电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定易切钢中铅含量

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对易切钢中铅的含量进行测定,样品经硝酸-盐酸(1+1)混合酸溶解,选择220.353 nm波长为测定铅的分析线,铅的质量浓度在2.00～20.00 mg·L-1范围内与其谱线强度呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.03 mg·L-1.该方法用于两个标准样品(GSBH 40064-93和GSBH 40061-93)中铅含量的测定,加标回收率在97.1%～99.1%之间,相对标准偏差(n=11)小于0.8%.     

迷迭香酸的CdTe量子点荧光探针同步荧光法测定

基于迷迭香酸对CdTe量子点荧光的猝灭效应,建立了一种高灵敏度的测定微量迷迭香酸的同步荧光法.在pH 5.7的缓冲溶液中,当固定波长差为210 nm时,CdTe量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于320 nm.在最佳实验条件下,迷迭香酸质量浓度在0.36 ～11.52 mg·L-1(1.00×10-6 ～3.20×10-5 mol/L)范围与CdTe量子点的同步荧光强度存在良好的线性关系.其线性回归方程为I0F/IF=0.931 7+0.128 9 ρ(mg·L-1),相关系数r=0.998 2,检出限为0.16 mg·L-1.10次重复测定2.16 mg·L-1 的迷迭香酸,相对标准偏差为2.8%.同时对其同步荧光猝灭机理进行了探讨.     

茜素红荷移光度法测定阿魏酸哌嗪

研究了茜素红与阿魏酸哌嗪的显色反应,建立了阿魏酸哌嗪含量测定的分光光度法.在水溶剂中阿魏酸哌嗪与茜素红发生荷移反应生成紫红色的复合物,其最大吸收波长为524nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.86×103 L·mol-1·cm-1.阿魏酸哌嗪的浓度在1.60⁴8.0mg·L-1范围内与体系的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为A=0.021 07+0.003 93c(mg·L-1,R=0.999 2),方法的检出限为1.19mg·L-1.将此新方法应用于阿魏酸哌嗪片中阿魏酸哌嗪含量的测定,回收率在97.5%48.0mg·L-1范围内与体系的吸光度呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为A=0.021 07+0.003 93c(mg·L-1,R=0.999 2),方法的检出限为1.19mg·L-1.将此新方法应用于阿魏酸哌嗪片中阿魏酸哌嗪含量的测定,回收率在97.5%¹00.9%之间.     

电荷转移分光光度法测定阿莫西林

阿莫西林与对苯醌在pH 5.8～6.2的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中形成1:1荷移络合物,其最大吸收波长为476 nm,表观摩尔吸光率为2.0×103L·mol-1·cm-1,阿莫西林质量浓度在200 mg·L-1以内服从比耳定律.用此方法测定药物制剂中阿莫西林的含量,结果与药典方法一致.相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于1.5%.     

浊度法测定硼酸中氯

在硝酸酸度约为1.3 mol·L-1硼酸试样溶液中加入硝酸银溶液,使溶液中存在的微量氯离子与之反应生成氯化银胶悬体,加入适量的1,2,3-丙三醇作为胶悬体的稳定剂.选择在400 nm波长处测定此胶悬体的吸光度,其吸光度与氯离子浓度在0.017～0.20 mg·L-1范围呈线性关系,求测方法的检出限(3S/b)为0.016 mg·L-1.对此反应的各影响因素(如检测波长、试液酸度、硝酸银溶液及丙三醇的加入量、反应的适宜温度时间,以及进行吸光度测定的时间等)作了较系统的试验并予以优化.对方法的回收率及精密度也作了试验,所得回收率在96.0%～102.6%之间,测得的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2%.     

高效液相色谱法测定黄姜中皂素

黄姜中皂素经过酸解释放,用ASE200萃取机萃取于甲醇中,然后用高效液相色谱法测定.色谱分离采用YWG-C18柱,以甲醇-水(95 5)溶液为流动相,于210 nm波长处检测.方法的检出限0.2 mg·L-1,线性范围为0.01～2.93 g·L-1.方法的回收率在97.1%～99.8%范围内,4个实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)为1.1%～1.5%.     

催化光度法测定水中痕量汞

痕量汞的存在对在稀硝酸介质中亚铁氰化钾及1,10-二氮菲之间的反应有明显的催化作用,在508 nm波长处测定催化体系及非催化体系的吸光度A及A0并计算其吸光度差△A,该体系的△A与相应汞的质量浓度从2.0×10-3～6.4×10-2 mg·L-1之间呈线性关系(r=0.987 6),其摩尔吸光率为5.92×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.对一件水样按此方法测定其汞含量,测得结果的RSD(n=6)值为0.134%.按标准加入法进行了回收率试验,所得结果在97.5%～102.7%之间.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铅锑合金中锑

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对铅锑合金中锑含量进行测定。样品经硝酸(1+1)溶液和200 g.L-1酒石酸溶液溶解,选择206.833 nm的谱线作为测定锑的分析线。锑的质量浓度在5.0~100.0 mg.L-1之间与其谱线强度呈线性关系。测定下限(10S/N)为0.179 mg.L-1。在优化的试验条件下,分析了两种铅锑合金样品,加标回收率分别为97.8%及98.6%,相对标准偏差(n=11)小于1.5%。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定麦当乳通颗粒剂中阿魏酸

提出了用高效毛细管区带电泳法(CZE)测定中成药麦当乳通颗粒中阿魏酸含量的方法.电泳分离在控温18 ℃的无表面涂层的熔质石英毛细管中进行.以12.5 mmol·L-1硼砂缓冲液(pH 8.20)为运行缓冲溶液,压力进样(6kPa×3 s),检测波长为200 nm.在1～52 mg·L-1质量浓度范围内呈线性(r=0.999 9),回收率为98.77%,RSD为1.9%,日内和日间的相对标准偏差分别为1.9%和1.6%.     

柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威

提出了测定水中呋喃丹和甲萘威的柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法。水样经盐酸酸化至pH 3后,用0.45μm水性滤膜过滤,取200μL水样直接进样,用Waters Carbamate Analysis分析柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm)和以甲醇-乙腈-水(1+1+3)混合液作为流动相进行分离。分离后用2 g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液进行水解,用每升中含邻苯二甲醛0.1 g、十水硼酸钠19.1 g及2-巯基乙醇0.5 mL的溶液进行衍生化,用荧光检测器在激发波长(eλx)为339 nm,发射波长(eλm)为445 nm处检测。方法检出限(3S/N)均为4×10-4mg·L-1。应用此方法测定了水厂出厂水和河水中呋喃丹和甲萘威,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得其平均回收率依次为93.0%~98.0%之间和93.0%~99.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于0.50%。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。