沸石负载Ni催化剂在甲烷干重整中的稳定性(英文)

Ni/γ-Al2O3 , Ni/Y-zeolite, and Ni/H-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation method. Their catalytic performance in dry reforming of methane was studied. The fresh and used catalysts and deposited carbon were characterized using H2 temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed oxidation, N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The H-ZSM-5-supported Ni catalyst proved to be more stable than the other two catalysts, as it had the lowest carbon deposition.     

Nd,Ce和La改性对Ni/SBA-15催化剂在CH4/CO2重整反应中性能的影响

以稀土金属Nd,Ce或La的氧化物为助剂,采用β-环糊精浸渍法对Ni/SBA-15催化剂进行了改性,并运用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、程序升温还原和热重等手段考察了改性的催化剂在CO₂重整CH₄制合成气反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,Nd等稀土金属氧化物的添加对催化剂孔结构和晶相结构等性质影响不大,但可影响NiO的还原; Nd的添加使NiO与载体之间以Ni-Nd-O形式相互作用,促进了活性组分NiO的还原. 其中,Nd的添加量为5-10 wt%时所制备的催化剂在重整反应中的催化活性最高,且具有很强的抗积碳性能. La和Ce氧化物促进的Ni催化剂也表现出类似的性质和催化性能.     

Effect of the order of Ni and Ce addition in SBA-15 on the activity in dry reforming of methane

Dry reforming of methane has been carried out on SBA-15 catalysts containing 5 wt% Ni and 6 wt% Ce. The effect of the order of Ni and Ce impregnation on the catalytic activity has been studied. Both metals were added using the “two-solvent” method that favors metal dispersion inside the pores. Characterizations by XRD (low and high angles), N₂ sorption, SEM and TEM of the materials after metal addition and calcination indicate good preservation of the porosities and high NiO and CeO₂ dispersion inside the porous channels. Reduction was carried out before the catalytic tests and followed by TPR measurements. The most active reduced catalyst was the Ni–Ce/SBA-15 sample prepared by impregnating cerium first, then nickel. All catalysts were highly active and selective towards H₂ and CO at atmospheric pressure. Full CH₄ conversion was obtained below 650 °C. The higher performances compared to those reported in the literature for mesoporous silica with supported Ni and Ce catalysts are discussed.     

Effect of MgO promoter on Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts for combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5 wt% to 15 wt%, as well as another series of 10%Ni/MgO/SBA-15 catalysts, in which the range of the MgO content was from 1 wt% to 7 wt%, were prepared, and their catalytic performances for the reaction of combined steam and carbon dioxide reforming of methane were investigated in a continuous flow microreactor. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using the XRD, H2-TPR and CO2-TPD techniques. The results indicated that the CO selectivity for this reaction was very close to 100%, and the H2/CO ratio of the product gas could be controlled by changing the H2O/CO2 molar ratio of the feed gas. The simultaneous and plentiful existing of steam and CO2 had a significant influence on the catalytic performance of the 10%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst without modification. After reacting at 850 °C for 120 h over this catalyst, the CH4 conversion dropped from 98% to 85%, and the CO2 conversion decreased from 86% to 53%. However, the 10%Ni/3%MgO/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited a much better catalytic performance, and after reacting for 620 h, the CO2 conversion over this catalyst dropped from 92% to around 77%, while the CH4 conversion was not decreased. Oxidation of the Ni0 species as well as carbon deposition during the reaction were the main reasons for the deactivation of the catalyst without modification. On the other hand, modification by the MgO promoter improved the dispersion of the Ni0 species, and enhanced the CO2 adsorption affinity which in turn depressed the occurring of carbon deposition, and thus retarded the deactivation process.     

Recent advances in photo-enhanced dry reforming of methane: A review

Converting methane and carbon dioxide into hydrogen and carbon monoxide is significant and attractive because it can mitigate the greenhouse effect and produce useful chemical intermediate. However, these two greenhouse gases are challenging to convert due to their high bond energy and chemically inert. Although thermocatalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM) achieves high efficiency, it requires high energy and often causes deactivation due to carbon deposition. Recently, a lot of research results show that photo-enhanced DRM is a promising and green route for this reaction under relatively mild conditions. This review first introduces the importance and challenge of CH₄ and CO₂ conversion. Then, we summarize the related reports of photo-enhanced dry reforming of methane in detail, including material preparation, experimental conditions and results, and mechanism study. In particular, the related studies have been classified according to types of input energy and the types of catalyst. Finally, we provide insightful perspectives and prospects for the future development of this field.     

Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂的结构及加氢脱硫性能

以硝酸镍为镍源,磷酸氢二铵为磷源,介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,用共浸渍法制备了含磷化镍前驱体的样品,然后在氢气流中采用程序升温还原法,制备了Ni2P质量分数为5%-40%的Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等分析测试技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,以噻吩和二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物,在微型同定床反应器上对催化剂的加氧脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价.结果表明,Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂中SBA-15的介孔结构依然存在,活性组分Ni2P具有良好的分散性,但随Ni2P含量的增加,催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径均有明显减小.当反应温度为320℃时,Ni2P含量为15%-25%(w)的催化剂就具有很好的加氢脱硫催化性能;反应温度在360℃以上时,所有催化剂都具有优异的深度脱硫催化性能.Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫(HDS)主要以直接脱硫机理(DDS)进行.     

Sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming over Ni/Al2O3/KNaTiO3 bifunctional material

The performance of a new lab-made bifunctional material Ni/Al₂O₃/KNaTiO₃ for producing high purity H₂ via sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming (SESMR) was investigated. A series of bifunctional materials with 10 wt% Ni loading but different wt% ratios of KNaTiO₃ and Al₂O₃ was prepared by wetness impregnation method. All the materials were calcined at 700 °C for 3 hours and screened for their catalytic activity in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. The material containing 50 wt% each of KNaTiO₃ and Al₂O₃ (designated as HM) was found to be the best choice. The optimum process parameters for the production of high purity H₂ were determined: temperature = 700 °C, steam to carbon (S/C) molar ratio = 6 and gas-hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 2000 cm³ g^-1 h^-1. The values of CH₄ conversion, H₂ yield and H₂ purity were 87, 87 and 90%, respectively, at the optimum reaction conditions. The adsorption capacity of HM was found to be 14.7 wt%. With a breakthrough time of 10 min, the material was stable for 8 adsorption-desorption cycles. The regeneration of HM was achieved with N₂ gas at the same reaction temperature. Overall, the activity of this material for SESMR was very promising.     

氮化SBA-16负载镍基催化剂的制备及其对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的催化性能

通过软模板法合成了SBA-16分子筛,采用高温氨气氮化的方法使有序介孔硅材料中的氧原子部分被氮原子取代,得到氮化的SBA-16载体(SBA-16-N)。采用满孔浸渍法制备了镍基催化剂,并将制得的Ni/SBA-16和Ni/SBA-16-N催化剂用于甲烷二氧化碳重整反应。通过透射电镜、氮气物理吸附、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和二氧化碳程序升温脱附等手段研究了载体和催化剂的结构,并利用热重分析对反应之后回收催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,高温氮化后的分子筛中掺入了氮元素,增加了载体的碱性,改善了载体对反应气体的吸附活化能力,增强了载体与金属之间的相互作用,从而提高了催化剂的活性和抗积炭性能。     

高稳定性Ni/SBA-15催化剂的结构特征及其对二氧化碳重整甲烷反应的催化性能

 采用浸渍法制备了Ni含量为2.5%～20%的系列Ni/SBA-15催化剂,在常压连续流动固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对二氧化碳重整甲烷制合成气的催化性能,并用X射线衍射和N2吸附法研究了Ni/SBA-15催化剂的结构特征. 结果表明, Ni/SBA-15催化剂具有很高的CH4和CO2转化率, 12.5%Ni/SBA-15催化剂在800 ℃反应600 h后活性没有明显下降,但反应710 h后CH4的转化率下降了约50%, CO2的转化率下降了约25%. 其活性下降的主要原因是催化剂积炭. 在高温条件下反应时, SBA-15的介孔结构也没有遭到破坏,分子筛的孔壁能有效阻止活性组分Ni的团聚. SBA-15孔中组装一定量的Ni活性组分后,除了SBA-15的介孔外,还会形成另外一种较小的孔,但这不影响SBA-15的有序介孔结构,只是其孔径、孔容和BET比表面积降低.     

