虾蛄脂肪酸分析

用快速脂肪提取器对雄、雌虾蛄肉及虾蛄头中的脂肪进行了提取和测定。脂肪经KOH CH3OH溶液水解并甲酯化后 ,采用 60m× 0 .3 2mmi.d.交联PEG 2 0M弹性石英毛细管柱 ,FID检测器 ,结合GC MS ,对脂肪酸进行了分析。结果表明 :雄虾蛄肉脂肪含量为 5 .1 4 % ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 74 .7% ,其中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)为 4 9.3 % ,EPA +DHA为 3 0 .2 % ;雌虾蛄肉脂肪含量为 6.0 2 % ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 71 .5 % ,其中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)为 4 2 .1 % ,EPA +DHA为 2 5 .2 % ;虾蛄头脂肪含量为 5 .65 % ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的 74 .3 % ,其中多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)为 5 1 .5 % ,EPA +DHA为 2 9.7%。     

脂肪乳剂对术后胃肠外营养病人多不饱和脂肪酸代谢的影响

目前认为人体必需脂肪酸(EFA)是亚油酸(C18:2)和α-亚麻酸(C18:3),人体内最多的不饱和脂肪酸为油酸,无脂完全胃肠外营养(TPN)导致的EFA的缺乏临床上可观察到一系列症状,且已得到动物实验结果的证实,因此含有EFA成分的脂肪乳剂成了目前营养液中不可缺少的成分之一.人体摄入EFA后,一方面作为供能物质在体内燃烧,另一方面通过代谢产生一系列的延伸产物发挥其功能.但过量的供给脂肪酸会引起△-6去饱和酶的抑制,导致更不饱和脂肪酸的缺乏.脂肪酸是外科手术后的主要燃料,多不饱和脂肪酸代谢紊乱后,体内各种脂肪酸的比例失调,导致生物膜如红细胞膜脂质结构的改变.本研究观察创伤前后及输入不同剂量的必需脂肪酸(EFA)对红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成和血清游离脂肪酸谱的影响.     

大豆磷脂中磷脂酰胆碱的脂肪酸组成分析

1　引　　言磷脂是生物膜的主要成分 ,是由甘油骨架、极性基团和不饱和脂肪酸组成的脂质类化合物。磷脂种类 (ＰＣ ,ＰＥ等 )的化学组成决定磷脂的物理特性 ,进而影响生物膜的功能。研究表明 :磷脂脂肪基团中不饱和碳 碳键是决定其相变温度的关键因素 ,同时 ,环境因素影响磷脂的脂肪酸组成 ,随环境温度的变化 ,磷脂的脂肪酸组成也作出相应的调整。因此 ,测定磷脂酰胆碱的脂肪酸组成 ,对研究大豆的遗传性及环境因素对其所造成的影响具有重要意义。磷脂脂肪酸组成的分析已有报道 ,但对于大豆磷脂酰胆碱脂肪酸组成的分析国内至今未见报道。本…     

脂肪酸氢过氧化物——生成、分离和鉴定

脂肪是动物体的重要组成部分,它是饱和及不饱和长链脂肪酸的甘油脂,例如,人体脂肪中的脂肪酸主要为 C_(14)至 C_(22)偶数长链脂肪酸,饱和及不饱和脂肪酸含量比约2:3,其中,油酸,亚油酸分别占15.9%和9.6%。     

毛细管气相色谱/质谱法测定柑籽中的脂肪酸

用乙醚/正已烷混合溶剂萃取柑籽中的脂肪酸甘油酯,用KOH-CH_3OH法甲酯化,以毛细管色谱/质谱/计算机法测定其脂肪酸组成,共检出7种脂肪酯,其中以棕榈酸(35.48%)、油酸(26.6%)及亚油酸(27.27%)为主。     

