基于Cosserat理论的四边简支自由振动微平板尺度效应研究

微观下材料内部结构将极大地影响材料的力学性能,对微纳米器件中典型的微平板结构尺度效应进行研究具有十分重要的意义.论文基于Cosserat理论推导出了微平板自由振动的微分方程,并根据四边简支边界条件假设振型函数,给出了固有频率的计算公式,对不同尺寸微平板固有频率的尺度效应进行了仿真分析.结果表明,考虑了尺度效应的微平板自由振动固有频率要高于经典理论中的固有频率.当特征长度与微平板厚度大小相当时,微平板固有频率表现出明显的尺度效应,并随着特征长度的增加而增大.同时,自由振动的尺度效应将随着微平板厚度的减小而逐渐增强,振动模态及长宽比不影响尺度效应.论文的研究将为微结构与系统的应用提供一定的理论基础.     

蜂窝层芯夹层板结构振动与传声特性研究

蜂窝层芯夹层板应用于飞行器、高速列车等交通工具的主体及底板结构时需要考虑其振动及隔声特性. 针对声压激励下的四边简支蜂窝层芯夹层板结构,应用基于Reissner夹层板理论的结构振动方程建立了的声振耦合理论模型(声压以简支模态双级数的形式引入振动控制方程),结合流固耦合条件求解了声振耦合系统控制方程,应用有限元模拟对理论预测进行了验证. 基于理论模型的数值计算结果,系统研究了蜂窝层芯夹层板结构的振动特性和传声特性,刻画了层芯厚度、蜂窝壁厚、夹层板面内尺寸和声压入射角度等关键系统参数对夹层板振动和传声特性的影响,为此类结构的工程优化设计提供了必要的理论参考.     

基于尺寸效应的FG-SMA微梁非线性自由振动特性研究

形状记忆合金具有相变温度低、输出应力高、能耗小、驱动电压低、可恢复应变大、生物相容性好等特性。随着形状记忆合金制备技术的进一步发展,有学者提出将功能梯度形状记忆合金材料用于微机电系统等智能微结构,将使其具有更优良的特性。因此开展机电多场耦合功能梯度形状记忆合金微结构的非线性自由振动特性研究具有重要研究价值。本文基于冯卡门几何非线性理论,综合考虑静电力和分子间作用力的影响,考虑尺寸效应,基于修正偶应力理论,建立两端固定的功能梯度形状记忆合金微梁模型,对功能梯度形状记忆合金微梁相变前后的机电耦合非线性自由振动问题进行深入研究,分析了尺寸效应参数、几何结构参数和相变参数等对功能梯度形状记忆合金微梁自由振动特性的影响。     

基于尺寸效应的FG-SMA微梁非线性自由振动特性研究

形状记忆合金具有相变温度低、输出应力高、能耗小、驱动电压低、可恢复应变大、生物相容性好等特性。随着形状记忆合金制备技术的进一步发展,有学者提出将功能梯度形状记忆合金材料用于微机电系统等智能微结构,将使其具有更优良的特性。因此开展机电多场耦合功能梯度形状记忆合金微结构的非线性自由振动特性研究具有重要研究价值。本文基于冯卡门几何非线性理论,综合考虑静电力和分子间作用力的影响,考虑尺寸效应,基于修正偶应力理论,建立两端固定的功能梯度形状记忆合金微梁模型,对功能梯度形状记忆合金微梁相变前后的机电耦合非线性自由振动问题进行深入研究,分析了尺寸效应参数、几何结构参数和相变参数等对功能梯度形状记忆合金微梁自由振动特性的影响。     

复杂板壳结构声振耦合特性的理论与实验研究

0引言 在国家民用工业及国防工业减振降噪重大应用需求的牵引下,本文通过理论建模、实验验证和数值计算研究了汽车、高速列车、舰艇/潜艇及航空航天飞行器中常用典型复杂板壳结构的声振耦合特性[1-13],建立了相对完善可靠的结构声振耦合特性理论表征体系,分析了关键结构参数对结构声振耦合特性的影响,揭示了弯曲波在结构中的传播规律及结构的声辐射/传声特性,提山了轻质、高强度、声辐射小及隔声性能优良的复杂板壳结构的创新优化设计概念,初步建立了综合结构质量、力学刚度和声振耦合特性的优化设计理论和判据,为典型板壳/板腔结构在民用工业及国防工业中的应用奠定了理论基础、实验依据并提供了技术支撑.     