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over Ni/Mo/SBA-15-La2O3 catalyst: Its characterization and catalytic performance

The Ni/Mo/SBA-15 catalyst was modified by La2O3 in order to improve its thermal stability and carbon deposition resistance during the CO2 reforming of methane to syngas. The catalytic performance, thermal stability, structure, dispersion of nickel and carbon deposition of the modified and unmodified catalysts were comparatively investigated by many characterization techniques such as N2 adsorption, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, XRD, FT-IR and SEM. It was found that the major role of La2O3 additive was to improve the pore structure and inhibit carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. The La2O3 modified Ni/Mo/SBA-15 catalyst possessed a mesoporous structure and high surface area. The high surface area of the La2O3 modified catalysts resulted in strong interaction between Ni and Mo-La, which improved the dispersion of Ni, and retarded the sintering of Ni during the CO2 reforming process. The reaction evaluation results also showed that the La2O3 modified Ni/Mo/SBA-15 catalysts exhibited high stability.     

嫁接法制备Ni/SBA-15催化剂的催化氯苯加氢脱氯

SBA-15表面经嫁接方式引入氨基官能团,与Ni络合制备了SBA-15负载的Ni催化剂(Ni/SBA-15N)。同时,采用传统的浸渍法制备了具有相似Ni负载量的催化剂(Ni/SBA-15)。在负载量相近条件下,Ni/SBA-15N的Ni颗粒分散性均高于Ni/SBA-15。XRD和TPR结果表明,催化剂焙烧后,在氨化SBA-15表面,Ni以硅酸镍形式存在,而在SBA-15表面,Ni以NiO形式存在。Ni/SBA-15对氯苯催化加氢脱氯活性不随Ni负载量的变化而变化;而在Ni/SBA-15N中,Ni负载量增加,催化剂活性增加。     

Dry reforming of methane over Ni/Ce0.62Zr0.38O2 catalysts: Effect of Ni loading on the catalytic activity and on H2/CO production

The activity of ceria–zirconia-supported nickel catalysts (Ni/CZ) with various loadings of nickel (2, 4 and 10 wt. %) was studied in the case of low-temperature dry reforming of methane (DRM). XRD, S_BET, SEM, TPD-CO₂ and thermogravimetry were used to determine the physicochemical properties of the catalysts and of the carbon deposits formed on the surface. It was found that the agglomerates of the Ni-active phase are formed on the surface of the support for high loadings of nickel. The best conversions of CO₂ and CH₄ and an optimum ratio H₂/CO = 1 were obtained for the catalysts with the highest Ni content. It was also found that loading has an influence on the amount of carbon deposits formed in the DRM process.     

羟基磷灰石负载Ni催化剂中Ni含量对催化甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气性能的影响

以低温沉淀方法制备的羟基磷灰石(HAp)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Ni含量的Ni/HAp催化剂,并采用BET、H2-TPR、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TEM和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,NiO含量为13%的催化剂表现出最好的催化甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气活性,在850℃、空速3.6×104mL/(h·gcat)的反应条件下,甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率在10 h内分别稳定在72%和83%。这主要归因于催化剂中金属和载体之间的强相互作用。虽然反应后的催化剂表面有少量的积炭,但这些积炭多以丝状炭存在,并不会影响催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

Carbon dioxide reforming of methane on monolithic Ni/Al2O3-based catalysts

Nickel-alumina catalysts supported on cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure surpass essentially the conventional granulated ones with respect to the output in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Adjusting the surface acid-base properties of catalysts by introduction of alkali metal (Na, K) oxides inhibits the carbonization and as a result, improves the operational stability of these catalysts. An effect of promotion of nickel-alumina based composite doped by lanthanum oxide is found. This effect, caused by an additional route for the CO2 activation on Ni-La2O3/Al2O3/cordierite catalyst, is displayed in increase of methane conversion under conditions of an oxidant excess.     

