红外光谱研究PEO基离子液体聚合物电解质

以聚氧化乙烯(PEO)为聚合物基体, 双三氟甲基磺酸亚酰胺锂(LiTFSI)为锂盐, 加入不同量的离子液体(BMIMPF₆)为增塑剂, 制备离子液体聚合物电解质. 运用发射FTIR光谱技术实时监测所制备聚合物电解质的结构随温度的变化. 结合FTIR透射光谱\, SEM和XRD的研究结果分析了离子液体对离子电导率的影响, 并初步提出离子导电增强机制.     

Morphological and Interaction Characteristics of Surface-Active Ionic Liquids and Palmitic Acid in Mixed Monolayers

A series of water soluble, surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), namely, 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium chlorides ([C_n-mim]Cl) and their mixtures with palmitic acid (PA) are investigated in Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir–Blodgett films. It is inferred from the surface pressure-area isotherms that C₁₆-mim-IL mixes non-ideally with PA and stabilizes the binary mixed films. In addition, the residence of mim-IL at the water surface is enhanced as a function of the increasing alkyl side chain length. Generally, the compressional moduli values decrease upon increasing the content of the mim-ILs over a wide range of compositions. Furthermore, film relaxation measurements indicate that the IL component is selectively excluded from the mixed films upon achieving a certain target pressure. Brewster angle microscope images demonstrate minimal changes on the PA domains in the presence of either C₄- and C₈-mim-ILs, whereas presence of the hexadecyl counterpart results in the formation of condensed sheets. Atomic force microscopy imaging of deposited films show the formation of propeller-like aggregates when C₈- or C₁₆-mim-IL is present in the mixed films.     

丙烯酰胺型阴离子表面活性单体的化学结构与其胶束化行为

对两种丙烯酰胺型阴离子表面活性单体(2-丙烯酰胺基十四烷磺酸钠, NaAMC₁₄S; 2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷磺酸钠, NaAMC₁₂S)的化学结构与胶束化行为的关系进行了较深入的研究. 使用紫外分光光度法测定了NaAMC₁₄S, NaAMC₁₂S及十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)在水中的溶解度, 同时采用表面张力法(环法)测定了它们在不同温度下的临界胶束浓度CMC; 采用稳态荧光探针法测定了不同浓度的胶束聚集数与本征胶束聚集数. 实验结果表明, 与普通表面活性剂相比, 由于丙烯酰胺型阴离子表面活性单体分子中具有两个亲水头基, 在水中的溶解性能较强, 故具有较低的Krafft温度; 在溶液表面的饱和吸附量低, 故降低水表面张力的能力较差, 即表面活性差; 疏水缔合的胶团较为疏松, 故聚集数很小; 胶束内分子间的疏水相互作用较弱, 故临界胶束浓度CMC较高.     

Fluorescence Spectroscopic Analysis of the Interaction of Papain with Ionic Liquids

The interaction between papain and two typical ionic liquids (ILs), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C₈mim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C₄mim]Cl), was investigated by using fluorescence spectroscopy technique at a pH value of 7.4. The results suggested that ILs could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of papain probably via a static quenching mechanism. The binding constants were determined by employing the fluorescence quenching method. They were very small compared with that of volatile organic solvents, indicating that only very weak interaction between ILs and papain existed. The Gibbs free energy change (?G), enthalpy change (?H), and entropy change (?S) during the interaction of papain and ILs were estimated. Negative values of these parameters indicated that the interaction between ILs and papain was a spontaneous process, also implying that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces played important roles in the interaction processes.

