Synthesis and chiral-optical properties of (+)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-thione

(+)-3-Methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-thione was obtained by sulfuration of (+)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolone with phosphorus pentasulfide or by cyclization of (+)--benzylethyl isothiocyante under the influence of polyphosphoric acid. Measurements of the rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism showed the presence of two positive Cotton effects due to n^* and ^* transitions in the thioamide chromophore, as well as Cotton effects apparently due to ^* transitions in the aromatic chromophore.Communication XXXV from the series Stereochemical Investigations. See [11] for communication XXXIV.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 94–97, January, 1976.     

MO LCAO calculations and the electronic spectra of the anions of cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-diones and indane-1,3-diones

The Hückel approximation in MO LCAO is used to show that the anion system of cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione should have two ^* transitions: a weak one at long wavelengths, NV₁, and a strong one at short wavelengths, C=C(1,3)V₁. An ethylene, phenyl, or acyl group at position 2 gives rise to a new strong band, NC=C(2), Nbenz, or NC=O (2). A p-nitrophenyl group at position 2 gives rise to a strong NNO₂ band, which overlaps the weak NV₁ band, while the Nbenz band becomes weak and is virtually lost from the spectrum.     

Calculation of some electronic excited states of formaldehyde

The optimized MO's of several excited states of formaldehyde have been calculated by means of a large basis set of modified Gaussian functions; particular attention has been paid to the * transition. The total energy of the various states has been obtained as the sum of the SCF and correlation energies; the last one has been calculated as a functional of the electronic density. The calculated values for the transition energies are in good agreement with the experiment. A strong interaction of the * state with the continuum is evidentiated; this fact can justify the absence of the * band in the absorption spectrum.     

Excited Π states of divinyl chalcogenides and chalcophenes

Electron transitions in divinyl chalcogenides (CH₂=CHXCH=CH₂, where X is S, Se, or Te) have been analyzed using UV absorption spectra of dialkyl and alkyl vinyl chalcogenides. The following relations for the orbital energies are found: ^* < ^* < ^* < ^* for Te and ^* < ^* < ^* < ^* for S and Se. For chalcophenes, a correlation between the energy of the excited state (E ^*) of specific symmetry, the ionization potential (I) and the electron affinity (EA) is obtained:E ^*=const+(I+EA)/2. The electron affinity of divinyl chalcogenides is estimated. The correlation between the excited ^* states of divinyl chalcogenides and chalcophenes is discussed.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 831–835, May, 1994.     

Etude des spectres électroniques de quelques p. quinones polycycliques par la méthode de Pariser-Parr-Pople

Resume Le calcul des transitions de type * entre l'état fondamental et les états singulets monoexcités des p. benzo, naphto 1 – 4, anthra 9 – 10 et anthra 1 – 4 quinones a été effectué par la méthode de Pariser-Parr-Pople, avec intéraction de toutes les configurations monoexcitées. Les transitionsn * ont été également étudiées par une méthode empirique. Les résultats obtenus permettent de rendre compte des spectres expérimentaux.

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n * type transitions between the ground and singlet monoexcited states of four p. quinones (p. benzo, 1 – 4 naphto, 9 – 10 anthra and 1 – 4 anthra) have been computed by means of the Pariser-Parr-Pople's method, including interaction between all monoexcited configurations.n * transitions have been estimated, using an approximate method. The results are in satisfaying agreement with experimental data.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurden * Übergänge zwischen Grundzustand und einfach angeregten Zuständen von vier p-Chinonen (p-Benzo-, 1,4-Naphto-, 9, 10-Anthra-, 1,4-Anthrachinon) mit Hilfe der Pariser-Parr-Pople-Methode berechnet, unter einschluß der Wechselwirkung aller einfach angeregten Konfigurationen.n * Übergänge wurden mit einer Näherungsmethode untersucht. Die Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse mit den experimentellen Daten ist zufriedenstellend.

     

Ab initio SCF and CI study of the electronic spectrum of pyridine N-oxide

Configuration interaction (CI) studies of ground, n *, * * electronically excited states are reported for pyridine N-oxide. The transition energy to the lowest * excited ¹ B ₂ state is calculated at 4.35 eV, compared to the experimental spectrum range of 3.67–4.0 eV. This state lies below the lowest n * excited ¹ A ₂ state calculated at 4.81 eV above the ground state. The only experimentally reported triplet state at 2.92 eV above the ground state is predicted to be the ³ A ₁ (*) state. The calculated energy lies at 3.27 eV. Numerous other high-lying singlet states as well as the triplet states have also been calculated. The intramolecular charge transfer character of the ground and the excited states have been studied in terms of the calculated dipole moment and other physical properties.     