载体对担载Ni催化剂甲烷与二氧化碳重整反应活性的影响

制备了 Zr O2 、Mg O改性的 Al2 O3、Ti O2 复合载体 ,并应用 X-射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、比表面积测定、扫描电镜 (SEM)等手段进行了表征 .结果表明 ,这些氧化物在 Al2 O3上的晶粒尺寸小、比表面积大 ,分散较好 ,而在Ti O2 上的分散性较差 .对经 10 73K焙烧的 Mg O/ Ti O2 ,还发现部分 Ti O2 载体由锐钛矿变为金红石 ,同时生成Mg Ti O3 新相 .考察了载体对 Ni催化剂的 CH4与 CO2 重整反应活性的影响 ,其次序为 :Mg O/ Al2 O3>Zr O2 /Al2 O3>Al2 O3>Mg O >Zr O2 >Ti O2 >Mg O/ Ti O2 . Ti O2 及 Mg O/ Ti O2 担载 Ni催化剂的低活性可能与 Ti O2 本身的还原性有关     

Properties of internal heat supply with carbon dioxide reforming of methane over a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst.

An addition of 6%-oxygen into a reactant of CH₄/CO₂(1/1) gave lower operating temperature of carbon dioxide reforming of methane by 130 K in obtaining 0.029 MPa of H₂, accompanied by a more endothermic atmosphere in the catalyst bed than in the absence of oxygen. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

MgO纳米晶负载镍催化剂用于甲烷蒸汽重整反应(英文)

Nanocrystalline MgO with a relatively high surface area and mesoporous structure was synthesized by a surfactant assisted precipitation method for use as the support of nickel catalysts for steam reforming of methane. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, temperature‐programmed reduction, temperature‐programmed oxidation, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The catalysts showed high catalytic activity and good stability in the steam reforming of methane. Increasing the nickel loading up to 10 wt% gave increased activity. Catalysts with higher nickel loadings showed more deposited carbon after reaction. The excellent anti‐coking performance of the catalysts was attributed to the formation of a nickel‐magnesia solid solution, basicity of the support surface, and nickel‐support interaction.     

还原气氛对CoFe/SBA-15催化剂F-T反应性能的影响

考察了不同还原气氛处理CoFe/SBA-15催化剂对F-T反应性能的影响。结果表明,H2气氛下有利于六方钴的生成;催化剂的活性取决于钴含量,随着钴含量的增加,F-T反应中CO转化率增加,C5+选择性增加。随着铁含量的增加,催化剂表现了较高的CO2选择性。CO还原有利于立方钴的生成,导致催化活性相比H2还原的催化剂活性要低。同时CO还原容易产生积炭使催化剂的钴活性位被覆盖,导致甲烷选择性随着钴含量增加而升高。但碳化铁的生成有利于提高20Fe/SBA-15催化剂的活性,有利于低碳烃生成及C2~4烃烯烷比增加。     

Ni-WO3/SBA-15催化剂上纤维素的水解加氢

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni-WO₃/SBA-15催化剂,将其应用于纤维素的水相氢解.考察了温度对纤维素水解和其形貌的影响及Ni、WO₃含量等对纤维素转化行为的影响.XRD表征结果表明,随着温度的升高纤维素颗粒粒径逐渐变小并趋于均一,结晶状态逐渐由晶型变为无定型态.H₂-TPR结果表明,Ni和WO₃间存在较强的相互作用,这种相互作用提高了W物种对C-C键的解离性能,同时,提高了Ni物种的加氢活性,促进了纤维素向乙二醇的转化.在3%Ni-15%WO₃/SBA-15催化剂上,反应条件为230 ℃、6.0 MPa、6.0 h时,纤维素完全转化,乙二醇的产率达到70.7%.     

析因设计结合响应面法分析甲烷干重整过程中通过形成碳纳米管进行二氧化碳减排(英文)

A factorial experimental design was combined with response surface methodology(RSM) to opti-mize the catalyzed CO2 consumption by coke deposition and syngas production during the dry re-forming of CH4. The CH4 /CO2 feed ratio and the reaction temperature were chosen as the variables, and the selected responses were CH4 and CO2 conversion, the H2 /CO ratio, and coke deposition. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be a CH4 /CO2 feed ratio of approximately 3 at 700 °C, producing a large quantity of coke and realizing high CO2 conversion. Furthermore, Raman results showed that the CH4 /CO2 ratio and reaction temperature affect the system's response, particularly the characteristics of the coke produced, which indicates the formation of carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbon.