Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Water + 1-Propanol or 1-Butanol + Dibutyl Ether Ternary Systems: Measurements and Correlation at Three Temperatures

Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) date for the ternary systems of {water?+?1-propanol?+?dibutyl ether (DBE)} and (water?+?1-butanol?+?DBE) were determined at T?=?(293.15, 303.15, 308.15) K under atmospheric pressure. Distribution coefficients and separation factors of 1-propanol in the mixtures were calculated and are discussed. The influence of temperature on the liquid phase regions was analyzed. In addition, the experimental values were correlated well with the modified and extended UNIQUAC models; the modified UNIQUAC model represents the data better than the extended UNIQUAC model.     

Experimental Study of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for Acetone + Methanol + 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium Thiocyanate

An experimental study on the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the ternary system of acetone?+?methanol?+?1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium thiocyanate ([Omim][SCN]) as well as the two acetone?+?ionic liquid (IL) and methanol?+?IL binary systems was performed at 100 kPa using a recirculating still (VLE 602 Fischer apparatus). A low IL mole fraction of 0.027 was found to be sufficient break the azeotrope due to the high and specific interactions with acetone and methanol. The nonrandom two-liquid model was used to represent the experimental data. The results are compared with those in the literature for the same mixed solvent system using other ILs.     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of the Quaternary Systems <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Octane or Decane + Toluene + Dimethyl Sulfoxide + Methanol or Ethanol at 298.15 K: Experimental Data and Correlation

In this work, the effect of addition of methanol or ethanol to dimethyl sulfoxide to extract toluene from alkanes was studied. Liquid–liquid equilibria data of the four quaternary systems: {methanol (1)?+?DMSO (2)?+?octane (3)?+?toluene (4)}, {ethanol (1)?+?DMSO (2)?+?octane (3)?+?toluene (4)}, {methanol (1)?+?DMSO (2)?+?decane (3)?+?toluene (4)} and {ethanol (1)?+?DMSO (2)?+?decane (3)?+?toluene (4)} were obtained at 298.15 K and 101.3 kPa. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was verified using the Othmer–Tobias and Hand tests. Selectivities and distribution ratios of the four quaternary systems were calculated from experimental data to evaluate the capacity of these two mixed solvents to extract toluene from octane and decane. A comparison of the results obtained was carried out. The NRTL model was used to correlate experimental data and the correlated results are in good agreement with experimental data.     

Volumetric Properties of 1,3-Dioxolane + Toluene + o- or p-Xylene Ternary Mixtures at 25.00 °C and Atmospheric Pressure

Excess molar volumes, $ V_{123}^{\text{E}} $ V 123 E , of 1, 3-dioxolane (1) + toluene (2) + o- or p-xylene (3) ternary mixtures have been determined dilatometrically over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. For thermodynamic consistency the experimental values were fitted to Redlich–Kister Equation. The $ V_{123}^{\text{E}} $ V 123 E values of 1, 3-dioxolane (1) + toluene (2) + o- or p-xylene (3) ternary mixtures have been found to be negative over the whole composition range. It has been observed that $ V_{123}^{\text{E}} $ V 123 E values calculated by graph theory are of the same sign and magnitude with respect to their experimental values.     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of the Methanol + Toluene + Methylcyclohexane Ternary System at 278.15, 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K

Liquid–liquid equilibria of the methanol + toluene + methylcyclohexane ternary system at 278.15, 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15 and 303.15 K are reported. The effect of the temperature on liquid–liquid equilibrium is discussed. Data for the ternary system is available from the literature at T = 298 K. All chemicals were quantified by gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector. Experimental data for the ternary system are compared with values calculated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations. It is found that the UNIQUAC and NRTL models provide similar good correlations of the solubility curve at these six temperatures.     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of Some Aliphatic Alcohols + Disodium Hydrogen Citrate + Water Ternary Systems at 298.15 K