柽柳实中挥发油和脂肪酸分析

首次研究了维药细穗柽柳(Tamarix leptostachys Bunge)实中挥发油和脂肪酸的化学成分。 分别采用药典中的挥发油提取法和索式取提法提取柽柳实中的挥发油和脂肪酸,使用气质联用技术获取总离子流图,各色谱峰相应的质谱图经过NIST2011标准谱库检索定性,并采用峰面积归一化法进行定量分析,计算各成分的相对百分含量。 两种方法分别鉴定出48种挥发油和19种脂肪酸。 挥发油主要成分为芳香类化合物(43.71%)、芳香性醛酮类(20.58%)、脂肪酸类(13.03%)、酯类(17.36%)和醇类(4.19%)等。 脂肪酸主要成分为棕榈酸(35.61%)、亚油酸(27.26%)和油酸(11.33%)等,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸含量的38.65%。 维药细穗柽柳实中富含丰富的挥发油和不饱和脂肪酸,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

在线热辅助甲基化-气相色谱法分析棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成

建立了分析棉籽仁中脂肪酸组成的在线热辅助甲基化-气相色谱法。将0.3 mg棉籽仁样品与2 μ L三甲基氢氧化硫（0.2 mol/L）加入裂解器,在350℃下进行甲基化反应,通过气相色谱仪进行分离分析,共检测到8种脂肪酸甲酯成分,分别为亚油酸（C18：2）、油酸（C18：1）、棕榈酸（C16：0）、硬脂酸（C18：0）、肉豆蔻酸（C14：0）、棕榈油酸（C16：1）、花生酸（C20：0）和二十二酸（C22：0）,不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为66.30%~72.54%,其中亚油酸的相对含量为43.20%~53.61%,相对峰面积的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%（n=5）。通过分析5组棉籽仁样品与3种食用油中的脂肪酸组成,结果表明不同产地的棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成差异不明显,且棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成与玉米油最为接近,相似度为0.960~0.992。该方法简单、快速、准确,适合分析棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成。     

大鼠肝过氧化物酶体中脂肪酸的分析

 用双 (2 乙基己基 )酚酞酸酯 (DEHP)诱导大鼠肝过氧化物酶体增殖 ,再用蔗糖密度梯度离心法分离大鼠肝细胞过氧化物酶体 ,并用十七烷酸作内标 ,以毛细管气相色谱法在非极性SPB 1石英毛细管柱上对其中的 11种脂肪酸进行分离测定。正常组和诱导组的大鼠肝过氧化物酶体中的不饱和脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸所占总脂肪酸的比例及总脂肪酸的统计结果是 :诱导组的不饱和脂肪酸的含量高于正常组的 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而两个组的脂肪酸总量及长链脂肪酸的含量无明显差别。结果提示 :诱导组的大鼠肝过氧化物酶体的脂肪酸成分发生了变化 ,其膜结构与正常组的不相同。     

扁桃油中脂肪酸组成的GC-MS法分析

以正己烷为提取剂,采用超声法提取油脂,经KOH-甲醇甲酯化处理后,以气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术鉴定出陕西蒲城3个品种扁桃油中的脂肪酸主要组成为:油酸、亚油酸、9-十六碳烯酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸总量占91.4%以上,主要成分油酸占73.3%以上。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠肝过氧化物酶体膜磷脂

 用 HPL C测定了过氧化物酶体膜磷脂的含量。用 Folch法提取膜脂质 ,以 μ-Porasil Si60为固定相 ,以乙腈-甲醇 -磷酸为流动相 ,采用梯度洗脱 ,紫外检测波长 2 0 5 nm。标准回收率 :心磷脂 (C)为 (1 0 3 .97± 1 2 .5 7) % ,磷脂酰肌醇 (PI)为 (88.2 3± 5 .42 ) % ,磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS)为 (90 .3 3± 6.84) % ,磷脂酰乙醇胺 (PE)为 (84.41±1 0 .2 2 ) % ,磷脂酰胆碱 (PC)为 (89.78± 8.70 ) % ,鞘磷脂 (SM)为 (84.0 4± 1 2 .0 6) %。最小检出限分别为 :C1 2ng,PI 8ng,PS 2 3 ng,PE 4ng,PC 2 3 ng,SM 7ng。线性关系与回收率较好 ,结果令人满意。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。