高倍率性能正极材料LiFe_(0.9)Mg_(0.1)PO_4的结构

应用高温固相反应合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4和LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4.不同浓度的K2S2O8水溶液氧化LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4制备部分脱锂两相混合物Li0.4Fe0.9Mg0.1PO4及完全脱锂单相化合物Li0.1Fe0.9Mg0.1PO4.X射线衍射物相分析(XRD),选区电子衍射(SAED)和高分辨原子图像(HRTEM)测试表明,脱锂相Li0.1Fe0.9Mg0.1PO4是单相化合物,没有发生相分离.点阵参数计算表明,LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4体系嵌锂相和脱锂相的晶格错配度与LiFePO4体系相比有所降低,这正是锂离子电池正极材料LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4具有高倍率循环充放电比容量的结构基础.     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金.X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明,用X部分替代Ni后,促进了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金的非晶化过程.用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量,但却降低了合金的循环稳定性.用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命,尤其是Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Zn0.1合金电极经10个充放电循环后,其放电容量仍可达到313.8mA.h/g.对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现,Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金高,这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn, Zn, Co, Fe)系列合金. X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明, 用X部分替代Ni后, 促进了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金的非晶化过程. 用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量, 但却降低了合金的循环稳定性. 用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命, 尤其是Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Zn0.1合金电极经10个充放电循环后, 其放电容量仍可达到313.8 mA·h/g. 对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金高, 这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

固体电解质Ce_(0.9)Er_(0.1-x)Pr_xO_(1.95+δ)的微观结构及电性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了固体电解质Ce0.9Er0.1-xPrxO1.95+δ(x=0.02~0.08),利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和交流阻抗谱研究了样品的微观结构和电性能.XRD结果表明,800℃煅烧的所有样品均形成了单相立方萤石结构;Raman光谱结果表明,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ具有氧缺位的立方萤石结构;XPS分析表明,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ存在氧缺位,Pr3+离子和Pr4+离子共存;AFM观测结果表明,1300℃下烧结的样品比1400℃下烧结的样品致密;交流阻抗谱结果表明,Pr掺杂量x=0.05时,Ce0.9Er0.05Pr0.05O1.95+δ的电导率最高(σ600℃=1.34×10-2S/cm,Ea=0.90 e V),比未掺杂Pr的Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95(σ600℃=8.81×10-3S/cm,Ea=0.92 e V)提高了52%,说明在Ce0.9Er0.1O1.95中适量掺杂Pr可提高材料的电导率,降低活化能.     

LiBOB对Li_(1.15)Ni_(0.68)Mn_(1.32)O_4电极电化学行为的影响

采用恒电流充放电技术研究了锂离子电池电解液添加剂双草酸硼酸锂(Li BOB)对Li1.15Ni0.68Mn1.32O4电极电化学性能的影响,用X射线衍射(XRD)、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析了Li BOB对Li1.15Ni0.68Mn1.32O4电极性能的影响.结果显示,Li BOB作为电解液添加剂能显著改善Li1.15Ni0.68Mn1.32O4电极的循环性能,原因是Li BOB在充放电过程中会在Li1.15Ni0.68Mn1.32O4电极表面发生分解,分解产物在电极表面沉积形成固体电解质界面(SEI)膜,SEI膜能够有效抑制Li1.15Ni0.68Mn1.32O4电极材料中Mn的溶解,确保其晶体结构的稳定性,从而提高Li1.15Ni0.68Mn1.32O4电极的循环性能.     

N_2O在Cu_xFe_(1-x)Fe_2O_4和Ni_xFe_(1-x)Fe_2O_4复合氧化物催化剂上的分解反应

用共沉淀法制备了一组具有尖晶石结构的Cu-Fe和Ni-Fe复合氧化物,用于有氧条件下催化分解N2O,考察了催化剂组成对催化活性的影响.用N2物理吸附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征.结果表明:在不同组成的Cu-Fe、Ni-Fe系列复合氧化物催化剂中,Cu Fe2O4和Ni Fe2O4对于N2O分解反应的初活性较高,这是因为Cu Fe2O4和Ni Fe2O4的比表面积较高、晶粒较小,而且其表面氧物种与金属(Cu2+、Fe3+)的化学作用较弱,氧物种易脱除、脱氧量较高.相比较而言,Ni Fe2O4催化剂上的N2O分解活化能低于Cu Fe2O4,Ni Fe2O4的初活性优于Cu Fe2O4.500℃连续反应100 h,Cu Fe2O4上的N2O转化率降至84.9%,而Ni Fe2O4上的N2O转化率一直保持99%,Ni Fe2O4有较高的催化稳定性.     