In this paper, the liquid?Cliquid equilibria for 1-propanol, 2-propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol + disodium hydrogen citrate aqueous two-phase systems at 298.15 K were studied. The experimental binodal curves at 298.15?K are reported, and the parameters of the Merchuk equation, modified as a nonlinear function of mixed solvent properties and used for the simultaneous correlation of the experimental binodal data. Moreover, the salting-out ability of different salts and different alcohols with different anions is discussed. Additionally, experimental tie-line data are reported at 298.15 K. The generalized electrolyte-NRTL model of the mixed solvent electrolyte systems (e-NRTL) satisfactorily used for the correlation of the tie-line compositions; restricted binary interaction parameters were also obtained.     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of the Methanol + Ethylbenzene + Methylcyclohexane Ternary System at 278.15, 283.15, and 293.15 K

Liquid–liquid equilibria of the methanol + ethylbenzene + methylcyclohexane ternary system are reported at 278.15, 283.15, and 293.15 K. The effect of the temperature on the liquid–liquid equilibrium is discussed. All chemical concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector. Experimental data for the ternary system are compared with values calculated by the NRTL and UNIQUAC equations. It was found that both equations gave comparable quality representations of the experimental data for this ternary system. Distribution curves were also analyzed. Data for the ternary system is available from the literature at 303.15 K.     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of Oxygenate Fuel Additives with Water at 25°C: Ternary and Quaternary Aqueous Systems of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether and tert-Amyl Methyl Ether with Methanol or Ethanol

Experimental tie-line data have been determined for the ternary system water + methyl tert-butyl ether + tert-amyl methyl ether and the quaternary systems water + methanol + methyl tert-butyl ether + tert-amyl methyl ether, and water + ethanol + methyl tert-butyl ether + tert-amyl methyl ether at 25°C and ambient pressure. The experimental results have been satisfactorily correlated using the modified UNIQUAC and extended UNIQUAC models with ternary and quaternary, in addition to binary parameters.     

Quaternary Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for Fuel Additive Systems Containing Diethyl Carbonate or 1,1-Dimethylethyl Methyl Ether at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Liquid–liquid equilibrium tie line data were determined for three quaternary systems water + ethanol + diethyl carbonate+n-heptane, water + ethanol + 1,1-dimethylethyl methyl ether + diethyl carbonate, and water + 1,1-dimethylethyl methyl ether + diethyl carbonate+n-heptane at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The experimental liquid–liquid equilibria results have been correlated using a modified UNIQUAC model and an extended UNIQUAC model, both with multicomponent interaction parameters in addition to the binary ones.     

Dielectric Properties of the Liquid Phase of Higher Alkanols on the Line of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The static dielectric permittivities of higher 1-alkanols at temperatures above the boiling point are measured. The design of the device’s cell and...     

Solid–Liquid Stable Equilibrium of the Quaternary System LiCl + NaCl + Li2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O at 288.15 K

Journal of Solution Chemistry - In this study, the isothermal saturation method was applied to obtain the data for solid–liquid equilibria in a system consisting of four solids...     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Fuel Oxygenate Systems Containing Dialkyl Carbonate in Aqueous Solution

Experimental tie-line data were investigated for two quaternary systems of water + n-hexane + diethyl carbonate + dimethyl carbonate and water + toluene + isooctane + dimethyl carbonate, and two related ternary systems of water + n-hexane + diethyl carbonate and water + n-hexane + dimethyl carbonate at 298.15 K and ambient pressure. The experimental tie-line data have been correlated using a modified UNIQUAC model and an extended UNIQUAC model, both with multicomponent interaction parameters in addition to the binary ones.     

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Quaternary System of sec-Butyl Acetate + sec-Butyl Alcohol + Dimethyl Sulfoxide + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate at 101.3 kPa

Journal of Solution Chemistry - The isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the quaternary system sec-butyl acetate (SBAC)?+?sec-butyl alcohol...     

