Output frequency properties of nonlinear systems

Nonlinear systems usually have complicated output frequencies. For the class of Volterra systems, some interesting properties of the output frequencies are studied in this paper. These properties show theoretically the periodicity of the output super-harmonic and inter-modulation frequencies and clearly demonstrate the mechanism of the interaction between different output harmonics incurred by different input nonlinearities in system output spectrum. These new results have significance in the analysis and design of nonlinear systems and nonlinear filters in order to achieve a specific output spectrum in a desired frequency band by taking advantage of nonlinearities. Examples and discussions are given to illustrate these new results.     

Frequency domain analysis of a dimensionless cubic nonlinear damping system subject to harmonic input

The effects of cubic nonlinear damping on the system output spectrum are theoretically studied through a dimensionless mass–spring damping system model subject to a harmonic input, based on the Volterra series approximation. It is theoretically shown that the cubic nonlinear damping has little effect on the system output spectrum at high or low frequencies but drives the system output spectrum to be an alternative series at the natural frequency 1 such that the system output spectrum can be suppressed by the cubic damping.     

Dynamic Systems with Poisson White Noise

Methods are developed for finding properties of the output of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems to random actions represented by Poisson white noise and filtered Poisson processes. The Poisson white noise can be viewed as a sequence of independent, identically distributed pulses arriving at random times. The filtered Poisson process is the output of a linear filter to Poisson white noise. Three methods are considered for finding output properties. If the input has infrequent or frequent pulses, output properties can be obtained from a Markov model or the assumption that the input is a Gaussian white noise, respectively. Otherwise, a method based on Itô's formula for semimartingales is used to find output properties. Examples are used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

单框架控制力矩陀螺输出特性分析

广泛用于航天领域的单框架控制力矩陀螺,具有力矩放大效应的优点,其理论基础为有假设条件的力矩放大原理.本文不局限于这些假设,不限定工况,解析单框架控制力矩陀螺的输出特性.考虑安装基座的运动,得到具有两维输入三维输出的单框架控制力矩陀螺力矩输出模型,提出将输出力矩分解为可调控与不可调控两部分.为分析单框架控制力矩陀螺的输出...     

Long Memory in Cyclical Fluctuations

Conventional macroeconomic theory treats output fluctuations as merely transitory deviations around a deterministic pattern, the natural output trend. From such a perspective, output fluctuations can only be short-lived, thus giving economic shocks no lasting impact on long-term output. A rescaled range (R/S) approach is used in the context of cyclical fluctuations to explore these fluctuations. The analysis extends to other key macroeconomic variables to test for biased random walk in their behavior. From the examination of U.S. monthly postwar data, long memory is found in the money supply, aggregate output, income, and inflation fluctuations. However, no long memory is detected in unemployment behavior variations.     

Decentralized adaptive output feedback fuzzy controller for?a?class of large-scale nonlinear systems

In the previous work of Huang et al., a coordinated decentralized hybrid adaptive output feedback fuzzy control scheme of large-scale nonlinear systems is obtained predicated upon this prerequisite assumption that the local controllers can share the a priori information about their individual reference models. In this note, we concentrate in the absence of the coordination assumption on developing a classical decentralized combined indirect and direct adaptive fuzzy controller for a class of uncertain large-scale nonlinear systems. The output feedback and adaptation mechanisms proposed for each subsystem hinges just upon its individual output, regardless of any other output reference. Neither the famous strictly positive real (SPR) condition nor a high-gain observer (HGO) is required to realize the overall output feedback algorithm. The tracking errors of the closed-loop large-scale system are shown to converge to tunable neighborhoods of the origin. Simulation results on correlated inverted pendulums verify the validity of the decentralized controller modification.     

AIRSHIP ATTITUDE TRACKING SYSTEM

The attitude tracking control problem for an airship with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances was considered in this paper. The mathematical model of the airship attitude is a multi-input/multi-output uncertain nonlinear system. Based on the characteristics of this system, a design method of robust output tracking controllers was adopted based on the upper-bounds of the uncertainties. Using the input/output feedback linearization approach and Liapunov method, a control law was designed, which guarantees that the system output exponentially tracks the given desired output. The controller is easy to compute and complement. Simulation results show that, in the closed-loop system, precise attitude control is accomplished in spite of the uncertainties and external disturbances in the system.     

Global dynamic output feedback for high-order nonlinear systems with uncertain output function

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this article, a dynamic output feedback controller is proposed for a family of high-order nonlinear systems with uncertain output function. First, the nominal system is...     

