便携式质谱仪的研究进展

面对大气、河流、土壤等化学污染,各种突发性爆炸事故和化学泄漏事件,以及生化武器滥用等等社会问题,迫切需要对源头进行现场原位检测分析.质谱(MS)以其检测速度快、灵敏度高、检测样品量少、可对未知物定性定量检测等特点,非常适合应用于这些现场的分析检测.然而实验室用MS的体积、重量、功耗等较大,不便于搬运,无法实现现场的原位检测.近年来,便携式质谱仪的出现,使得现场原位质谱分析成为可能,并且随着人们对原位质谱分析的要求越来越高,便携式质谱仪从质量分析器、迸样方法,以及真空系统等方面进行了不断改进,并在临床诊断、食品质量控制、法医学、环境学等多个领域发挥了重要作用.文章对近年来便携式质谱仪的发展进行了梳理,并对仪器及其相关部件的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

质谱在高通量快速检测技术中的应用研究进展

质谱是现代分析测试技术中同时具备了灵敏度高、特异性好、分析速度快等特性的普适性方法,现已被广泛应用于食品检验、环境监测、药物筛选、临床医学等众多领域的高通量快速检测技术中。该文针对近年来低分辨质谱、高分辨质谱以及原位电离质谱技术在高通量快速检测,特别是小分子化合物的高通量快速检测中的应用研究进展进行了综述,并对质谱技术用于高通量快速检测的发展趋势及应用前景进行了展望,以期为相关领域的科技人员提供理论支持和技术参考。     

膜进样质谱技术及其应用

膜进样质谱（MIMS）具有简单、快速和高灵敏等优点,在现场检测中的应用日益广泛。该技术利用半透膜将目标化合物从复杂的气相、液相体系中选择性分离后进入质谱进行分析检测。由于其可在不经色谱分离和样品前处理条件下实现复杂实际样品的分析,特别适合于现场应用。该文综述了膜进样质谱的原理和主要组成,重点论述了膜进样-单光子软电离质谱方面的技术进展以及膜进样质谱在环境、生态学、生命科学、生物等领域的应用进展。最后,对膜进样质谱今后的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。     

常压电离质谱在公共安全化学毒物检测的应用

常压电离质谱技术(Ambient ionization mass spectrometry,AIMS)以其敞开式环境、简便操作、原位、实时、高通量等优势,成为公共安全化学毒物检测领域的研究热点.该文基于文献计量分析,简要概述了AIMS的分类、发展趋势及其在公共安全化学毒物检测领域的发展现状,重点从检测灵敏度、样品前处理...     

气相色谱-飞行时间质谱在化合物鉴定方面的应用与进展

色质联用技术已成为现代化学分析的重要工具。气相色谱串联飞行时间质谱(GC-TOF MS)的应用,将色质联用技术的发展带入快速检测样品和复杂基质分析领域,被认定为最具市场潜力的气相色谱与质谱联用仪器[1]。本文简要概述了近十年GC-TOF MS在化合物鉴定方面的相关应用并对其发展进行了展望。基于飞行时间质谱的高分辨能力、高采集速率、精确质量全谱采集等特点,该技术已广泛应用与环境监测,食品安全,生物医药等领域中复杂基质分析。随着仪器的发展,GC-TOF MS将在目标化合物与未知化合物的可靠鉴定方面发挥更大的作用     

离子迁移谱仪6秒钟让爆炸物显露原形

不久前,中科院大连化学物理研究所成功研制可检测爆炸物和毒品的非放射性光电离源离子迁移谱仪,成功通过公安部检测。该仪器可满足大部分爆炸物和毒品检测种类的检测,6 s 即可检测出危险物,为公共安全现场快速分析提供有力保障。     