聚噻吩在离子液体中的电化学合成研究

Polythiophene（PTh）films were prepared by the direct electropolymerization of thiophene in the ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate（BMIM）PF6 . The structure and morphology of PTh films were characterized by means of the FT-IR spectrum and the scanning electron microscopy（ SEM）. The electrical and electrochemical properties of PTh films were examined with the UV-Vis spectrum,cyclic voltammetry（CV） and four-probe method. The results showed that when the potential for electropolymerization was controlled between +1.7 and +1.9 V（vs. Ag/AgCl）,very homogeneous PTh films could be prepared in the ionic liquid （BMIM）PF6 used as solvent and electrolyte. The de-doping（reduction）and re-doping（re-oxidation）of the PTh film prepared in ionic liquid are reversible and stable,and the conductivity of PTh films is 0.01-0.1 S/cm.     

Interaction of Human Serum Albumin with Indomethacin: Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Studies

In this work, the interaction between indomethacin (IM) and human serum albumin (HSA) under simulative physiological conditions was investigated by the methods of fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. The experiment results showed that the fluorescence quenching of HSA by IM was a result of the formation of an IM–HSA complex and the corresponding association constants (K _a) between IM and HSA at four different temperatures were determined according to the modified Stern–Volmer equation. The resulting thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS at different temperatures indicate that the hydrophobic force plays a major role for IM–HSA association, but hydrogen bonds also could not be excluded. A molecular modeling study further confirmed the binding mode and indicated that the binding of IM to HSA primarily takes place in sub-domain IIA (site I). The conformational investigation showed that the presence of IM decreased the α-helical content of HSA and induced slight unfolding of the polypeptides of protein, which confirmed that some microenvironmental and conformational changes occur for HSA molecules.     

Spectroscopic and Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Interaction of Nile Blue with DNA

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Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Studies on the Interaction of Gallocyanine with DNA

The interaction of gallocyanine (GC) with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in pH 3.5 Tris‐HCl buffer solution was investigated by electrochemical methods and spectrophotometric methods as well. In the potential scan range of ‐0.25 ? +0.18 V(vs. SCE), GC had a couple of well‐defined redox peaks at ‐0.022 V and ‐0.069 V on a cyclic voltammogram at the scan rate of 100.0 mV/s, respectively. After the addition of dsDNA into the GC solution, the redox‐peak currents decreased obviously and the peak potentials shifted positively. The results demonstrated that GC binding to DNA was caused by intercalation. Electrochemical parameters such as the electron number (n), the charge transfer coefficient (α) and the electrochemical reaction standard rate constant (k_s) were calculated and compared in the absence and presence of dsDNA. Almost unchanged values of the electrochemical parameters after adding dsDNA showed that non‐electroactive complexes were formed when GC interacted with DNA. The results indicated that the decrease of the redox‐peak currents was caused by the decrease of the free concentration of GC in the reaction solution. The binding constant and binding ratio were investigated by spectrophotometric methods. DNA concentration can be determined by the decrease of the peak current of GC. The linear range for dsDNA was in the range of 1.45 × 10^?7 ? 1.45 × 10^?6mol/Land 1.45 × 10^?6 ? 1.45 × 10^?5 mol/L, respectively with the linear regression equation as Δi_P (10^?7 A) = 0.037 + 0.018C (10^?7mol/L), and Δi_P (10^?7 A) = 0.25 + 0.041C (10^?6mol/L), respectively, and the detection limit (3σ) was 1.13 × 10^?7 mol/L.     

Entrapping an Ionic Liquid with Nanocarbon: The Formation of a Tailorable and Functional Surface

An interface microenvironment between nanocarbon and ionic liquids (ILs) is presented. By an entrapping effect, a few layers of ILs can be finely deposited on the surface of nanocarbon, endowing amazingly tailorable surface properties. The entrapped IL layer, which was believed to be unable to be charred under pyrolysis conditions alone, can be further carbonized to a functional carbon layer. C, B, and N were confirmed to share the same hexagonal ring in the resultant layer, which provides more designable electronic properties.     