Robust output feedback control of time-delay nonlinear systems with dead-zone input and application to chemical reactor system

Nonlinear Dynamics - This paper investigates the problem of robust output feedback control for a class of time-delay nonlinear systems with unknown continuous time varying output function. Unlike...     

高能量爆磁压缩电流发生器理论分析与实验研究

根据多分支爆磁压缩电流发生器的电路方程,建立了多分支爆磁压缩电流发生器的等效电路模型,并利用该模型优化设计了一种长600mm、直径120mm、总质量10kg且具有高能量输出的爆磁压缩装置8 7A。实验结果表明,8 7A型装置能在360nH电感性负载上产生峰值为512kA的脉冲电流,储能45.8kJ,能量放大90倍。     

A delay partitioning approach to output feedback control for uncertain discrete time-delay systems with actuator saturation

This paper is concerned with the problems of output feedback control for uncertain discrete time-delay systems with input saturation. The delay partitioning approach is proposed to obtain new stability criteria. The dynamic output feedback controller is designed based on a linear matrix inequality framework. A sufficient condition is developed, which guarantees the existence of dynamic output feedback controllers such that all trajectories of the closed-loop system starting from an admissible initial condition domain converge to a smaller ellipsoid. Simulation examples are provided to show the potential of the proposed techniques.     

Residual frequency autocorrelation as an indicator of non-linearity

A new temporal analysis approach using discrete frequency models has recently been introduced by the authors. These models relate the steady-state output of non-linear vibrating systems at each frequency to the excitation at that frequency and the output at other frequencies. The discrete frequency modeling approach is used here to derive an experimental frequency domain indicator function for non-linear vibrations. These indicator functions are autocorrelation functions of residuals from multiple input, multiple output frequency response function estimates. Unlike ordinary spectral coherence functions, which only indicate input–output linearity locally at a single frequency, the autocorrelation functions relate the error at each frequency to the errors at frequencies across the frequency band of interest. This feature enables residual autocorrelation functions to distinguish between system non-linearities and bias errors localized in frequency. Non-linearities in a simulated single-degree-of-freedom system, an analog computer system, and a complicated multiple-degree-of-freedom system are detected using the new indicator function.     

Power requirements for wheels operating in sand

Based on the WES mobility prediction system, which allows the determination of system output (pull coefficient) and system input (torque coefficient) at 20% slip and the determination of the towed force coefficient, a technique was developed for predicting power requirements for wheels operating in sand as a function of system output for the full operating range from the towed condition to the 20% slip condition. Separate relations of system output and system input as functions of slip can be predicted also. Possibilities for incorporating this prediction method as a soil submodel into an overall vehicle mobility simulation model are discussed.     

Stochastic resonance in a harmonic oscillator with damping trichotomous noise

In this paper, the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) in a prototype fluctuating damping harmonic oscillator with trichotomous Markovian noise is investigated. The exact expression of output amplitude gain has been calculated using the well-known Shapiro–Loginov formula. The phenomenon of SR has been found in a broad sense—that is, the non-monotonic behavior of output amplitude gain as a function of noise parameters. Then the influences of noise amplitude, noise switching rate, and noise flatness on the output amplitude gain have also been discussed. Finally, the reverse resonance phenomenon has been presented.     

不等间隔角速率输出的捷联航姿算法研究

结合实际系统陀螺输出为不等间隔角速率信号且时间间隔已知的特点，将陀螺输出数据的时间间隔引入定时增量算法，提出了一种梯形积分增量算法。为补偿圆锥运动误差，推导了不等间隔角速率输出时的旋转矢量二子样算法，并在典型圆锥运动条件下，将本算法与甚童的捷联姿态算法进行比较。结果表明：在陀螺输出为不等间隔的角速率信号时，不等间隔的等效旋转矢量算法具有一定的优越性。     

双稳系统中随机共振与相同步时间的相关性

研究了双稳系统的随机共振(SR)与输入输出之间的相同步相关性. 首先得到系统的输出信噪比(SNR)与输入输出之间的平均相同步时间的表达式,然后讨论了随机共振与输入输出之间的平均相同步时间之间的关系. 结果表明:(1)系统出现了随机共振现象,且平均相同步时间对噪声是敏感的;由于加性与乘性噪声的相互影响,随加性噪声强度的增加,输出信噪比及平均相同步时间曲线上首先出现抑制现象,然后出现峰值,并且, 减小乘性与加性噪声强度比率,可提高输出信噪比和增长平均相同步时间. (2)系统的随机共振与平均相同步时间达到最大值不同步出现,但平均相同步时间对输出信噪比是敏感的. 该结论为信号传输中利用随机共振原则改变系统工作环境提供了依据.      

