去肾上腺素在L-半胱氨酸修饰金电极上的电化学行为及其分析研究

应用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了去甲肾上腺素(NE)在L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰金电极(L-Cys/Au)上的电化学行为。结果表明:在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,L-Cys/Au对去甲肾上腺素具有明显的电催化作用。由方波伏安法测定的氧化峰电流在NE浓度1.0×10-6~4.0×10-5mol/L和6.0×10-5~4.0×10-4mol/L范围内分段呈线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9941和0.9962,检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L。已用于分析针剂样品。     

磷钼杂多阴离子薄膜修饰电极及其应用——循环伏安法测定植酸中无机磷

本文采用含磷10μg/ml的5×10~(-3)mol/L钼酸铵-0.5mol/L硫酸-20％(V/V)丙酮溶液为电极修饰液,制备了性能优良的以玻碳为基体的PMo_(12)薄膜修饰电极,并应用于植酸中无机磷的测定。检测限为0.04μg/ml磷;相对标准偏差(n=5)为4.32％,加标回收率为98％～108％。本法还可应用于植酸及其它含磷试样的分析。     

2-羟基-3-(三乙胺基)丙基正癸基硫醚修饰碳糊电极测定痕量金

制备了2＿羟基＿3＿(三乙胺基)丙基正癸基硫醚修饰碳糊电极,用于痕量金的测定。研究了电极的伏安特性及分析条件。在0.2mo／LKCl-HCl缓冲溶液中(pH1),Au(Ⅲ)被富集到电极表面,然后介质交换到0.2mol／LKCl-HCl空白溶液中(pH1)进行阳极溶出伏安测定,对于5min富集,Au(Ⅲ)浓度在2×10-8～1×10-6mol／L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1×10-8mol／L,相对标准偏差5.2%,一般常见离子不干扰。     

核黄素的微分脉冲溶出伏安分析

采用循环伏安法和微分脉冲溶出伏安法,对核黄素在裸金电极和巯基化合物分子自组装膜修饰金电极上的电化学行为进行了研究,发现在pH4.8的B-R缓冲溶液中,核黄素在裸金电极和分子自组装膜修饰金电极上均于-0.35V左右产生一对可逆的氧化还原峰。核黄素在裸金电极和谷胱甘肽、三巯基丙酸、二巯基苯丙咪唑分子自组装膜修饰金电极上,其浓度分别在3.0×10-7～2.3×10-4mol/L、1.05×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L、2.1×10-6～2.08×10-4mol/L、1.05×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L范围内与微分脉冲伏安峰峰电流之间有良好的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.9932、0.9909、0.9857、0.9832,核黄素的检出限为2.1×10-7mol/L、5.2×10-7mol/L、8.6×10-7mol/L、5.2×10-7mol/L。对浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L的核黄素进行10次平行测定,所得峰电流的相对标准偏差为2.0%。将该方法用于核黄素片剂和复合维生素B片剂的测定,结果令人满意。     

青椒籽浆-碳糊生物电极的研制及应用

本文研制了青椒籽浆-碳糊生物电极,并探讨了电极的性能及实用性,实验表明,该电极可用于伏安法快速检测L-抗坏血酸,线性范围为1.15×10~(-5)～1.24×10~(-4)mol/L,检测下限可达到9.87×10~(-6)mol/L,电极具有良好的重现性和选择性,响应时间短,使用寿命为12d。     

乙二胺四乙酸二钠/碳糊修饰电极测定银离子

报道EDTA/碳糊修饰电极的制备及对银离子的测定。该电极在硝酸介质中 - 0 .6 0V(vs .Ag/AgCl)电位下富集Ag+ ,在 +0 .0 8V处得到一个灵敏的阳极溶出峰 ,峰电流与Ag+ 浓度在 1.0× 10 -9～ 1.0× 10 -6mol/L范围呈良好线性关系 ,检出限为 6 .8× 10 -10 mol/L。     

甲苯胺蓝修饰电极的电化学性质及对抗坏血酸的测定

研究了甲苯胺蓝(TB)聚合膜修饰金电极的制备及其电化学性质,并用于抗坏血酸(AA)的测定。在pH 6.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,AA在甲苯胺蓝修饰金电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电流与AA的浓度在3.9×10-5~1.0×10-2mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.3×10-5mol/L。该电极重现性良好,已用于实际样品中AA的测定。     

嵌入式超薄碳糊膜银离子传感器的研究

研制了一种新颖的超薄碳糊膜银离子传感电极 .在镍铬合金基体上通过嵌入碳糊薄膜而制得该电极 .用电位法研究了电极的响应特性 ,电极电位E (mV)与银离子浓度在 1.0× 10 -6～ 1.0× 10 -2 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,相关系数为 0 .9998,检测限为 6.0× 10 -7mol/L ,对银离子的响应斜率为 5 8.3～ 60 .3mV/ ( -logcAg+ ) .电极制作简单、费用很低、稳定性良好 ,可用作银离子指示电极     

纳米金修饰玻碳电极对儿茶酚的催化氧化

研究了电沉积纳米金修饰玻碳电极对儿茶酚的催化氧化,发现该修饰电极使儿茶酚的氧化电位大大降低,峰电流显著增大并且线性范围较宽;讨论了酸度、沉积量、扫速等条件对儿茶酚在纳米金修饰玻碳电极上催化氧化的影响。该电极制备简单,重现性好,用于儿茶酚的定量分析,发现儿茶酚氧化峰电流与浓度在2.0×10-6~1.2×10-2mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9965,检出限(3σ)为3.2×10-7mol/L;用于样品检测,效果较好。     

正交设计和均匀设计用于硒-金膜修饰电极制备条件的选择

硒代胱氨酸在硒 金(Se Au)膜修饰玻碳电极上产生两个灵敏的氧化还原峰:峰II(-500mV左右)和峰III(-327mV左右),以峰II的峰电流作为评价指标,采用正交设计与均匀设计相结合的方法对Se Au膜修饰电极的制备条件进行优化得到最佳优化条件:底液0.1mol LKCl;沉积电位为-850mV;沉积时间为60s;SeO2浓度为8.3×10-3mol L;AuCl3浓度为8.9×10-4mol L。均匀设计的数据应用Matlab计算机软件处理。依此制备的Se Au膜修饰电极性能稳定,用于硒代胱氨酸伏安特性研究有良好的重现性。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。