活性艳红X-3B水溶液的光化学与光催化协同脱色反应

 对影响活性艳红X－3B水溶液光化学与光催化协同脱色反应的各种条件（如溶液的pH值,紫外光照强度,空气流量,催化剂用量及溶液的初始浓度等）进行了考察．结果表明,降解率随着紫外光照强度的增强而加快,随着X－3B初始浓度的增大而减慢;催化剂最佳用量为4g／L,空气最佳流量为4．3L／h．在X－3B水溶液的光催化脱色过程中,存在有光解反应,但它远不如光催化反应重要．因此,活性艳红X－3B水溶液的降解是光化学与光催化的协同脱色反应．     

偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程

 通过研究在间歇悬浮体系中直接偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程,确定了最佳降解条件. 同时测定了染料溶液的脱色率、COD去除率和矿化率以考察降解过程中脱色与矿化的关系. 另外,对降解过程中溶液pH值的变化及反应的可能中间体进行分析,结果表明: 刚果红染料分子的光催化降解过程分为脱色和矿化两个阶段. 矿化主要发生在脱色结束以后, 并且伴随着脱色溶液的酸化现象. 脱色过程进行较快,完全脱色后形成的中间产物需要较长时间才能被逐步矿化.     

纳米管钛酸和二氧化钛的暗态吸附性能

研究了在暗态下纳米管钛酸,TiO2(A),P25TiO2对水溶液中活性艳红X 3B的吸附性能.结果表明,pH值不同时,三者对活性艳红X-3B的吸附量不同,分析了它们吸附性能不同的原因.     

TiO2/SiO2的制备及其对染料X-3B溶液降解的光催化活性

 以粗孔球形硅胶为载体,以聚乙二醇和二乙醇单乙醚的钛酸四丁酯无水乙醇溶液为浸涂液,用涂覆法制备了TiO2／SiO2光催化剂．用XRD,SEM和UV－Vis等对催化剂的物相、形貌及TiO2负载量进行了表征,并通过可溶性染料活性艳红X－3B的降解反应,考察了其光催化活性．实验结果表明,当选用16．79％TiO2／SiO2光催化剂时,活性艳红X－3B溶液的脱色率可达93％以上．     

优势菌固定化细胞对偶氮染料脱色的研究

利用紫外线诱变技术选育出高活力偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B脱色菌UVM7-9，以海藻酸钠为载体，采用包埋法固定UVM7-9细菌细胞用于处理含X-3B模拟废水。以固定化细胞对X-3B的脱色率和脱色寿命为试验指标，确定了最佳脱色条件，并与游离细胞对X-3B的脱色效果进行比较。结果表明，固定化细胞适应环境条件的范围更宽，脱色能力强，在30-35℃环境温度条件下，控制溶液pH为8，24h内对浓度为50mg／L的X-3B模拟废水的脱色率达93．8％。     

镍铁类水滑石对偶氮阴离子染料的吸附脱色作用

采用镍铁类水滑石作为吸附剂,对偶氮阴离子染料酸性大红G、活性艳红X-3B和直接耐酸大红4BS废水进行脱色处理,研究了时间、镍与铁的物质的量之比、初始pH和无机电解质添加剂等因素对脱色率的影响,并结合红外光谱和X射线衍射分析结果讨论了其吸附脱色机理.结果表明,三种染料在镍铁类水滑石上的吸附均为层间的阴离子交换吸附和外表面的吸附.通过阴离子交换进入层间后,不同于直接耐酸大红4BS阴离子,酸性大红G和活性艳红X-3B两种阴离子与水滑石层间水分子之间产生氢键作用;在化学键合过程中,染料分子被镍铁类水滑石表面Fe3+氧化,同时偶氮键断裂导致脱色.     

负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B染料

光催化氧化;负载型纳米光催化剂;负载型纳米TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B染料     

Ti基底的预处理对TiO2光催化膜长期稳定性的影响

研究了Ti基底的预处理方法对其负载的TiO2薄膜光催化活性和长期稳定性的影响.分别采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和电化学交流阻抗谱对样品进行了表征,并考察了Ti基底负载的TiO2膜光催化降解模型污染物苯甲酰胺和活性艳红X-3B的活性.结果表明,采用普通Na2CO3预处理Ti基底时制得的TiO2膜层较疏松,并且由于Ti基底自身生成的TiO2钝化膜层不断生长而导致其负载的TiO2光催化膜层明显脱落流失,该TiO2膜在水中浸泡60 d后即完全失活.而在乙二酸活化法预处理的Ti基底上能制备出致密的TiO2光催化膜,可抑制Ti基底自钝化膜的生长,从而显著提高了负载TiO2光催化膜的抗脱落流失能力,在水中浸泡280 d后,其光催化活性仍不低于新制备样品活性的70%;而且在35 d的活性艳红完全脱色连续流实验中,该TiO2光催化膜基本未发生失活现象.     

柠檬酸络合法制备La1-xPbxFeO3及其光催化性能

用柠檬酸络合法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3,并按不同比例进行掺杂,制备了La1-xPbxFeO3(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7)。用XRD,SEM,IR,UV-vis等方法对其进行表征,其结构均为钙钛矿型。并测定了其对活性艳红X-3B水溶性染料脱色的光催化活性。实验结果表明:在A位掺杂Pb2 ,产生了较多氧空位,降低了光生电子与空穴的复合速率,使LaFeO3的光催化活性明显提高,其中La0.7Pb0.3FeO3效果最佳。     

SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒的形态结构及其光催化活性

在气溶胶反应器中,利用TiCl4高温氧化反应制备超细TiO2,采用均匀沉淀法在TiO2表面沉积SnO2,制备SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒,应用TEM、EDS、XRD、BET比表面积测试等手段对粒子进行表征。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为处理对象,考察复合颗粒的光催化活性。结果表明SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒的光催化活性较纯气相合成超细TiO2有较大提高,SnO2最佳含量为15.3%,SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒光催化活性的提高归因于不同能级半导体之间光生载流子的输运和分离。     