拒绝农残、非法添加剂,用光谱新技术保障舌尖上的安全

正Finder Edge系列手持式拉曼光谱仪是北京卓立汉光仪器有限公司应市场应用需求而开发出来的,该系列产品作为卓立汉光光谱家族的新成员,采用了当今最新的空间耦合光学设计、电子学设计以及融合了科学的化学计量学算法,同时基于现场快速检测的宗旨,从而保证了仪器的操作简便,性能卓越、功能强大、智能操作、维护方便、环境实用性强等特点。该仪器可应用于医药、石油、化工、环保、食品、材料、公安、国防等领域。     

核酸适配体-荧光传感技术在重金属检测领域的应用

重金属污染环境后难以自然降解或无害化,进入有机体后有较强的生物蓄积性,会对环境安全和人类健康造成巨大威胁;此外,有些高毒重金属离子还可作为蓄意投毒、威胁恐吓的恐怖剂.因此,对环境中的重金属离子实现快速、现场检测尤为重要.传统仪器检测方法前处理复杂、成本高、操作需要专业人员,现场应用受限.近年来随着技术的发展和新材料的应...     

质谱技术在核酸研究领域的应用

质谱技术具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,近年来在生物分析方面得到了广泛的应用.核酸作为生命的基本物质,一直是生命领域的研究热点,进展日新月异.而质谱方法也成为了科学家研究核酸的强有力工具,具有广阔的发展前景.本文介绍了核酸检测的质谱技术,并简要综述了质谱在核酸的高级结构研究、与小分子相互作用、DNA损伤与修饰等领域的应用,重点介绍了中国学者的研究成果.     

比色法在爆炸物检测中的研究进展

爆炸物杀伤力大、隐蔽性强,被广泛应用于军事战争,也是恐怖分子施暴方式的首选。基于保护人民生命和财产安全的迫切需求,爆炸物检测技术受到世界公共安全领域的高度重视。相比于其它分析方法,比色法因操作简便、抗干扰性强,不依赖分析设备的优势成为最适用于现场快速检测爆炸物的方法之一。该文主要综述了比色法在爆炸物探测领域的研究进展,包括对比色探针和比色阵列研究进展的总结与前景分析,并重点讨论了比色人工嗅觉系统及其在爆炸物检测中的应用,展望了其未来的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Research Advances in Ambient Ionization and Miniature Mass Spectrometry

The development and applications of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry are current research focus in chemical measurement. The analytical technology based on the combination of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry can bypass chromatographic separation and eliminate or simplify sample pretreatment process. The protocol can reverse the labor-intensive and time-consuming drawbacks of traditional analytical methodologies, and realize rapid, on-site analysis with high sensitivity and high throughput. In this paper, the research progress and applications of ambient ionization and miniature mass spectrometry in the fields of food safety, consumer product safety, public security, life sciences and environmental monitoring, are reviewed, and future trends and prospects are discussed, which may provide technical guidance for the researchers engaged in relevant fields.     

敞开式离子化质谱在贸易产品化学风险物质筛查中的应用及前景

敞开式离子化质谱是一种新兴的质谱快检技术,具有分析速度快、操作流程简单、特异性强等特点。该技术无需对样品做复杂预处理,尤其在与便携式质谱仪联用时,可用于大量样品的现场、快速、准确筛查,在贸易产品化学风险物质的筛查中展现出广泛的应用前景。该文主要综述敞开式离子化质谱近年来在贸易产品化学风险物质筛查方面的研究进展,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Portable electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for analysis of contaminants in the field

Hitherto analysis of chemicals in the field using mass spectrometry (MS) has been limited to analysis of non-polar and thermally stabile organic compounds using either a direct gas leak or a membrane inlet as MS interface. Recently, Professor R. Graham Cooks’ group demonstrated that miniature mass spectrometers operating at elevated pressures (>0.13?Pa (1?·?10^?3??Torr)) can be combined with electrospray ionization (ESI) for analysis of polar as well as thermally labile organic compounds. We present a simple miniaturized ESI unit for analysis of small liquid samples using miniature mass spectrometry. The ESI unit operates without pumps and supplementary sheath gases, which makes it very simple to handle in the field. 20–30?µL of sample solution is simply dropped into a small cavity in the ESI unit, where after the spray is initiated by applying high voltage to it. The miniaturized ESI unit was tested in combination with a miniature mass spectrometer (the Mini 10 developed by Professor R. Graham Cooks, Purdue University, IN) and we found that common herbicides (Atrazine, Prometryne, Terbutryne and Triadimefone) could be detected with detection limits around 1?mg?L^?1 and with a quantitative reproducibility of +/?30%. These characteristics, although high for environmental samples, are comparable to detection limits obtained with other ESI units used with miniature mass spectrometers and represent an early step forward towards a future field instrument. A major advantage of the capillary spray cell is its direct compatibility with micro extraction techniques for sample pre-concentration.     

