菱形金属纳米粒子光学性质的研究

金属纳米粒子的光学性质与金属纳米粒子的组成、形状、尺寸及周围的介电常数有关。利用时域有限差分法研究菱形纳米粒子的尺寸与其消光特性关系, 发现粒子尺寸的大小对其消光谱共振峰有较大影响, 随着粒子尺寸的增大, 消光谱共振峰可分裂成两个或多个共振峰。而且在可见光范围内波长大于480 nm的区域, 表面等离子体共振峰是偶极子激发模式; 而在波长小于480 nm的区域, 共振模式则比较复杂, 有偶极子模式, 也有多极子模式。计算表明, 波长为480~ 600 nm区间与波长大于600 nm的区间, 菱形纳米粒子的尺寸对消光光谱的峰值和谱线宽度影响不同。在波长为480~600 nm之间, 短轴为140 nm时, 其消光效率最高。     

酞菁铜薄膜的光记录特性

研究了有机染料酞菁铜（ＣｕＰｃ）真空蒸镀薄膜在可见及近红外区域的吸收光谱和光学常数，发现酞菁铜薄膜在５５０－７５０ｎｍ波长范围内具有较强的吸收，在静态测试仪上测试了酞菁铜薄膜的光存储记录特性，发现用低功率氦氖激光照样品时薄膜反射率变化较大，在酞菁记录层上覆盖金属反射层将提高写入激光的阈值能量并且增大反射率的对比度。     

Theoretical Studies of Optical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles

Optical properties of silver nanoparticles such as extinction, absorption and scattering efficiencies are studied based on Green＇s function theory. The numerical simulation results show that optical properties of silver nanoparticles are mainly dependent on their sizes and geometries; the localized plasmon resonance peak is red shifted when the dielectric constant of the particle＇s surrounding medium increases or when a substrate is presented. The influences of wave polarizations, the incident angles of light, the composite silver and multiply-layers on the plasmon resonance are also reported. The numerical simulation of optical spectra is a very useful tool for nanoparticle growth and characterization.     

核-壳结构的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子的荧光增强

采用反胶束方法制备了ZnS :Mn纳米粒子并对其进行了ZnS壳层修饰 ,采用发射光谱和激发光谱对其光学性质进行了研究。与未包覆的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子相比 ,核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子来自于Mn2 离子的 5 80nm的发光增强了数倍 ,归因于ZnS壳增加了Mn2 离子到纳米颗粒表面的距离 ,减弱了Mn2 离子向表面猝灭中心的传递。样品制备后 ,核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子在 5 80nm的发光随时间略有增强 ,激发光谱的位置未发生明显变化 ,而未包覆的ZnS:Mn纳米粒子在 5 80nm的发光显著增强 ,同时自激活发光减弱 ,激发光谱明显发生红移 ,说明未包覆的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子的尺寸随时间增大 ,而核 壳结构的ZnS :Mn纳米粒子尺寸基本不变。     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles

In this paper we overview our recent studies of anisotropic noble metal (e.g. gold and silver) nanoparticles, in which a combination of theory and experiment has been used to elucidate the extinction spectra of the particles, as well as information related to their surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We used wet-chemical methods to generate several structurally well-defined nanostructures other than solid spheres, including silver nanodisks and triangular nanoprisms, and gold nanoshells and multipods. When solid spheres are transformed into one of these shapes, the surface plasmon resonances in these particles are strongly affected, typically red-shifting and even splitting into distinctive dipole and quadrupole plasmon modes. In parallel, we have developed computational electrodynamics methods based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method to determine the origins of these intriguing optical features. This has resulted in considerable insight concerning the variation of plasmon wavelength with nanoparticle size, shape and dielectric environment, as well as the use of these particles for optical sensing applications.     