All-valence-electron and transition density matrix calculations of the electronic spectra of [2.2]paracyclophanequinones

The combined CNDO/S and transition density matrix methods reproduced well the UV-VIS spectra of the intramolecular charge-transfer complexes of double- and triple-layered [2.2]paracyclophanequinones in which benzene and p-benzoquinone represent the donor and acceptor layers: DA, DDA and DAD. Calculations pointed to the already known experimental bathochromic shifts of the longest wavelength absorption band for the DADDADAD transformations. The electronic transitions corresponding to this band are for DA and DDA the CT transitions of the ^* type; however, for DAD the band represents the n ^* transition localized on the acceptor ring.     

PPP and CNDO calculations for protonated molecules

CNDO calculations have been used to obtain the one-centre core integrals for protonated azines required in calculating the ^* absorption spectra of such molecules using the PPP method. Calculated spectra for both the parent and the protonated molecules are obtained in satisfactory agreement with experiment. The changes in the -framework of the molecules on protonation are also discussed in terms of the CNDO results.

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Zusammenfassung CNDO-Rechnungen wurden benutzt, um die Einzentren-Rumpf-Integrale für protonierte Azine zu erhalten, die bei der Berechnung der ^* -Absorptionsspektren mit Hilfe der PPP-Methode benötigt werden.Die berechneten Spektren für die Ausgangsmoleküle und die protonierten Moleküle sind in zufriedenstellender Übereinstimmung mit dem Experiment. Die Veränderungen im -Rumpf der Moleküle bei der Protonierung werden ebenfalls mit Hilfe der CNDO-Resultate diskutiert.

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Résumé Des CNDO ont tét utilisés pour obtenir les intégrales de coeur monocentriques des azines protonées nécessaires au calcul de leur spectre d'absorption ^* par la méthode PPP. Les spectres calculés pour les molécules protonées ou non sont en accord satisfaisant avec l'expérience. Les modifications subies lors de la protonation par le squelette sont discutées en fonction des résultats des calculs CNDO.

     

A theoretical determination of the electronic spectrum of Methylenecyclopropene

The vertical electronic spectrum of methylenecyclopropene, the prototype of the nonalternant hydrocarbons known as fulvenes, has been studied using multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory. The calculations comprise three valence states and the 3s, 3p, and 3d members of the Rydberg series converging to the first ionization limit. Vertical excitation energies to three valence states are found at 4.13, 6.12, and 6.82 eV. The second of them corresponds to an excitation from the highest occupied orbital to a ^* orbital, while the other two are ^* excitations. The third transition gives rise to the most intense feature in the electronic spectrum. The results are rationalized within the scheme of two interacting double bonds. Comparisons are made between this and the previous theoretical calculations of the electronic spectra of related systems and also between the available experimental data of methylenecyclopropene in solution.     

Molecular orbital calculations on the optical rotatory properties of chiral allene systems

The chiroptical properties associated with the ^* transitions in dissymmetric allene systems are calculated and relationships between the chiroptical observables and the stereochemical and electronic structural features of these systems are examined. The calculations are based on the INDO and CNDO/S semiempirical molecular orbital models for the electronic structure of the molecular systems and excited states are constructed in the virtual orbital-configuration interaction approximation. The dipole strengths, rotatory strengths, and dissymmetry factors for the three lowest energy ^* transitions are computed and reported for eleven chiral allene structures. Relationships between absolute configuration and the signs of the ^* rotatory strengths are examined and discussed.     

The electronic spectrum of acrylonitrile

The vapor absorption spectrum of acrylonitrile CH₂CHCN has been measured in the vacuum ultraviolet region. In addition, an all-valence-electron molecular orbital calculation has been used to calculate the electronic structure and spectrum of the molecule. On the basis of the MO calculation, as well as a vibrational analysis of the observed spectrum, several electronic transitions are assigned. The lowest energy absorption band (2107Å, = 150) is assigned as an n ^* transition. Absorption bands at 2030Å (=1600), 1725Å ( = 2100), and 1570Å ( = 1920) are assigned as 0–0 bands associated with transitions that are, respectively, ^*,^*, and ^* in character.