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: a tutorial

Ambient ionization is a set of mass spectrometric ionization techniques performed under ambient conditions that allows the direct analysis of sample surfaces with little or no sample pretreatment. Using combinations of different types of sample introduction systems and ionization methods, several novel techniques have been developed over the last few years with many applications (e.g., food safety screening; detection of pharmaceuticals and drug abuse; monitoring of environmental pollutants; detection of explosives for antiterrorism and forensics; characterization of biological compounds for proteomics and metabolomics; molecular imaging analysis; and monitoring chemical and biochemical reactions). Electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization are the two main ionization principles most commonly used in ambient ionization mass spectrometry. This tutorial paper provides a review of the publications related to ambient ionization techniques. We describe and compare the underlying principles of operation, ionization processes, detecting mass ranges, sensitivity, and representative applications of these techniques.     

Forensic applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry

This review highlights and critically assesses forensic applications in the developing field of ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Ambient ionization methods permit the ionization of samples outside the mass spectrometer in the ordinary atmosphere, with minimal sample preparation. Several ambient ionization methods have been created since 2004 and they utilize different mechanisms to create ions for mass-spectrometric analysis. Forensic applications of these techniques—to the analysis of toxic industrial compounds, chemical warfare agents, illicit drugs and formulations, explosives, foodstuff, inks, fingerprints, and skin—are reviewed. The minimal sample pretreatment needed is illustrated with examples of analysis from complex matrices (e.g., food) on various substrates (e.g., paper). The low limits of detection achieved by most of the ambient ionization methods for compounds of forensic interest readily offer qualitative confirmation of chemical identity; in some cases quantitative data are also available. The forensic applications of ambient ionization methods are a growing research field and there are still many types of applications which remain to be explored, particularly those involving on-site analysis. Aspects of ambient ionization currently undergoing rapid development include molecular imaging and increased detection specificity through simultaneous chemical reaction and ionization by addition of appropriate chemical reagents.     

Recent developments of miniature ion trap mass spectrometers

The recent development of miniature ion trap mass spectrometer systems in the last ten years is reviewed in this paper. These instruments adopt different atmospheric pressure interfaces (APIs), which are membrane inlets (MIs), discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) and continuous atmospheric pressure interface (CAPI).     

In Situ Explosive Detection Using a Miniature Plasma Ion Source and a Portable Mass Spectrometer

A small low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization probe was coupled to a portable mass spectrometer for the rapid detection of trace explosives on surfaces. Using only a small diaphragm pump to supply ambient air to the LTP source, 100 ng each of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (Tetryl) were detectable on glass in under 1 minute. The main ion signal from these molecules (M) is the [M + NO₃]^? species. While much optimization remains, it is believed that this miniature LTP source will remove the need for external gas cylinders and additional heating for in situ explosives detection using portable mass spectrometers.     

介质阻挡放电离子源质谱分析

敞开式离子化质谱可对表面样品进行直接快速分析而受到关注,成为质谱分析的热点研究方向.介质阻挡放电离子源是一种基于等离子体放电机理的敞开式离子源,近年来得到了较快的发展.本文着重介绍该离子源的基本原理、性能特征以及应用进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

Non-proximate detection of explosives and chemical warfare agent simulants by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is used for the selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of explosives and chemical warfare agent simulants from ambient surfaces at distances of up to 3 meters from the mass spectrometer.