On the integral equation formulations of some 2D contact problems

Two integral equations, representing the mechanical response of a 2D infinite plate supported along a line and subject to a transverse concentrated force, are examined. The kernels of the integral operators are of the type (x−y)ln|x−y| and (x−y)²ln|x−y|. In spite of the fact that these are only weakly singular, the two equations are studied in a more general framework, which allows us to consider also solutions having non-integrable endpoint singularities. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of the equations are discussed and their endpoint singularities detected.Since the two equations are of interest in their own right, some properties of the associated integral operators are examined in a scale of weighted Sobolev type spaces. Then, new results on the existence and uniqueness of integrable solutions of the equations that in some sense are complementary to those previously obtained are derived.     

Planes and processes

This article presented to Combinatorics 2006 is a survey of finite projective planes and the processes used to construct them. All non-translation planes are described, fundamental processes in translation planes are defined and some of these are used to connect semi-field flocks with symplectic spreads. Hermitian ovoids are connected to extensions of derivable nets, and three types of ‘lifting’ methods are discussed. Furthermore, hyperbolic fibrations and ‘regulus-inducing’ central collineation groups are connected to flocks of quadratic cones. Finally, hyper-reguli and multiple hyper-regulus replacement are considered.     

Generalizations of M-matrices which may not have a nonnegative inverse

Generalizations of M-matrices are studied, including the new class of GM-matrices. The matrices studied are of the form sI-B with B having the Perron-Frobenius property, but not necessarily being nonnegative. Results for these classes of matrices are shown, which are analogous to those known for M-matrices. Also, various splittings of a GM-matrix are studied along with conditions for their convergence.     

Some new thin sets of integers in harmonic analysis

We randomly construct various subsets A of the integers which have both smallness and largeness properties. They are small since they are very close, in various senses, to Sidon sets: the continuous functions with spectrum in Λ have uniformly convergent series, and their Fourier coefficients are in ℓ_p for all p > 1; moreover, all the Lebesgue spaces L _Λ ^q are equal forq < +∞. On the other hand, they are large in the sense that they are dense in the Bohr group and that the space of the bounded functions with spectrum in Λ is nonseparable. So these sets are very different from the thin sets of integers previously known.     

Functions of a matrix and Krylov matrices

For a given nonderogatory matrix A, formulas are given for functions of A in terms of Krylov matrices of A. Relations between the coefficients of a polynomial of A and the generating vector of a Krylov matrix of A are provided. With the formulas, linear transformations between Krylov matrices and functions of A are introduced, and associated algebraic properties are derived. Hessenberg reduction forms are revisited equipped with appropriate inner products and related properties and matrix factorizations are given.     

Szeg? type polynomials and para-orthogonal polynomials

Szeg? type polynomials with respect to a linear functional M for which the moments M[tn]=μ−n are all complex, μ−n=μn and Dn≠0 for n?0, are considered. Here, Dn are the associated Toeplitz determinants. Para-orthogonal polynomials are also studied without relying on any integral representation. Relation between the Toeplitz determinants of two different types of moment functionals are given. Starting from the existence of polynomials similar to para-orthogonal polynomials, sufficient conditions for the existence of Szeg? type polynomials are also given. Examples are provided to justify the results.     

Planar unit-distance graphs having planar unit-distance complement

A graph G=(V,E) is called a unit-distance graph in the plane if there is an embedding of V into the plane such that every pair of adjacent vertices are at unit distance apart. If an embedding of V satisfies the condition that two vertices are adjacent if and only if they are at unit distance apart, then G is called a strict unit-distance graph in the plane. A graph G is a (strict) co-unit-distance graph, if both G and its complement are (strict) unit-distance graphs in the plane. We show by an exhaustive enumeration that there are exactly 69 co-unit-distance graphs (65 are strict co-unit-distance graphs), 55 of which are connected (51 are connected strict co-unit-distance graphs), and seven are self-complementary.     

On a signless Laplacian spectral characterization of -shape trees

Let M be an associated matrix of a graph G (the adjacency, Laplacian and signless Laplacian matrix). Two graphs are said to be cospectral with respect to M if they have the same M spectrum. A graph is said to be determined by M spectrum if there is no other non-isomorphic graph with the same spectrum with respect to M. It is shown that T-shape trees are determined by their Laplacian spectra. Moreover among them those are determined by their adjacency spectra are characterized. In this paper, we identify graphs which are cospectral to a given T-shape tree with respect to the signless Laplacian matrix. Subsequently, T-shape trees which are determined by their signless Laplacian spectra are identified.     

Construction of Cartesian authentication codes from unitary geometry

In the present paper several constructions of Cartesian authentication codes from unitary geometry over finite fields are presented and their size parameters are computed. Assuming that the encoding rules are chosen according to a uniform probability distribution, the probabilities P _I and P _S of a successful impersonation attack and a successful substitution attack, respectively, of these codes are also computed. Moreover, those codes so constructed, for which P _I and P _S are nearly optimal, are also determined.     

Finite difference schemes for the fourth-order parabolic equations with different boundary value conditions

In this paper, the fourth-order parabolic equations with different boundary value conditions are studied. Six kinds of boundary value conditions are proposed. Several numerical differential formulae for the fourth-order derivative are established by the quartic interpolation polynomials and their truncation errors are given with the aid of the Taylor expansion with the integral remainders. Effective difference schemes are presented for the third Dirichlet boundary value problem, the first Neumann boundary value problem and the third Neumann boundary value problem, respectively. Some new embedding inequalities on the discrete function spaces are presented and proved. With the method of energy analysis, the unique solvability, unconditional stability and unconditional convergence of the difference schemes are proved. The convergence orders of derived difference schemes are all O(τ² + h²) in appropriate norms. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical results.     

On Two Squares of Opposition: the Leśniewski’s Style Formalization of Synthetic Propositions

In the paper we build up the ontology of Le?niewski’s type for formalizing synthetic propositions. We claim that for these propositions an unconventional square of opposition holds, where a, i are contrary, a, o (resp. e, i) are contradictory, e, o are subcontrary, a, e (resp. i, o) are said to stand in the subalternation. Further, we construct a non-Archimedean extension of Boolean algebra and show that in this algebra just two squares of opposition are formalized: conventional and the square that we invented. As a result, we can claim that there are only two basic squares of opposition. All basic constructions of the paper (the new square of opposition, the formalization of synthetic propositions within ontology of Le?niewski’s type, the non-Archimedean explanation of square of opposition) are introduced for the first time.     

Generalized canonical analysis for time series

Canonical correlation analysis is shown to be equivalent to the problem of estimating a linear regression matrix, B₀, of less than full rank. After reparameterizing B₀ some estimates of the new parameters, obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem and closely related to canonical correlations and vectors, are found to be consistent and efficient when the residuals are mutually independent. When the residuals are generated by an autocorrelated, stationary time series these estimates are still consistent and obey a central limit theorem, but they are no longer efficient. Alternative, more general estimates are suggested which are efficient in the presence of serial correlation. Asymptotic theory and iterative computational procedures for these estimates are given. A likelihoodratio test for the rank of B₀ is seen to be an extension of a familiar test for canonical correlations.     

Predictor-corrector Methods with Improved Absolute Stability Regions

Generalized predictor-corrector methods with an extended regionof absolute stability are studied. Choosing an extrapolation-predictorand a backward-differentiation-corrector, methods of ordersup to 6 are constructed. The real stability boundaries of thesemethods are of magnitude m², where m is the number of right-handside evaluations per integration step. The coefficients of themethods can be generated during the computation for arbitraryvalues of m. The storage requirements are limited and are independentof m.     

Time shifted aliasing error upper bounds for truncated sampling cardinal series

Time shifted aliasing error upper bound extremals for the sampling reconstruction procedure are fully characterized. Sharp upper bounds are found on the aliasing error of truncated cardinal series and the corresponding extremals are described for entire functions from certain specific Lp, p>1, classes. Analogous results are obtained in multidimensional regular sampling. Truncation error analysis is provided in all cases considered. Moreover, sharpness of bounding inequalities, convergence rates and various sufficient conditions are discussed.     

Finite p-Groups All of Whose Proper Quotient Groups are Abelian or Inner-Abelian

In this article, finite p-groups all of whose proper quotient groups are abelian or inner-abelian are classified. As a corollary, finite p-group all of whose proper quotient groups are abelian, and finite p-groups all of whose proper sections are abelian or inner-abelian are also classified.     

Achievable sets, brambles, and sparse treewidth obstructions

One consequence of the graph minor theorem is that for every k there exists a finite obstruction set Obs(TW?k). However, relatively little is known about these sets, and very few general obstructions are known. The ones that are known are the cliques, and graphs which are formed by removing a few edges from a clique. This paper gives several general constructions of minimal forbidden minors which are sparse in the sense that the ratio of the treewidth to the number of vertices n does not approach 1 as n approaches infinity. We accomplish this by a novel combination of using brambles to provide lower bounds and achievable sets to demonstrate upper bounds. Additionally, we determine the exact treewidth of other basic graph constructions which are not minimal forbidden minors.     

Orthogonality connected with integral means and characterizations of inner product spaces

Kikianty and Dragomir (Math Inequal Appl 13:1–32, 2010) introduced the p?HH norms on the Cartesian square of a normed space, which are equivalent, but are geometrically different, to the well-known p-norms. In this paper, notions of orthogonality in terms of the 2?HH norm are introduced; and their properties are studied. Some characterizations of inner product spaces are established, as well as a characterization of strictly convex spaces.     

Quasi-Invariant and Pseudo-Differentiable Measures with Values in Non-Archimedean Fields on a Non-Archimedean Banach Space

Quasi-invariant and pseudo-differentiable measures on a Banach space X over a non-Archimedean locally compact infinite field with a non-trivial valuation are defined and constructed. Measures are considered with values in non-Archimedean fields, for example, the field Q _p of p-adic numbers. Theorems and criteria are formulated and proved about quasi-invariance and pseudo-differentiability of measures relative to linear and non-linear operators on X. Characteristic functionals of measures are studied. Moreover, the non-Archimedean analogs of the Bochner-Kolmogorov and Minlos-Sazonov theorems are investigated. Infinite products of measures are considered and the analog of the Kakutani theorem is proved. Convergence of quasi-invariant and pseudo-differentiable measures in the corresponding spaces of measures is investigated.__________Translated from Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Matematika, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 149–199, 2003.