TiO_2光催化/膜分离耦合过程降解偶氮染料废水

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用酸性溶胶法在低温下(<100oC)制备了纳米级TiO2粉末,X射线衍射分析表明,样品为锐钛矿型,晶粒尺寸为3.6nm.以250W紫外灯为光源,在自制悬浮式光催化膜反应器中进行降解活性艳红X-3B有机染料废水实验,采用尼龙6(N6)和混合纤维素(CN-CA)两类微滤膜对TiO2颗粒进行截留分离.综合考察了影响光催化和膜分离效率的因素.结果表明,反应起始pH值和催化剂用量对光催化膜反应器运行性能影响很大,该耦合体系的最佳pH值为4,染料和催化剂最佳浓度比为2:1,0.45和0.22μm的CN-CA膜对TiO2颗粒截留率可达96.5%以上.     

A simple route for the preparation of Eu, N-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced visible light-induced photocatalytic activity

A simple route has been developed for the synthesis of europium, nitrogen-codoped titania photocatalysts under mild conditions (i.e., low temperature, < or = 348 K, and ambient pressure). The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) analyses. The results showed that the codoped photocatalyst with a spheroidal shape exhibited a smaller size than the undoped titania. The transformation from anatase to rutile was suppressed by doping with Eu and N atoms. Furthermore, the absorbance spectra of Eu, N-codoped TiO(2) exhibited a significant red shift to the visible region. The photocatalytic activity of Eu, N-codoped TiO(2) was evaluated by photodegradation of the dye reactive brilliant red X-3B under visible light. This codoped sample exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to N-doped TiO(2), pure TiO(2), and P25.     

Radiation-induced decomposition and decoloration of reactive dyes in the presence of H2O2

The dyeing wastewaters represent a large input of hazardous compounds to the environment and these compounds are usually non-biodegradable. In this study, electron beam irradiation-induced decoloration and decomposition of reactive dyes in aqueous solution were investigated. Two different reactive dyes (reactive red KE-3B and reactive blue XBR) solutions were irradiated with electron beam at different doses in the absence and presence of H₂O₂. The changes of absorption spectra and pH value were described and analyzed as well as the degree of decoloration and COD removal. The influences of absorbed doses, H₂O₂ additions and initial dye concentrations are discussed. The experimental results show that reactive dyes in aqueous solutions can be effectively degraded by electron beam irradiation, especially in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.     

交联累托石/Cu2O纳米复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

以醋酸铜为原料, 交联累托石(CN-REC)为载体和模板, 制备了CN-REC /Cu₂O纳米复合材料. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对复合材料的形貌、表面结构、层间微结构、光响应性能进行了研究. 结果表明: CN-REC对Cu₂O的形貌具有较好的调控作用, Cu₂O均匀分散负载于CN-REC的层间和片层表面; Cu₂O和CN-REC通过Si―O―Cu键发生相互作用; 复合材料的能带隙变宽、光响应能力增强. 以卤素灯为可见光光源, 活性艳红(X-3B)为目标污染物, 研究了复合材料的可见光催化性能, 结果表明, 光催化反应过程符合L-H动力学模型, 2 h内浓度为160 mg·L^-1的X-3B去除效率可超过80%.     

碳掺氧缺型TiO2纤维的无外碳源制备及光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法, 结合离心纺丝技术及水蒸气活化工艺制备了一种碳掺氧缺型TiO₂(C-TiO_2-n)纤维光催化剂. 探究了C-TiO_2-n纤维的结构、 组分、 性质及碳掺杂对其光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 在无外碳源引入的情况下, 利用TiO₂前驱体中的有机组分作为碳源, 可以实现对TiO₂的碳掺杂, 且碳掺杂明显改善了光催化剂的光捕获能力并有效抑制了光生载流子的复合. 在以水中偶氮染料活性艳红(X-3B)作为目标污染物的光催化降解实验中, C-TiO_2-n纤维展现了优良的光催化活性和循环稳定性. 在可见光照射60 min后, 其对X-3B的降解率达到96.99%, 动力学常数为0.0556 min^-1, 是氧缺型TiO₂纤维的19.86倍.     

Effect of a spacer on phthalocyanine functionalized cellulose nanofiber mats for decolorizing reactive dye wastewater

We report a novel cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoPc) functionalized nanomaterial by spacer-arm immobilization of CoPc onto cellulose nanofiber mats. The spacer-arm was attached through the reaction of tetraethylenepentamine with oxidized cellulose nanofiber mats. CoPc was then covalently immobilized onto the spacer-arm using glutaraldehyde. The functionalization processes on the nanofiber mats were monitored by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This CoPc functionalized nanomaterial (CoPc-spacer-NM) was used for decoloration of reactive dye wastewater. Incorporation of the spacer-arm resulted in enhanced decoloration with respect to directly immobilized CoPc onto the cellulose nanofiber mats (CoPc-NM). Compared with CoPc-NM, CoPc-spacer-NM shows much higher adsorption capacity when conducted under acidic conditions, which enhances the catalytic oxidation rate of reactive dye when H₂O₂ was used as an oxidant. Reactive dye wastewater can also be efficiently decolorized by the CoPc-spacer-NM/H₂O₂ system under basic conditions, despite a relatively weak adsorption capacity. Electron paramagnetic resonance results suggested that the catalytic oxidation process involves the formation and reaction of hydroxyl radicals. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed the main products of the catalytic oxidation of reactive red X-3B were biodegradable aliphatic acids, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid and maleic acid.