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Zusammenfassung Das UV-Absorptionsspektrum von dampfförmigen Acrylnitril wurde gemessen und eine CNDO/2-Rechnung für die Elektronenstruktur durchgeführt. Auf dieser Basis konnten unter Zuhilfenahme der Analyse der Schwingungsstruktur im beobachteten Spektrum mehrere Banden zugeordnet werden: die 2107-Å-Bande ( = 150) einem n^*-Übergang, die drei Banden bei 2030Å ( = 1600), 1725Å ( = 2100) und 1570 Å ( = 1920)0-0-Übergängen von ^*-, ^*- bzw. ^*-Banden.

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Résumé Mesure du spectre d'absorption en phase vapeur de l'acrilonitrile CH₂CHCN dans la région de l'ultraviolet. Par ailleurs, la structure électronique et le spectre de la molécule ont été calculés à l'aide d'une méthode des orbitales moléculaires semi-empirique pour tous les électrons de valence. Sur cette base, ainsi que sur une analyse vibrationnelle du spectre expérimental, on procède à l'attribution de plusieurs transitions électroniques. La bande d'absorption de plus basse énergie (2107 Å, = 150) est attribuée à une transition n ^*. Les bandes d'absorption à 2030Å ( = 1600), 1275Å ( = 2100) et 1570Å ( = 1920) sont considérées comme des bandes 0 - 0 associées à des transitions ^*, ^* et ^* respectivement.

     

Calculation of σ→π* and π→σ* transitions in vinylboranes

Calculations are presented of the energies of the ground and excited and electronic states of ethylene and substituted vinylboranes. The Pople-Segal-Santry method was employed throughout. It is concluded that the excited state of lowest energy in ethylene has * character whilst the lowest energy ultra-violet spectral bands of the latter compounds stem from ^* transitions.

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Zusammenfassung Valenzelektronenrechnungen nach Pople-Segal-Santry wurden für Äthylen und Vinylborane durchgeführt. Danach hat der niedrigste angeregte Zustand von Äthylen ^*-Charakter, während die längstwellige UV-Bande der Vinylborane einem ^* -Übergang entspricht.

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Résumé Calculs de l'énergie pour les états fondamentaux et excités et de l'éthylène et des vinylboranes substitués. Utilisation de la méthode de Pople-Ségal-Santry. L'état excité le plus bas pour l'éthylène résulte d'une transition ^* , alors qu'il résulte d'une transition ^* pour les vinylboranes.

     

Electronic absorption spectra of 3-hydroxypyridine and 5-hydroxypyrimidine

The electronic absorption spectra ( ^* type) of the mixture of the enolic and zwitterionic forms of both 3-hydroxypyridine and 5-hydroxypyrimidine are interpreted by means of the Pariser-Parr-Pople type calculations.     

The n→π* optical activity of chiral carbonyl compounds predicted to be optically inactive by the octant rule

The one-electron model of n* optical activity in chiral carbonyl compounds is carried to second-order in perturbation theory and the results are applied to systems which are predicted by the octant rule to yield zero n* optical activity. It is shown that second-order contributions to the n* rotatory strength lead to sector rules which are qualitatively different from those obtained from first-order contributions. Inclusion of three-way interactions involving the carbonyl chromophore and two different extrachromophoric perturbing groups (or atoms) lead to second-order contributions to the rotatory strength which can account for the n* optical activity in chiral carbonyl systems predicted to be optically inactive by the conventional quadrant and octant rules. These results are shown to be in agreement with the conclusions derived by Ruch and Schönhofer from a purely algebraic theory of molecular chirality.     

Influence de la liaison hydrogène intramoléculaire sur les bandes π → π * de certaines molécules organiques. Théorie électronique

Résumé Une théorie électronique est proposée pour expliquer l'influence de la liaison hydrogène intra-moléculaire sur les transitions ^* des molécules organiques. La liaison hydrogène est décrite comme une liaison partiellement covalente. Les molécules sont étudiées à l'aide de la méthode semi-empirique de Pariser-Parr-Pople. L'accord entre les déplacements observés et calculés est, dans l'ensemble, satisfaisant. Les perturbations introduites par la liaison hydrogène dans les spectres ^* proviennent essentiellement du transfert d'électrons entre le groupe accepteur de proton et le groupe donneur de proton. Dans les molécules étudiées les perturbations sont de type inductif.