聚氧化乙烯表面修饰对ZnO光学性质的影响

利用聚氧化乙烯(PEO)对ZnO表面进行修饰,研究有机包覆对ZnO光学性质的影响。用吸收光谱和光致发光光谱来表征和研究PEO包覆对ZnO纳米粒子光学性质的影响。吸收光谱结果表明随着ZnO薄膜中PEO含量的增加,激子吸收峰逐渐向低能侧方向移动。光致发光光谱是由紫外发射和与氧空位有关的深能级缺陷发光组成,且随着ZnO薄膜中PEO含量的增加,紫外发射与深能级发光强度之比逐渐增大,当ZnO薄膜中的PEO达到最大值时,其比值为31．5,远远大于纯ZnO薄膜的紫外发射与深能级发光强度之比1．04。由此可见,ZnO被PEO包覆后,提高了紫外发光效率,改善了ZnO薄膜的质量。     

氧化铜纳米粒子的制备及其SERS特性

采用激光刻蚀法在水溶液中制备了氧化铜纳米粒子,刻蚀完成后将氧化铜胶体沉积在铝片上形成一层氧化铜岛膜.所得纳米粒子的紫外—可见吸收峰在280 nm处,表明所得为氧化铜.原子力显微镜观察表明所制得的纳米粒子具有椭圆状结构,长轴约为30～50 nm,厚度约为8 nm.扫描电镜图片显示氧化铜粒子沉积在铝基底后形成了大小在0.5...     

Au@SiO2纳米核壳结构的制备及光学性质研究

采用一种新方法制备了Au@SiO2核壳结构的纳米颗粒,利用透射电镜和紫外-可见吸收光谱对产物的形貌和稳定性进行了表征。以对巯基苯甲酸(PMBA)作为探针分子,分析了Au@SiO2颗粒的SERS特性,结果表明Au@SiO2/PMBA具有稳定的SERS信号;通过控制SiO2前驱体(TEOS)的使用量,成功实现了对SiO2层厚度的调节;研究了Au@SiO2颗粒在碱性溶液中的稳定性,结果显示在pH 10的溶液中,SiO2壳层在24h内被明显腐蚀,96h后完全消失。此工作将为Au@SiO2的制备、存放和应用提供有益的参考。     

Optical Properties of Spherical Metal Nanoparticles Coated with an Oxide Layer

Optics and Spectroscopy - The optical properties of an ensemble of metal nanoparticles coated with an oxide layer have been investigated within framework of the classical theory. The influence of...     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of SiO2-Coated CeO2 Nanoparticles

Silica (SiO₂)-coated ceria (CeO₂) nanoparticles were prepared using water-in-oil microemulsion. Polyoxyethylene (15) cetylether and cyclohexane were used as a surfactant and organic solvent. SiO₂-coated CeO₂ nanoparticles were obtained by hydrolysis of metal alkoxide (tetraethylorthosilicate, TEOS) in the solution containing CeO₂ precursor nanoparticles. The effects of CeO₂ sources (Ce metal salt) and CeO₂ particle-forming agents on the morphology of SiO₂–CeO₂ particles were investigated. Observation via transmission electron microscopy revealed that the type of particle-forming agent affected the nanoparticles' morphology and that CeO₂ nanoparticles were spherically coated with SiO₂ when using oxalic acid ((COOH)₂) as a particle-forming agent of CeO₂. Furthermore, the transmittance of the particles was high in the visible region (above 400 nm) and decreased in the ultraviolet region.     

Optical Properties of Gamma Irradiated Soda-Lime Silicate Glasses Exchanged with Copper

The effect of copper ion exchange upon the optical absorption and room temperature gamma colouration of soda lime silicate glasses has been investigated. After ion exchange performed at 720 K, copper ions substitute mainly the alkali ions and do modify the optical absorption spectra of the specimens. It has been shown that gamma irradiation does not induce the formation of colloidal copper. Moreover, the colouration process itself is independent of the presence of copper ions. The generated colour centres are rather related to the presence of sodium and potassium ions. The optical bleaching by the UV light occurs in two stages. First disappear centres related to the Na-type defects and next those related to the K-type defects.     

