上结果表明, 氟喹诺酮类抗菌剂的3位稠杂环取代衍生物作为新结构抗肿瘤或抗菌先导物具有进一步研究和开发的价值.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel substituted 4-[3-(1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-2-(1<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol derivatives

A series of novel substituted bis-benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by reaction of 5,5′-methylenebis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with various substituted o-phenylenediamines in glacial acetic acid. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was elucidated by ¹H and ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, and MS spectra, and their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and antifungal activity were evaluated. The thienyl-substituted derivative showed significant activity against Bacillus licheniformis. Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia (bacteria), and Fusarium solani (fungi). The activities of the fluoro-substituted substituted derivative against some bacterial strains and of the thienyl-substituted derivative against fungi were found to be similar to those of standard drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial agents of thiazolidinone derivatives from benzocyclohepetenone

A series of benzosuberone coupled piperazin-1-yl thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 6a-j were synthesized from 3-(2-[9-chloro-2,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-8-yl]-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoic acid ( 4 ) and substituted piperazines/secondary amines 5a-j using 1-hydroxy benzotriazole, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride and triethyl amine in good yields and their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, and Mass spectra. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains and a fungal strain. Compounds 6f and 6g were indicated promising and broad spectrum antibacterial activity.     

Discovery of New Pyrazolopyridine,Furopyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Design,Synthesis, Docking Studies,and Anti-Proliferative Activity

New pyridine, pyrazoloyridine, and furopyridine derivatives substituted with naphthyl and thienyl moieties were designed and synthesized starting from 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (1). The chloro, methoxy, cholroacetoxy, imidazolyl, azide, and arylamino derivatives were prepared to obtain the pyridine-⁻C² functionalized derivatives. The derived pyrazolpyridine-N-glycosides were synthesized via heterocyclization of the C²-thioxopyridine derivative followed by glycosylation using glucose and galactose. The furopyridine derivative 14 and the tricyclic pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]furo[3,2-d]pyrimidine 15 were prepared via heterocyclization of the ester derivative followed by a reaction with formamide. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to in vitro inhibit the CDK2 enzyme. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against four different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549). The CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme inhibitory results revealed that pyridone 1, 2-chloro-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)nicotinonitrile (4), 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine (8), S-(3-cyano-6-(naphthaen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl) 2-chloroethanethioate (11), and ethyl 3-amino-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-(thiophen-2-yl)furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate (14) are among the most active inhibitors with IC₅₀ values of 0.57, 0.24, 0.65, 0.50, and 0.93 µM, respectively, compared to roscovitine (IC₅₀ 0.394 μM). Most compounds showed significant inhibition on different human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF-7, HepG2, and A549) with IC₅₀ ranges of 31.3–49.0, 19.3–55.5, 22.7–44.8, and 36.8–70.7 μM, respectively compared to doxorubicin (IC₅₀ 40.0, 64.8, 24.7 and 58.1 µM, respectively). Furthermore, a molecular docking study suggests that most of the target compounds have a similar binding mode as a reference compound in the active site of the CDK2 enzyme. The structural requirements controlling the CDK2 inhibitory activity were determined through the generation of a statistically significant 2D-QSAR model.     

含异噁唑环的新型2,5-二取代-1,3,4-噁二唑的合成及其杀菌活性

以取代异噁唑甲酸乙酯为起始原料,经取代、加成与环化反应合成了5个新型2-取代苯胺基-5-(取代异噁唑-4-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑(5a～5e),产率54.0％～86.7％,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征.初步杀菌活性试验表明,5a,5c和5d对番茄灰霉病菌有很高的抑制作用,其活性高于对照药剂多菌灵.     

Novel uracil derivatives: newly synthesized centrally acting agents.