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The manifestations of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ^* electronic transitions of organic molecules are explained by an electronic theory. The hydrogen bond is supposed to be partly covalent. Pariser-Parr-Pople semi empirical scheme is used. The agreement between observed and calculated shifts is satisfactory. Hydrogen bonding induces spectral shifts due essentially to electron transfer from proton acceptor to proton donor. Perturbations are of inductive type in the molecules under study.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Elektronentheorie vorgeschlagen, um den Einfluß der intramolekularen Wasserstoffbindung auf ^*-Übergänge organischer Moleküle im Rahmen der PPP-Methode zu erklären. Die Wasserstoffbindung wird als partiell kovalente Bindung beschrieben. Die Übereinstimmung der experimentellen und theoretischen Ergebnisse bezüglich der Verschiebung ist zufriedenstellend. Die Störungen, die sich durch die Wasserstoffbindung in den gp ^*-Spektren ergeben, rühren von gs-Übergängen von Proton-Akzeptoren zu Proton-Donatoren her. Störungen in den betrachteten Molekülen sind von induktivem Typus.

     

The UV spectra of arsines and arsine selenides

Short-wavelength n_Se ^* and long-wavelength n_Se ^* bands are observed in the UV spectra of saturated trialkylarsine selenides in the near-UV region. The n_x ^* band in going from arsine selenides to arsine sulfide and then to arsine oxides is shifted hypsochromically, as in the corresponding phosphorus compounds. The n_x ^* band is only slightly sensitive to the chalcogen. Saturated trialkylarsines, in contrast to alkylphosphines, absorb in the near UV region (the n_As ^* band is at 208 nm).Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 940–942, April, 1990.     

“d-Orbital” effects in silicon substituted π-electron systems

Zusammenfassung Nach dem Pariser-Parr-Pople-Verfahren mit -Variation werden Grund- und Anregungszustände von Butadienen mit Silyl- und Alkyl-Substituenten in 1/4-, 1/3-, 1/2- und 2/3-Stellung berechnet und mit gemessenen vertikalen Ionisierungsenergien, Halbstufen-Reduktionspotentialen sowie -_*-Anregungsenergien verglichen. Der induktive Effekt und die Si C -Akzeptorfunktion der Silylgruppenlassen sich durch ein unbesetztes p-Orbital geringer Valenzionisierungsenergie simulieren. Mit den empirisch geeichten Parametern U _Si=–0,22 eV, _{Si Si} = 6,00 eV, _CSi = 4,00 eV und _{C Si} = }-1,08 eV werden die experimentellen Daten befriedigend reproduziert.Extended Hückel-Rechnungen mit einem Basissatz von s- und p-Slater-Atomorbitalen erlauben, die induktiven Effekte von Silylgruppen im Grundzustand zu diskutieren. Für die isomeren Silylbutadiene wird insbesondere eine beträchtliche Anhebung des obersten -Niveaus in den Energiebereich des höchsten besetzten -Niveaus nahegelegt.

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d-Orbital effects in silicon substituted -electron systemsXIV. Pariser-Parr-Pople and extended Hückel calculations on isomeric disilyl- and dialkyl-butadienes

Ground and excited states of butadienes with silyl and alkyl substituents in 1/4-, 1/3-, 1/2- and 2/3-position, calculated by the Pariser-Parr-Pople method using the variable /gb-procedure are compared with the experimental ionization energies, half-wave reduction potentials and _*-transition energies. The inductive effect and the Si C acceptor property of silyl groups can be included by means of an unoccupied p-orbital of low valence state ionization potential. The empirically adapted parameters U _Si= –0.22eV, _{Si Si} = 6.00 eV, _CSi = 4.00 eV and _{C Si}= –1.08 eV lead to a satisfying reproduction of the experimental data.Extended Hückel calculations using a basis set of s and p Slater atomic orbitals serve to discuss the inductive effects of silyl groups in the ground state of the isomeric silyl butadienes. The results suggest a considerable raise of the upper -level, its energy being comparable with that of the highest occupied -level.