离子液体微乳液体系的应用研究

室温离子液体具有诸多优异的物理化学性质及功能,是一类备受关注的新型介质和材料,应用于诸多领域。特别是近年来,由离子液体参与形成的微乳液因其在生物、医药、催化以及材料制备等领域具有潜在的应用前景而备受关注。本文综述了近年来咪唑类离子液体作为极性、非极性和表面活性剂组分,分别取代微乳液体系中的水相、油相和表面活性剂相,形成的一系列新型的微乳液体系的研究进展,归纳了水、有机溶剂、高聚物、助表面活性剂、温度等因素对离子液体微乳液性质的影响。重点介绍了离子液体微乳液的热点应用,包括以离子液体微乳液液滴为模板合成纳米材料,离子液体微乳液作为酶反应的介质及其在有机反应等方面的研究进展。     

不同浓度和温度时无机盐和尿素对抗抑郁剂药物丙咪嗪盐酸盐的胶束化行为的影响

In the present study we report the micellization behavior of imipramine hydrochloride(IMP)in absence and presence of different concentrations of inorganic salts(LiCl,NaF,NaCl,NaBr,and KCl)and ureas(urea and thiourea)over the temperature range from 288.15 to 303.15 K.The critical micellization concentrations(cmc)of drug and drug+additive systems were determined by conductometric technique. With increasing temperature the cmc first increases then decreases.Maximum cmc values were obtained at 293.15 K with or without additives.In presence of inorganic salts the cmc value decreases which is explained on the basis of nature and ion size of the added ion.Urea and thiourea also decrease the cmc at low concentrations(0.2 mmo·lL -1 urea and 0.1 mmo·lL -1 thiourea),but,at higher concentrations,increase in cmc is observed.The related thermodynamic parameters are also evaluated and discussed.     

毛细管电泳法表征离子液体与蛋白质的相互作用

基于毛细管区带电泳考察了不同离子液体的阳离子母核、烷基侧链碳原子数目和阴离子组成对牛血清白蛋白的影响,以及离子液体[C4mim]BF4与肌红蛋白、牛血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、牛凝血酶和转铁蛋白之间的相互作用。利用亲和毛细管电泳法比较了[C4mim]BF4与上述蛋白之间的相互作用,并计算得到结合常数Kb分别为1.24×107 L/mol,1.23×106 L/mol,5.75×104 L/mol和5.60×104 L/mol。结果表明,转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、牛血清白蛋白与离子液体的相互作用依次减弱,存在1～2个数量级的差异。结合毛细管区带电泳和亲和毛细管电泳模式可实现离子液体与多种蛋白质相互作用的定性与定量表征。     

Studies on Liquid/liquid Extraction of Copper Ion with Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Room temperature ionic liquids are regarded as “Green solvents” for their nonvolatile and thermally stable properties. They are employed to replace traditional volatile organic solvents in organic synthesis, solvent extraction, and electrochemistry. In this work, a water immiscible room temperature ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C₄mim][PF₆], was used as an alternative solvent for liquid/liquid extraction of copper ions. Metal chelators, including dithizone, 8‐hydroxyquinoline, and 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol, were employed to form neutral metal‐chelate complexes with copper ions so that copper ions were extracted from aqueous solution into [C₄mim][PF₆]. The parameters that affect the extraction of copper ions with this biphasic system were investigated. The extraction behavior in this novel biphasic system is shown to be consistent with that of traditional solvents. For example, the extraction with this biphasic system is strongly pH dependent. So, the extraction efficiency of coppers ion from an aqueous phase can be manipulated by tailoring the pH value of the extraction system. Hence, the extraction, separation and preconcentraction of copper ions can be accomplished by controlling the pH value of the extraction system. It appears that the use of ionic liquid as an alternate solvent system in liquid/liquid extraction of copper ions is very promising.     