热应力作用下结构声-振耦合响应数值分析

考察飞行器结构热应力对结构及其内声腔声-振耦合特性的影响,建立考虑热应力因素的声-振耦合动力学有限元方程,对一个典型飞行器结构考虑热应力时的声-振耦合动力学响应进行分析。计算结果表明,热应力的存在对耦合模型的固有频率影响较小,受热应力影响较大的区域主要集中在机头及机身等部位,其固有振动特性有较明显的变化。通过对比结构加速度与内声腔声压级的响应结果发现,热应力的影响主要表现为系统响应幅值及峰值位置的改变。     

考虑尺度效应的微梁刚柔耦合动力学分析

摘要：不少微观实验已经证实,微尺度领域材料的力学性能存在尺度效应。文章以转动刚体、柔性微梁组成的刚柔耦合系统为研究对象,采用偶应力理论（又称 Cosserat理论）研究微梁动力学特性的尺度效应,运用拉格朗日方程推导出系统考虑尺度效应的一次近似刚柔耦合动力学方程。仿真结果表明,较本文提出的一次近似耦合模型,传统的零次近似耦合模型在刚体作高速旋转时不能正确地描述微梁的动力学行为;尺度效应使微梁振动的振幅减小,频率增大。     

静电激励MEMS微结构吸合电压尺寸效应研究

基于应变梯度弹性理论,研究了静电激励MEMS微结构吸合电压的尺寸效应。利用最小势能原理分别推导出含尺寸效应的一维梁模型和二维板模型的高阶控制方程。采用广义微分求积法和拟弧长算法对控制方程进行了数值求解。结果表明,随着结构尺寸的降低,新模型所预测的归一化的吸合电压呈非线性增长,表现出尺寸效应(特别是当结构尺寸与内禀常数在同一数量级时尺寸效应更加强烈);而相应的经典理论模型并不能预测此尺寸效应。两种新模型可视为相应经典理论的推广。本文有助于研究MEMS微结构的特性并对微结构的设计有潜在的应用价值。     

微纳米尺度效应作用下充流微通道系统波动特性研究

结合非局部弹性应力/应变梯度耦合本构关系和流体非局部应力关系式,基于Euler梁理论,建立了充流微通道流固耦合波传导模型;根据耦合固体非局部应力/应变梯度弹性效应以及流体非局部效应,分别模拟了微通道和管腔内流体的尺度效应,推导得出了充流微通道在微纳米尺度的波动控制方程和边界条件。通过对控制方程的求解,分析了不同类型尺度效应对微通道的波动和振动特性的影响。结果显示,各类尺度效应对系统的动力学特性影响不同。微通道非局部弹性效应对波动产生阻尼,特别是对波长较短的波传导;而应变梯度弹性效应对波传导有促进作用,且该效应对波动的影响与波长无关;非局部效应和应变梯度效应对微通道刚度产生不同影响,非局部效应降低刚度,应变梯度效应增加刚度。     

钨塑性变形与断裂行为及其辐照效应的研究综述

金属钨具有独特的力学特性和物理化学特性,是核能、航空航天、微机电系统等领域广泛应用的结构材料.钨在服役条件下的变形和断裂行为是影响其服役状态的关键因素之一.但是,钨的塑性变形和断裂表现出异于其它金属材料的力学行为,比如,屈服强度表现出非施密特效应和拉压不对称性,断裂韧性低且具有各向异性、尺寸效应和温度效应,等等.这些特性与钨的位错特性、晶界特性、晶粒尺寸、晶粒取向等微结构紧密相关.辐照条件下高能粒子与钨原子的相互作用会引起其微观组织结构的变化,形成的位错、位错环等辐照缺陷导致钨的辐照硬化和辐照脆化,揭示钨微结构与力学行为之间的物理关系、研究辐照对钨力学行为的影响机制成为近年来关注的热点.论文围绕钨的塑性变形和断裂行为及其辐照效应,从实验、理论、模拟三个方面综述研究者们在原子尺度、位错尺度、单晶尺度、多晶宏观尺度取得的研究成果;最后,对钨力学行为研究方面的重要问题做出展望.     

Nonlinear vibration analysis of micro-plates based on strain gradient elasticity theory

In this study, non-linear free vibration of micro-plates based on strain gradient elasticity theory is investigated. A general form of Mindlin’s first-strain gradient elasticity theory is employed to obtain a general Kirchhoff micro-plate formulation. The von Karman strain tensor is used to capture the geometric non-linearity. The governing equations of motion and boundary conditions are obtained in a variational framework. The Homotopy analysis method is employed to obtain an accurate analytical expression for the non-linear natural frequency of vibration. For some specific values of the gradient-based material parameters, the general plate formulation can be reduced to those based on some special forms of strain gradient elasticity theory. Accordingly, three different micro-plate formulations are introduced, which are based on three special strain gradient elasticity theories. It is found that both geometric non-linearity and size effect increase the natural frequency of vibration. In a micro-plate having a thickness comparable with the material length scale parameter, the strain gradient effect on increasing the non-linear natural frequency is higher than that of the geometric non-linearity. By increasing the plate thickness, the strain gradient effect decreases or even diminishes. In this case, geometric non-linearity plays the main role on increasing the natural frequency of vibration. In addition, it is shown that for micro-plates with some specific thickness to length scale parameter ratios, both geometric non-linearity and size effect have significant role on increasing the frequency of non-linear vibration.     

考虑表面效应的双层圆板的自由振动分析

考虑微生化传感器中谐振器的结构特点,基于Kirchhoff薄板理论与表面弹性理论推导了考虑表面效应的双层圆板的自由振动方程.使用伽辽金法得到了近似解.分析了硬化与软化表面效应与表面残余应力对双层圆板固有频率的影响.结果表明,与已有简化的单层圆板模型相比,现有考虑表面效应的双层板模型会得到与之不同的固有频率.随着板厚与上...     

Analytical solution for squeeze film damping of MEMS perforated circular plates using Green’s function

Squeezed air film between two closely spaced vibrating microstructures is the important source of energy dissipation and has profound effects on the dynamics of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Perforations in the design are one of the methods to model these damping effects. The literature reveals that the analytical modeling of squeeze film damping of perforated circular microplates is less explored; however, these microplates are also an imperative part of the numerous MEMS devices. Here, we derive an analytical model of transverse and rocking motions of a perforated circular microplate. A modified Reynolds equation that incorporates compressibility and rarefaction effects is utilized in the analysis. Pressure distribution under the vibrating microplate is derived by using Green’s function and also derived by finite element method (FEM) to visualize the pressure distribution under perforated and non-perforated areas of the microplate. The analytical damping results are validated with previous renowned analytical models and also with the FEM results. The outcomes confirm the potential of the present analytical model to accurately predict the squeeze film damping parameters.     

基于发动机主轴轴承异常油膜噪声特征的模拟试验研究

由发动机主轴轴承油膜空穴造成的不规则打字机敲击噪声一直是汽车领域未解决的难题. 为了探究发动机主轴轴承动态载荷性能耦合作用下产生的异常空穴噪声,本文作者利用自行设计的平行板挤压油膜试验机进行模拟噪声试验并探究空穴噪声的特征. 该试验机可同时采集振动、位移、声压、力和空穴图像等五种信号,通过试验探究了不同激励信号、挤压振幅、挤压频率、润滑油黏度等因素对空穴噪声的影响,结果表明在方波、大振幅、使用高黏度润滑剂以及挤压频率为12 Hz的状况下容易产生空穴噪声.      

参数激励下静电驱动微机电系统动力特性研究

充分考虑压膜阻尼效应的影响,提出参数激励下时变电容式静电驱动微机电系统的动力学模型,采用谐波平衡法分析在参数激励和强迫激励耦合作用下系统的幅频响应特性,探讨不同控制电压和频率比对系统幅频响应的影响,分别以交流电压幅值、频率比和压膜阻尼比为控制参数研究系统的非线性动力特性,结果表明,微尺度下静电驱动微机电系统在参数激励作用下存在较为丰富的分岔与混沌行为,压膜阻尼效应对系统动力特性的影响不可忽视.      

