电化学联用技术研究微生物的胞外电子传递机制

胞外电子传递（EET）是指氧化还原反应所产生的电子在微生物细胞内和细胞外的电子受体/电子供体之间互相转移的过程,这一过程伴随着能量和物质的转化。阐明EET机制是提高微生物能量和物质转化效率的基础,为元素的生物地球化学循环、金属防腐以及生物电化学系统的应用等提供理论支撑。电化学技术作为研究电极/溶液界面电子转移的简便、有效方法,在研究微生物的直接电子传递和间接电子传递机制中发挥了重要的作用,也促进了EET机制的研究从宏观层面到微观层面不断深入。本文综述了研究微生物EET机制所涉及的电化学联用技术（包括微电极、扫描电化学显微镜、电化学联用光学显微镜和光谱电化学等）;详细介绍了这些电化学联用技术的功能和优势;重点阐述了这些电化学联用技术如何推动着EET机制的研究,从宏观的生物膜层面到微观的单个微生物细胞、蛋白和分子层面不断深入;展望了新的电化学联用技术在EET研究领域的应用前景。     

活性炭二次活化对其电化学容量的影响（英文）

为进一步提高作为电化学超级电容器电极材料活性炭的电化学容量,采用KOH作为二次活性剂,将所得活性炭进行二次化学活化处理,从而得到二次活化活性炭.将原始活性炭材料与二次活化活性炭材料都分别经过系列处理,组装成电化学超级电容器进行电化学性能测试.测试结果表明,二次活化活性炭材料的电化学容量达到145.0F·g-1（有机电解液）,远远大于原活性炭材料的容量（45.0F·g^-1）.为研究二次活化活性炭材料电化学容量大幅提高的原因,将这两种材料分别进行微观结构数据测试,包括比表面积、N2吸脱附等温曲线和孔径分布.研究结果表明,二次活化处理大大增加了二次活化活性炭材料在孔径为2-3nm的中孔分布,从而证实对于有机电解液,电极材料在2-3nm的中孔对其电化学容量的提高具有重要意义.     

不断创新的电化学研究方法：厦门大学电化学研究工作简介之二

不断创新的电化学研究方法（厦门大学电化学研究工作简介之二）林仲华，罗瑾，田中群，孙世刚，林昌健，毛秉伟，杨勇，林华水执笔（固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，厦门大学化学系，厦门３６１００５）１历史的回顾与自然科学的其它分支学科一样，电化学科学的建立和纵...     

中学化学教学中的有关电化学问题：谈原电池,电化学腐蚀

本文讨论了中学电化学教学中的两方面问题：一是电化学中的三大类电极如何构成各种原电池,并正确写出电极反应和电池反应,由反应正确设计出电池提出了规律性建议并示例;二是将原电池理论应用于电化学腐蚀,讨论了析氢腐蚀和吸氧腐蚀的可能性及规律,并解释了中学常见的疑难问题。     

固态电化学气体传感器的最新发展

本文从固态电化学气体传感器的一般原理,着重评述了固态电化学气体传感器的分类依据及每类传感器的发展;并对极有应用潜力的第三类电化学气体传感器的发展水平及其方向进行了论述。     

化学镀镍磷合金在浓NaOH溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

微观结构;腐蚀电化学;化学镀镍磷合金在浓NaOH溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为     

有机电化学的发展史

本文回顾了有机电化学和有机电化学工业的发展历程,阐述了有机电化学的研究领域,从而展望了有机电化学的发展方向.     

基于DNA为模板的铂纳米线的电化学制备

基于DNA为模板的铂纳米线的电化学制备;铂纳米线;电化学还原;DNA模板     

有机电化学的发展史

本文回顾了有机电化学和有机电化学工业的发展历程，阐述了有机电化学的研究领域，从而展望了有机电化学的发展方向。     

电化学原位拉曼光谱的应用及进展

常规电化学研究方法是以电信号为激励和检测手段,它提供的是电化学体系的各种微观信息的总和,难以准确地鉴别复杂体系的各反应物、中间物和产物,并解释电化学反应机理．近年来,由谱学方法（以光为激励和检测手段）与常规电化学方法相结合产生的谱学电化学技术得到迅速...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.