光谱法研究Cu2+与肌红蛋白的相互作用

用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、同步荧光光谱及圆二色(CD)谱研究了Cu2+与肌红蛋白(Mb)的相互作用. 结果发现, Cu2+使Mb的紫外吸收增强, 峰位蓝移, 说明Cu2+与Mb发生了较强的相互作用; Mb的特征荧光峰猝灭, 且随着温度升高猝灭常数Ksv降低, 表明Cu2+对Mb的荧光猝灭机制属于静态猝灭; 计算了不同温度下的结合常数和结合位点数; 由van′t Hoff方程计算出ΔH和ΔS分别为-11.60 kJ/mol和33.77 J·(mol·K)-1, 得出二者之间的作用力主要为静电力; 并依据Förster非辐射能量转移理论确定了给体-受体间的结合距离r=2.56 nm. 同步荧光光谱表明, Cu2+对Mb的构象产生影响, 使色氨酸残基的疏水性下降. CD光谱测得加入Cu2+后, 二级结构发生改变, 使α-螺旋含量降低.     

烟碱与人血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在0．1moL／L的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸体系中，采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究了人血清蛋白与烟碱的相互作用。荧光滴定表明这种相互作用使HSA的内源荧光猝灭。通过猝灭常数、结合常数和结合位点数的计算，证明了这种猝灭为静态猝灭机制。尼古丁和HsA形成1：1稳定复合物；考察不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用，进一步证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制。紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明，相互作用引起HSA构象变化，而同步荧光光谱提示结合位点更接近于色氨酸。     

烟碱与人血清蛋白相互作用的光谱研究

在0.1 mol/L的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸体系中,采用荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱研究了人血清蛋白与烟碱的相互作用.荧光滴定表明这种相互作用使HSA的内源荧光猝灭.通过猝灭常数、结合常数和结合位点数的计算,证明了这种猝灭为静态猝灭机制.尼古丁和HSA形成11稳定复合物;考察不同温度和酸度下的猝灭作用,进一步证实其静态猝灭行为和疏水作用机制.紫外吸收光谱和同步荧光光谱表明,相互作用引起HSA构象变化,而同步荧光光谱提示结合位点更接近于色氨酸.     

丹酰基丝氨酸与桥联双环糊精作用机理的时间分辨荧光光谱研究

利用稳态、时间分辨荧光光谱,结合非线性最小二乘法拟合系统研究了手性探针分子丹酰-L-丝氨酸(DLS)与β-环糊精(β-CD)、2-位硒桥联β-CD(1)和2-位碲桥联β-CD(2)的复合及复合机理.对比研究了DLS与三种不同环糊精复合强度及复合方式的差别.结果表明,引入硒桥键不能使化合物1与丹酰基丝氨酸分子很好地复合;而引入碲桥键使化合物2对DLS分子的结合能力相对于β-CD有明显增强.     

离子液体吸附剂对木犀草素的富集及CARS变量筛选的近红外光谱分析方法

该文以咪唑型离子液体作为原料制备吸附剂富集稀溶液中的木犀草素,利用竞争性自适应权重(CARS)变量筛选的方法建立了一种快速测定木犀草素的近红外光谱分析方法。考察了吸附剂用量、pH值、振荡时间对吸附效果的影响,并探究了吸附剂的吸附能力;富集木犀草素的吸附剂经近红外漫反射光谱检测,采用CARS变量筛选的方法结合偏最小二乘回归(PLS)建立了木犀草素的定量校正模型。结果表明,吸附剂用量为0.15 g、pH值为7、振荡时间为20 min的最佳条件下,吸附率达90.9%,且该吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附量为7.1 mg/g。近红外光谱建模中,与未经CARS变量筛选处理作为对照,对比发现经CARS变量筛选的方法结果更优,并采用连续小波变换(CWT)的光谱预处理进行验证,结果表明经CWT处理后,预测残差(RPD)值增大,说明了模型的可靠性。该方法可有效富集稀溶液中的木犀草素,采用CARS变量筛选结合CWT光谱预处理的近红外光谱方法可实现对稀溶液中木犀草素的灵敏、快捷检测。