Analytical modeling of sound transmission through clamped triple-panel partition separated by enclosed air cavities

An analytical model for sound transmission through a clamped triple-panel partition of finite extent and separated by two impervious air cavities is formulated. The solution derived from the model takes the form of that for a clamp supported rectangular plate. A set of modal functions (or more strictly speaking, the basic functions) are employed to account for the clamped boundary conditions, and the application of the virtual work principle leads to a set of simultaneous algebraic equations for determining the unknown modal coefficients. The sound transmission loss (STL) of the triple-panel partition as a function of excitation frequency is calculated and compared with that of a double-panel partition. The model predictions are then used to explore the physical mechanisms associated with the various dips on the STL versus frequency curve, including the equivalent ‘mass-spring’ resonance, the standing-wave resonance and the panel modal resonance. The asymptotic variation of the solution from a finite-sized partition to an infinitely large partition is illustrated in such a way as to demonstrate the influence of the boundary conditions on the soundproofing capability of the partition. In general, a triple-panel partition outperforms a double-panel partition in insulating the incident sound, and the relatively large number of system parameters pertinent to the triple-panel partition in comparison with that of the double-panel partition offers more design space for the former to tailor its noise reduction performance.     

微尺度气体流动

了解微尺度气体流动特点是微机电系统设计和优化的基础.有关的研究可以上溯到20世纪初Knudsen的平面槽道流动质量流量的测量和Millikan的小球阻力系数的测量,实验结果揭示了稀薄气体效应即尺度效应对气体运动的重要影响.由于流动特征长度很小,微尺度气流经常处于滑流区甚至过渡领域,流动的相似参数为Knudsen数和Mach数.因此可以考虑利用相似准则,通过增大几何尺寸、减小压力的途径,解决微机电系统实验观测遇到的困难.为解决直接模拟Monte Carlo方法分析微机电系统中低速稀薄气流遇到的统计涨落困难,我们提出了信息保存法(IP),该方法能够有效克服统计散布,并已成功用于多种微尺度气流.      

A new Kirchhoff plate model based on a modified couple stress theory

In this paper a new Kirchhoff plate model is developed for the static analysis of isotropic micro-plates with arbitrary shape based on a modified couple stress theory containing only one material length scale parameter which can capture the size effect. The proposed model is capable of handling plates with complex geometries and boundary conditions. From a detailed variational procedure the governing equilibrium equation of the micro-plate and the most general boundary conditions are derived, in terms of the deflection, using the principle of minimum potential energy. The resulting boundary value problem is of the fourth order (instead of existing gradient theories which is of the sixth order) and it is solved using the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS) which is a boundary-type meshless method. Several plates of various shapes, aspect and Poisson’s ratios are analyzed to illustrate the applicability of the developed micro-plate model and to reveal the differences between the current model and the classical plate model. Moreover, useful conclusions are drawn from the micron-scale response of this new Kirchhoff plate model.     

Theoretical model for sound transmission through finite sandwich structures with corrugated core

Due to the promising applications of lightweight double-leaf structures in noise control engineering, numerous investigations have been performed to study the vibroacoustic properties of these structures. However, no attention has been focused on the vibroacoustic properties of finite double-leaf structures with corrugated core used extensively in constructing the hulls of bullet passenger trains. In the present paper, a theoretical model is developed to predict the sound transmission loss (STL) characteristics of simply supported double-leaf partitions with corrugated core. The boundary conditions are accounted for by writing the displacements of the face plates in a series form of modal functions. The model predictions are validated by comparing with existing experimental measurements. The vibroacoustic properties of the sandwich construction are examined and the physical mechanisms for sound transmission through the structure explored, including the phenomena of ‘coincidence resonance’ and ‘standing wave resonances’. The effects of structural links, structural dimensions, inclination angle of the corrugated core, as well as the thickness of face plates and core layer on the STL are systematically investigated.