高动态载体高精度捷联惯导算法

捷联惯导系统的精度是导航的关键.传统的捷联惯导算法受惯性传感器更新速率限制,其精度和实时性在高动态下受到极大影响.在研究传统捷联惯导算法的基础上,建立了统一的捷联惯导微分方程,并提出了基于一次采样的四阶龙格库塔捷联算法,降低了惯性器件采样频率对捷联解算周期的限制.利用设计的基于DSP的半物理仿真系统验证表明,该算法能有效满足高动态下捷联惯导算法的实时性要求,定位精度提高约1倍,具有重要的工程应用价值.     

Reduced-order observer-based backstepping tracking control for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems

In this paper, an output feedback tracking control scheme is put forwarded for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems, whose dynamics involve not only unknown parameters but also unmeasured states multiplied by output nonlinearities. A type of reduced-order observer is first developed. By adding some output related items in the observer, the estimation error realize global asymptotic convergence under disturbance free condition, and global bounded convergence when considering disturbance. Besides, the dimension of the closed-loop system is reduced, and the update law of this observer gain is beneficial for steady tracking. After the observer was established, the controller is constructed by employing the adaptive backstepping approach, and a smooth nonsingular robust item is proposed to handle the influence of stochastic disturbance. All the signals in the closed system is proved to be globally bounded in probability. Moreover the output tracking error converges to an arbitrary small neighborhood of the origin by proper choosing of the design parameters. The simulation results based on current control scheme and the comparison with the previous method illustrate that the proposed output feedback scheme realizes good tracking performance and strong ability on stochastic disturbance attenuation.     

基于等效电路法的变三角截面驰振压电能量收集研究

随着能源危机的逐渐加剧,人们对压电俘能器研究的投入也与日俱增,目前常见的研究压电俘能器的模拟方法只能研究其接入简单的单一电阻负载电路时的性能,且不能解决压电俘能器的高强度直流电路耦合问题。因此,本文借助二阶范德波尔控制方程将压电俘能器的主要部件等效为电子元件,进而基于等效电路法建立了与变三角截面驰振压电振动俘能器相对应的等效电路模型。借助风洞实验验证了所建立的等效电路模型的准确性。采用该模型研究了外接电路,钝体顶角,外接电阻和来流速度对变三角截面驰振压电俘能器输出电压,输出功率和响应位移的影响,结果表明,随着电阻的增大,输出电压逐渐增大且增长率逐渐减小。交直流电路的最佳负载分别为1.05 MΩ和1.4 MΩ,当风速为7.03 m/s,钝体顶角为90°时,交直流电路输出电压和输出功率的峰值分别为41.34 V,0.974 mW和50.8 V,0.616 mW。随着钝体顶角的增大,输出电压,输出功率和响应位移均逐渐增大且增大的速度逐渐减小。等效电路模型可以高效,准确地对不同结构参数下和外界电路下的压电振动俘能器的输出功率,输出电压,响应位移及其影响因素进行研究,所提出的等效电路模型于加快对压电振动俘能器的研究与推广应用具有一定意义。     

悬臂梁挠曲电俘能器的力电耦合模型及性能分析

挠曲电效应指应变梯度在电介质中引起的电极化现象,是一种普遍存在的力电耦合行为。应变梯度与材料的尺寸成反比,因此挠曲电效应有望在纳米尺度主导材料的物理性质,尤其是力电耦合性能。本文建立了悬臂梁挠曲电俘能器的理论模型,基于哈密顿原理得到了悬臂梁挠曲电俘能器的控制方程和相应的边界条件;进一步,得到了悬臂梁挠曲电俘能器的输出电压频率响应和功率密度频率响应随悬臂梁的振动频率、外电路阻抗、挠曲电层厚度以及弹性层模量的变化规律。聚偏氟乙烯和环氧树脂层合挠曲电悬臂梁俘能器模型的数值结果表明输出电压频率响应和功率密度频率响应在共振频率点取得最大值,且随着各阶模态对应的共振频率的增加悬臂梁挠曲电俘能器的输出电压和功率密度均增加。此外,计算结果还表明悬臂梁俘能器存在最佳匹配阻抗,在匹配阻抗附近悬臂梁俘能器的输出功率密度随挠曲电层厚度的减小而增大,表现出明显的尺寸效应。本文工作提供了一种基于挠曲电效应的悬臂梁俘能器的理论模型,为悬臂梁俘能器的设计提供了理论依据。