金和银纳米粒子二维周期阵列的光学性质

本文利用离散点偶极子近似方法(DDA)研究了金和银纳米粒子二维周期阵列的光学性质。研究结果表明二维周期阵列的消光性质及其表面等离子共振(SPR)波长受到阵列内粒子组成材料、粒子形状尺寸、阵列周期和阵列排布方式等因素的影响。对于二维正方阵列,当周期较小时(一般小于300 nm),阵列的共振波长主要取决于粒子组成材料和形状尺寸;当周期与阵列单体的共振波长附近时,阵列的消光谱中会出现极窄且锐的SPR共振峰,峰位只与阵列的周期值相关。改变阵列在平行和垂直于入射光偏振方向的周期,可以方便地调节二维长方阵列的共振峰的峰位和峰宽。     

InP纳米颗粒的超快动力学和光学非线性

通过飞秒泵浦-探测方法测量了波长为800 nm时InP半导体纳米颗粒激发态的瞬态动力学过程。观察到一个快速的光致漂白建立和一个漂白的恢复过程,分析饱和吸收的来源可能是带填充效应引起跃迁的饱和吸收。对于漂白恢复中的快过程是由于自由载流子的弛豫,而慢成分是由于光激发载流子在很短的时间内受陷于表面态形成的限域载流子的弛豫。通过飞秒光克尔效应(OKE)方法测量材料的超快非线性响应曲线,计算了材料的光学三阶非线性极化率,分析了非线性的来源。     

纳米微粒SnO2非线性光学特性的Z—扫描技术研究

利用Ｚ－扫描技术，以调ＱＮｄ：ＹＡＧ激光器作光源，首镒在非共振区域研究了ＳｎＯ２纳米微粒的三阶非线性光学性质，获得了三阶非线性极经系数ｘ＾（３）与双光子吸收系数β等重要依据，并对其非线性响应机制进行了探讨。     

核壳结构CdS/ZnS纳米微粒的制备与光学特性

用微乳液法制备CdS纳米微粒 ,以ZnS对其进行表面修饰 ,得到具有核壳结构的CdS/ZnS纳米微粒 .采用X射线衍射 (XRD)、透射电镜 (TEM )表征其结构、粒度和形貌 ,紫外 可见吸收光谱 (UV)、光致发光光谱(PL)表征其光学特性 .制得的CdS近似呈球形 ,直径为 3.3nm ;以XRD和UV证实了CdS/ZnS核壳结构的实现 .研究了不同ZnS壳层厚度对CdS纳米微粒光学性能的影响 ,UV谱表明随着壳层厚度的增加纳米微粒的吸收带边有轻微的红移 ,同时短波吸收增强 ;PL谱表明壳层ZnS的包覆可减少CdS纳米微粒的表面缺陷 ,带边直接复合发光的几率增大 ,具有合适的壳层厚度时发光效率大大提高 .     

金纳米粒子光学性质中的尺寸和形状效应

纳米尺度的金属及半导体呈现出特殊的光学、电学及磁学性质,采用近年发展起来的离散偶极近似(DDA)的方法,我们分析了金纳米粒子的尺寸及形状对其光学性质的影响。粒子周围介质的影响在文中亦作了分析。计算结果显示,金纳米粒子的等离子体吸收带同时受到粒子尺寸和形状的影响,但来自形状的影响更为明显。与米氏理论及扩展的甘氏理论相比较,DDA方法在粒子尺寸不再远小于入射光波长的时候更准确,并能应用于任何形状的纳米粒子。理论计算与实验结果能较好的吻合。     

Zno纳米粒子在PS中空微反应器中的合成与光学性能

通过种子乳液聚合合成核壳结构的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚苯乙烯(PMMA/PS)复合微球,通过酸碱溶胀法进一步制备出次微米级的PS中空微球. 将此中空微球作为微反应器,使在ZnO纳米粒子前驱体溶液中溶胀, 最终ZnO纳米粒子在PS中空微球中原位生成. 实验表明, 组成ZnO纳米粒子前驱体溶液的两种组 分(CH₃COO)₂Zn和LiOH的滴加顺序不同对最终生成的ZnO纳米粒子的尺寸和负载效率有很大的影响,但并不改变ZnO纳米粒子的晶型. 复合物的光致发光和UV-Vis吸