A series of 1-amino-5-substituted uracils and their 4-thio or 2,4-dithio substituted analogues were synthesized and assayed for anti-conflict activity in rats and anesthetic activity in mice. 1-Amino-5-halogenouracils 3b-e, 1-amino-4-thiouracil (9a), and 1-amino-5-halogeno-4-thiouracils 9c, d showed both anti-conflict and anesthetic activities. The most active compound was 1-amino-5-chloro-4-thiouracil (9d) which showed anxiolytic activity at 2 mg/kg of oral administration (p.o.) on a modified Geller-Seifter conflict schedule. Its minimum effective dose (MED) was lower than that of diazepam. The 50 percent effective dose (ED50) for anesthetic activity in mice of the compound (9d) was 32.9 mg/kg, p.o.     

An efficacious synthesis of N-1–, C-3–substituted indole derivatives and their antimicrobial studies

A novel series of 11 C-3– and N-1–substituted oxoacetamide indole derivatives were synthesized by reacting with various aromatic amines and alkyl halides. These compounds were characterized by using various spectral techniques, ie, ¹HNMR, ¹HNMR-D₂O, ¹³CNMR, UV, elemental analysis, IR, and mass spectrometery. In vitro, antimicrobial studies of resultant compounds were carried out against two bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans using disc plate method. All the tested compounds showed vital efficiency as antimicrobial agents against both the bacterial strains. The results revealed that synthesized indole derivative 2-(1-(3-bromopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoacetamide displayed the best antimicrobial activity as compared with all other synthesized compounds.     

Synthesis of some novel 3,4,5-trisubstituted triazole derivatives bearing quinoline ring and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity

Abstract

Some new 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized and studied for their antimicrobial activity. The lead compounds were obtained starting from 8-hydroxyquinoline and ethyl 2-chloroacetate. The obtained ester compound (1) first reacted with hydrazine hydrate (2) then with phenyl isothiocyanate (3). Ring closure by KOH led to 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole derivative (4). Lastly, it reacted with 2-chloro-N-(substituted (benzo)/thiazole)acetamide derivatives to obtain the final compounds (5a–j). The structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry techniques and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against seven bacteria and four fungi. As a result of the activity studies, it was observed that compounds N-(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[[4-phenyl-5-((quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]acetamide (5a) and N-(6-fluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)-2-[[4-phenyl-5-((quinolin-8-yloxy)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]acetamide (5d) were the most active molecules. Also, the antifungal activity of the compounds was found to be higher than their antibacterial activity although lower than the standard drug’s potential. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the compounds were calculated which were evaluated to be at a suitable range for oral administration.     

A convenient ultrasound-promoted synthesis of some new thiazole derivatives bearing a coumarin nucleus and their cytotoxic activity

Successful implementation of ultrasound irradiation for the rapid synthesis of a novel series of 3-[1-(4-substituted-5-(aryldiazenyl)thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl]-2H-chromen-2-ones 5a-h, via reactions of 2-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene) thiosemicarbazide (2) and the hydrazonoyl halides 3(4), was demonstrated. Also, a new series of 5-arylidene-2-(2-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-ones 10a-d were synthesized from reaction of 2 with chloroacetic acid and different aldehydes. Moreover, reaction of 2-cyano-N'-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)-acetohydrazide (12) with substituted benzaldehydes gave the respective arylidene derivatives 13a-c under the conditions employed. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned based on elemental analyses and spectral data. Also, the cytototoxic activities of the thiazole derivative 5a was evaluated against HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes). It was found that compound 5a possess potent cytotoxic activity.     

Design and synthesis of diethyl(substituted 2-benzylbenzofuran-3-yl)phosphonates as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents

In continuance of our effort to improve novel and potent synthetic approaches for various bioactive phosphorylated heterocycles via C─P bond formation, a series of diethyl substituted(2-benzylbenzofuran-3-yl)phosphonate derivatives ( 4a - j ) was synthesized by one-pot reaction of various diversely substituted salicylaldehydes, phenyl acetylene, and diethyl phosphite using CuO nanoparticles as catalyst in 1:1 ethanol and water under room temperature. The new compounds have been studied for their radical scavenging activity by DPPH, H₂O₂, and NO approaches and antimicrobial activity assay against bacteria and fungi by disk diffusion method.     