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Résumé Les états fondamentaux et les états excités des butadiènes substitués par des radicaux alkyles et silyles en 1/4-, 1/3-, 1/2-, et 2/3-, calculés par la méthode de Pariser-Parr-Pople utilisant le procédé /gb variable, sont comparés avec les énergies d'ionisations expérimentales, les potentiels de réduction polarographiques et les énergies de transition _*. L'effet inductif et le pouvoir accepteur Si C des groupes silyles peuvent être introduits au moyen d'une orbitale p vide de potentiel d'ionisation dans l'état de valence faible. Les paramètres empiriquement ajustés U _Si = – 0,22 eV, _SiSi = 6,00 eV, _CSi = 4,00 eV et /gb _CSi= –1,08 eV conduisent à une reproduction satisfaisante des données expérimentales.Des calculs en méthode de Hückel étendue utilisant une base d'orbitales atomiques de Slater s et p servent à discuter des effets inductifs des groupes silyles dans l'état fondamental des butadiènes substitués isomères. Les résultats suggèrent une considérable élévation du plus haut niveau , l'amenant à être comparable au plus haut niveau occupé.

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Vorangegangene Mitteilungen: s. Literaturzitate [4,5,6,7, 8,16].

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Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft förderte die Untersuchungen im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogrammes Theoretische Chemie. Das PPP-Rechenprogramm stellte freundlicherweise Herr Dr. G. Hohlneicher (Technische Hochschule München), das Extended Hückel-Programm der Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange (Bloomington/Indiana) zur Verfügung. Die Rechnungen wurden an der Telefunken TR 4 des Leibniz-Rechenzentrums (München) sowie an der IBM 7090 des Instituts für Plasmaphysik (München/Garching) durchgeführt.     

Calculations on the π→1π* transitions in large conjugated carbonyl compounds using the molecules-in-molecules method

Assignments of the ^1* electronic transitions in large carbonyl compounds have been carried out using the molecules-in-molecules method.     

Spectroscopic investigation and thermal behavior of new carbonyl complexes [M(CO)4(N—N)(CuX)], (M = W,Mo; N—N = 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline; X = Cl,SCN)

[M(CO)₄(N—N)] reacts with CuCl to give new heterobimetallic metal carbonyls of the type [M(CO)₄(N—N)(CuCl)], M = W, Mo; N—N = 2,2-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). Reactions of [M(CO)₄(N—N)(CuCl)] with NaSCN produced the series of complexes of general formula [M(CO)₄(N—N)(CuSCN)]. The i.r. spectral of all the bimetallic carbonyls exhibited the general four (CO) band patterns of the precursors. The u.v.–vis. spectral data for precursors and products showed bands associated with * (nitrogen ligands), dd (intrametal), as well as MLCT d* (nitrogen ligands) and MLCT d *(CO) transitions. The [M(CO)₄(N—N)(CuX)] (X = Cl, SCN) emission spectra showed only one band associated with the MLCT transition. The t.g. curves revealed a stepwise loss of CO groups. The initial decomposition temperatures of the [M(CO)₄(N—N)(CuX)] series suggest that the bimetallic compounds are indeed thermally less stable than their precursors, and the X-ray data showed the formation of MO₃, CuMO₄, Cu₂O and CuO as final decomposition products, M = W, Mo. The spectroscopic data suggests that the heterobimetallic compounds are polymeric.     

Ru(II) Chloro-Bis(bipyridyl) Complexes with Substituted Pyridine Ligands: Interpretation of Their Electronic Absorption Spectra

A number of complexes were synthesized with the general formula cis-[Ru(Bipy)₂(L)(Cl)](BF₄), where Bipy is 2,2"-bipyridine, L is pyridyne (Py), 4-aminopyridine (4-NH₂py), 4-picoline (4-Mepy), nicotin-amide (3-CONH₂py), isonicotinamide (4-CONH₂py), 3- and 4-cyanopyridine (3-CNpy, 4-CNpy), 4,4"-bipyridine (4,4"-Bipy), trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (Bpe), 4,4"-azopyridine (Azpy), pyrazine (Pyz), imidazole (Imid), and NH₃. The semiempirical CINDO-CI method was used to calculate the energies and intensities of transitions in the electronic absorption spectra. The differences observed in the spectra of these compounds are mainly due to the positions of the charge-transfer transitions d (Ru) *(L). Depending on the positions of these transitions, ligands L can be divided into three groups: 1) transitions Ru L lie in the region of the first long-wavelength band d (Ru) *(Bipy) (L = Azpy, Pyz); 2) transitions Ru L lie between the first and second bands due to the charge transfer to Bipy (L = 3-CONH₂py, 4-CONH₂py, 4,4"-Bipy, Bpe, 4-CNpy), and 3) transitions Ru L lie in the region of the second band d (Ru) *(Bipy) (L = Py, 4-Mepy, 3-CNPy, 4-NH₂py, Imid).