A Novel Sul ded Mo/C Catalyst for Direct Vapor Phase Carbonylation of Methanol at Atmospheric Pressure

The direct carbonylation of methanol, without any halide in the feed as a promoter, is presented. A series of Mo catalysts supported on activated carbon, y-Al2O3 and SiO2 were prepared. The results show that the support greatly affects the Mo catalyst in the direct vapor-phase carbonylation of methanol, and activated carbon is the best supports of the investigated supports. In addition, the relationships between adsorptions of NH3 and CO and carbonylation of methanol were investigated. A novel sulfided Mo/C catalyst had high activity and selectivity for the vapor phase carbonylation of methanol to methyl acetate without the addition of a CH3I promoter to the feed. The reaction conditions were optimized at a reaction temperature of 573 K, a methanol concentration of 23 mol% and a carbon monoxide space velocity of 3,000 L/(kg-h). Under these optimal conditions a methanol conversion of 50%, carbonylation selectivity of 80 mol%, and space-time yield of 8.0 mol/(kg-h) were obtained. The active phase of this     

Pinacol Formation and Reduction of Aromatic Carbonyls with Magnesium–Methanol at Ambient Temperature

Summary. A simple and inexpensive procedure for the pinacol formation of aromatic aldehydes and reduction of aromatic ketones to the corresponding alcohols with magnesium in dry methanol at ambient temperature is reported. The pinacol formation and reduction are proposed to be proceeding by SET from magnesium.Received November 26, 2002; accepted (revised) March 7, 2003 Published online September 25, 2003     

Isobaric Binary and Ternary Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium for the Mixture of n-Hexane,Methylcyclopentane and N-Methylpyrrolidone

Journal of Solution Chemistry - The vapor–liquid phase equilibrium (VLE) data for binary systems of: n-hexane?+?methylcyclopentane, n-hexane?+?N-methylpyrrolidone...     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Water + 1-Butanol + Inorganic Salt Systems at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K: Experiments and Correlation

Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) and tie-line data of systems containing 1-butanol, water and NaCl, Na₂SO₄, NH₄Cl or (NH₄)₂SO₄ were investigated at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The salt decreases mutual solubilities of these two solvents leading to a higher degree of phase separation at equilibrium. The effect is more pronounced at high salt concentration. Temperature in the studied range had a minor effect on LLE behavior of these mixtures. Experimental data were correlated using a modified extended UNIQUAC model. Satisfactory agreement between the calculated and measured mass fractions of the components was achieved.     

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Ion-Exchange Exploration for Aqueous Two-Phase Systems of ([C4mim]Cl + K2CO3 or K3C6H5O7 + water) at Different Temperatures

Journal of Solution Chemistry - Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data and phase diagrams for new aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride...     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Ternary Systems of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone + <Emphasis Type="Italic">o</Emphasis>-Cresol + Water at 298.2, 313.2 and 323.2 K

Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the methyl isobutyl ketone + o-cresol + water ternary system have been experimentally measured from 298.2 to 323.2 K below 101 kPa. The measured LLE data were verified to be highly consistent through the Othmer–Tobias and Hand equations. The extraction efficiency of methyl isobutyl ketone for o-cresol was assessed by the distribution coefficient and separation factor. The experimental results correlated well with two excess Gibbs energy models: non-random two-liquid and universal quasi chemical, which also yielded binary interaction parameter.     

The Cloud Point Behaviors and the Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of L31—Inorganic Sodium Salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

The cloud point (CP) of triblock-copolymer L31 aqueous solution was determined with salting-out salts (Na₂SO₄/Na₂CO₃/NaF/NaCl/NaBr). The results show that all these salts can decrease the CP of L31 aqueous solution and form aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). With increasing concentrations of Na₂SO₄ and Na₂CO₃, an obvious phase inversion could be observed and phase inversion points were found. This was mainly due to the change in density, the salt-rich phase shifted from the top phase to the bottom phase. Meanwhile, the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for L31-Na₂SO₄/Na₂CO₃/NaF/NaCl/NaBr ATPSs were measured at 288.15 K. The salt ability to decrease the CP and to induce the phase separation is as follows: Na₂SO₄?>?Na₂CO₃, NaF?>?NaCl?>?NaBr. Finally, the order of anions that reduced the CP and caused phase separation was obtained as follows: SO₄^2? >CO₃^2?, F^??>?Cl^??>?Br^?.