(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(0.00≤x≤0.10)的合成、表征与电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=0.00、0.02、0.05、0.10)氧化物,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等手段对氧化物进行结构表征,交流阻抗谱测试电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为单一萤石立方结构;少量MoO3的加入提高了材料的致密性,降低了材料的总电阻、晶界电阻和晶界电阻在总电阻中所占比例,提高了材料的电导率.1200 ℃烧结样品24 h,测试温度700℃时,(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2-δ(x=O.00)总电导率和晶界电导率分别为0.05和O.19 S·m-1,掺Mo材料(Ce0.9Nd0.1)1-xMoxO2(x=0.02)的总电导率和晶界电导率分别为2.42和3.96 S·m-1.     

Sm_(1.2)Sr_(0.8)Co_(1-x)Ni_xO_(4+δ)(x=0.0,0.1,0.2)粉体在低温常压下电化学合成氨中的阴极催化性能

用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ(SDC)和Sm1.2Sr0.8Co1-xNixO4+δ(x=0.0,0.1,0.2)(SSCN)系列纳米粉体,并用热差分析、XRD粉末衍射和透射电镜方法对SSCN系列进行表征。以碳纸支撑的SSCN系列粉体为阴极、Nafion膜为电解质、碳纸支撑的NiO-SDC还原后得到的Ni-SDC粉体为阳极,以湿氢气和氮气为原料,在低温常压下研究了其在电化学合成氨中的性能。结果表明,在25～100℃和施加电压的条件下,使用SSCN系列粉体为阴极时均有氨气生成,其中Sm1.2Sr0.8Co0.9Ni0.1O4+δ作阴极时电化学合成氨的性能最佳,在80℃和0.5V时氨的产率为4.89×10-9mol/(s·cm2)。     

钌钛复合氧化物及其载铂催化剂的制备与表征

以TiN纳米粉体和RuCl3为前驱体,采用浸渍热分解法合成了Ru0.1Ti0.9O2纳米粉体,并以其为载体利用固相反应制备了Pt/Ru0.1Ti0.9O2催化剂.通过X射线衍射和透射电镜观察到RuO2和TiO2之间形成了金红石相的固溶体,Pt被均匀地担载于Ru0.1Ti0.9O2表面.在0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液中的极化曲线测试发现担载Pt与Ru0.1Ti0.9O2具有协同作用,因而具有优异的析氢、析氧电催化性能.质子交换膜燃料电池测试初步表明,Pt/Ru0.1Ti0.9O2具有高的氧阴极还原反应催化活性,进一步的反极实验证明其具有比Pt/C更高的稳定性.     

Effects of Ti and Co on the Electrochemical Characteristics of MgNi-Based Alloy Electrodes

Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni and Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1 were successfully prepared by means of mechanical alloying （MA）. The structure and the electrochemical characteristics of these Mg-based materials were also studied. The results of X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） show that the main phases of the alloys exhibit amorphous structures, and trace of Ni co-exists. The charge-discharge cycle tests indicate these alloys have good electrochemical active characteristics. And the cycle stability of Ti and Co doped alloy was better than that of MgNi alloy. After 50 cycle charge-discharge, the discharge capacity of the Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1 alloy was much better than that of MgNi and Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni alloys. The discharge capacity of Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1 was 102.8% higher than that of MgNi alloy, and 45.49% higher than that of the Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni alloy. During the process of charge-discharge cycle test, the main reason for the electrode capacity fading is the corrosion of Mg to Mg（OH）2 on the surface of alloys. The Tafel polarization test indicates Ti and Co improve the anticorrosion in an alkaline solution. The EIS results suggest that proper amount of Ti and Co doping improve the electrochemical catalytical activity on the Mg-based alloy surface significantly.     

Bis(dimethylmetall(III)glyoximato)metallate(II) (metall(III) = Al,Ga, In,metall(II) = Ni,Pd, Pt,Cu)

When the trimethyl derivatives of aluminium, gallium and indium react with glyoximato metallates, (R₂C₂N₂(O)OH)₂Met^II (R = H, CH₃; Met^II = Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu), in a $\text{2}\text{1}$ molar ratio, 2 mol of methane are evolved and monomeric bis(dimethylmetal(III)glyoximato)metallates(II) (metal(III) = Al, Ga, In) are formed in high yields. The vibrational and NMR spectra of the new complexes were measured and were partly resolved. The X-ray structure determinations of two of these compounds show non-planar structures of approximate C_2h and C₂ symmetry, respectively, with weak metal(III)?metal(II) π-interactions.     

The total syntheses of (±)-α- and β-dihydro-cleavamines, (±)-16-methoxycarbonyldihydrocleavamine, (±)-coronaridine, (±)-dihydrocatharanthine, (±)-ibogamine, (±)-epi-ibogamine and (±)-catharanthine2

The total syntheses of (±)α- and β-dihydrocleavamines, (±)-16-methoxycarbonyldihydro-cleavamine, (±)-coronaridine, (±)-dihydrocatharanthine, (±)-ibogamine, (±)-epi-ibogamine and (±)-catharanthine are described.