Synthesis and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Novel MKC-442 Analogues Containing Alkenyl Chains or Reactive Functionalities in the 6-Benzyl Group

In an effort to obtain more insight into the anti-HIV efficacy of MKC-442 analogues (1-(alkoxymethyl)-6-benzyluracils), a new series of compounds was synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The modifications include a reactive center such as an aldehyde or an epoxide substituted at the benzyl group. It was believed that such reactive groups could improve the activity against HIV for the Y181C mutant by forming a covalent bond to the mercapto group in cysteine in the hydrophobic pocket. Unfortunately, only moderate activities were found in cell-based assays for such compounds against wild-type HIV and no activity against the Y181C mutant. However, higher activities were found for a corresponding oxime and the precursor molecules with butenyl and allyloxy substituents in the benzyl group. A few amino-DABO and S-DABO analogues were also synthesized, but they were found inactive against HIV.     

Synthesis and antimycobacterial screening of new 4-(4-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinoline derivatives

A new series of 4-(4-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinoline ( 6a-t ) have been synthesized by a click reaction of 4-(4-ethynyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinoline ( 4a-d ) with a substituted benzyl azide ( 5a-e ). The starting alkyne derivatives 4a-d are obtained from Bestmann-Ohira reaction of 1-phenyl-3-(quinolin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde and dimethyl(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate. The newly synthesized compounds are screened against M. tuberculosis H37Ra dormant and active, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains at 30 μg/mL concentration. Most of the screened compounds showed good to moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strains. The synthesized derivatives of quinolinyl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde and quinolinyl-pyrazole-4-ethyne reportd good to moderate activity against both strains of M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Ten derivatives of quinolinyl-pyrazole presented good activity against B. subtilis. These results suggested that further optimization and development of quinolinyl-pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazole moeity could serve as lead compounds for antimycobacterial activity.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) and dihydro-alkylthio-benzyloxopyrimidine (S-DABO) analogs containing a benzo[<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>]thiazol moiety

A series of novel dihydro-alkylthio-benzyloxopyrimidine (S-DABO) and 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) analogs bearing a (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl moiety at the C⁶ position of the pyrimidine core have been synthesized. 5-Allyl-6-{(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl}-2-thiouracil and 5-allyl-6-{(benzo-[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl}uracil were alkylated to give, respectively, S²- and N¹- ethoxymethyl and -methylthiomethyl uracil derivatives. 5-Allyl-6-[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-thiouracil was also alkylated by S² with methyl bromoacetate and hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid.     

Synthesis of new tetrazole and triazole substituted pyroglutamic acid and proline derivatives

Racemic 4-(substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl), 4-aryl and 4-(arylmethyl)tetrazolyl-pyroglutamic and proline derivatives were synthesized from dimethyl-2,4-dibromoglutaryle 1 in good yield using mild reaction conditions. The key step for the preparation of the triazole substituted molecule was the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an acetylenic compound with an azido derivative. The tetrazole derivatives were prepared by the selective N2-alkylation of 5-substituted tetrazoles with 1.     

Microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel substituted thiosemicarbazide derivatives of pyrimidine

A new series of antimicrobial thiosemicarbazide substituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by using thiosemicarbazide and ethyl 2-((2-amino-5-carbamoyl-6-[substituted benzyl] pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)acetate derivatives and subsequent addition of acetaldehyde and acetone. The designed compounds were screened for Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia in comparison with the standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and antifungal effect against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigates in comparison with the standard drug Ketoconazole reveal the potency of synthesized derivatives. In accordance with the data obtained from antimicrobial activity, all the synthesized derivatives have shown good activity against the tested microbes. Among them, compound bearing 2-hydroxy and 3-chloro derivatives of thiosemicarbazide substituted pyrimidine has shown good activity against all the tested organisms.     

新型含噻唑和三唑环的亚胺类化合物的合成及生物活性研究

设计合成了一系列新型含有噻唑和三唑环的亚胺类化合物, 其结构经元素分析、1H NMR和X射线晶体衍射确证. 生物活性测试结果表明, 部分化合物在50 μg/L浓度下对苹果轮纹菌具有一定的杀菌活性.