光催化耦合微生物同步降解污染物

由于水体中新兴污染物不断增多,如何运用新型处理技术来弥补传统污水处理方法的缺陷已成为当前的研究热点。光催化耦合微生物同步降解污染物(ICPB)在保留生物法处理废水优点的同时,耦合了光催化高效、迅速的特性,可实现对多种污染物质的有效降解,节约了能源和成本,成为水体污染物有效去除的一个重要研究方向。ICPB体系主要由多孔载体、光催化材料及生物膜构成;其主要的工作原理是通过光激发载体上的光催化材料,将水体中难生物降解的污染物转化为可生物降解的物质,同时在载体内部微生物的代谢作用下,将这些污染物的中间降解产物继续矿化。本文根据光催化耦合微生物同步降解污染物体系中的关键构成,归纳总结了载体种类、光催化材料和负载生物的研究进展,探讨了该方法在去除水体污染物中的实际应用,并展望了其将来发展的方向和趋势。     

应用零价铁基材料还原和催化氧化降解多溴联苯醚

多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）是一类新型的持久性有机污染物（POPs）,由于不合理的使用和处置,在多种环境介质中均存在不同程度的污染。环境中PBDEs的降解技术已成为近年来的研究热点。大量的研究表明,零价铁（ZVI）还原脱溴降解PBDEs是一种高效快速且经济可行的治理技术。本文在总结国内外关于ZVI基材料降解PBDEs研究的基础上,分析了ZVI还原降解PBDEs的机理、动力学、影响因素及降解路径。从总体上看,ZVI作为高活性电子供体虽然能将高溴代PBDEs迅速降解为低溴代产物,但产生的低溴代PBDEs往往具有更大的环境风险,需进一步降解处理。近年来的研究表明,利用ZVI作为间接电子供体,通过催化活化H₂O₂或过硫酸盐产生高活性自由基,能够实现开环降解低溴代PBDEs。基于以上分析,通过构建一套先还原-后氧化的降解体系,有望实现高溴代PBDEs的彻底降解。最后,本文对ZVI降解PBDEs技术的后续研究进行了讨论和展望。     

非均相芬顿体系协同去除复合双污染物:化学转化,pH影响和机理分析

系统研究了ZVI(零价铁粉)-Fenton体系协同去除铜离子和亚甲基蓝(MB)污染物过程中, ZVI微表面发生的化学转化以及目标污染物降解机理. 分别利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线能谱(EDS), X射线衍射(XRD), X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等技术, 对比分析了反应前后以及不同体系之间ZVI表面结构, Fe和Cu化学转移的变化. 结果表明, 在ZVI/H₂O₂体系中反应后ZVI表面腐蚀产物较多, 主要为Fe₃O₄和Fe₂O₃. 在ZVI/H₂O₂-Cu体系中, 虽ZVI腐蚀作用更加剧烈, 但ZVI表面残留的腐蚀产物较少, 且腐蚀产物中Fe₃O₄含量的占比增加. Cu ²⁺主要还原产物为Cu ⁰, 同时还伴随着CuO的生成. pH影响实验表明, ZVI/H₂O₂-Cu体系不仅强化了MB的降解, 有效地去除了总溶解铜离子(TCu), 同时还扩大ZVI-Fenton体系的有效pH范围(pH=2.5~5.5). 叔丁醇捕获自由基实验表明, 羟基自由基是氧化降解MB的主要活性物质. 最后针对ZVI-Fenton体系协同去除复合双目标污染物的机理进行研究分析.     

以乙酸为模型反应物的Ti-Ce复合氧化物湿式氧化催化剂的研制

催化湿式氧化(catalytic wet air oxidation, CWAO)为高浓度难降解有机废水提供了一种有效可行的处理技术[1～8],它可使难降解有机物分子在相对较低的反应温与压力下降解矿化或生成易生物处理的小分子有机物.     

超声技术处理水中有机污染物

超声技术在处理水中有机污染物的应用近年来受到越来越多的关注.与常规处理方法相比,超声处理高效省时.超声技术对众多难处理有机污染物的降解是有效的.本文介绍了超声降解有机污染物原理、影响因素和各种方法,主要包括单独使用超声处理和超声与生物催化剂、化学氧化、吸附等其它技术的联用,综述了近年来利用超声技术处理水中有机污染物的研究进展,对存在问题和发展趋势提出了见解.     

光催化耦合技术在废水处理中的最新进展（英文）

随着工业进步和人口增长,大量难降解的有机污染物被排放到水体中,环境污染成为一个日益严峻的全球性问题.大多数有机污染物具有致癌性、诱变性、细菌性和复杂多样性,难以通过传统的化学、生物和光解等处理方法有效去除,亟需探索环保有效的去除污染物技术.光催化技术可以直接利用太阳光进行污染物降解,对环境友好,然而,其实际应用受到太阳能利用率低、催化剂分离困难、催化剂稳定性低以及矿化率低等因素的限制.近年来,将光催化技术与其他技术耦合成为解决上述困难的新趋势.对光催化耦合技术的最新进展和工作机制进行系统地梳理和总结对进一步推动去除污染物技术的发展具有重要意义.本文系统总结了光催化耦合技术在废水处理中的最新研究进展.首先,简要介绍了光催化的机理和研究进展,总结了光催化技术在废水处理过程中存在的问题.然后,简要介绍了光催化耦合技术在解决上述问题过程中的研究进展和发展趋势.其后,通过重点介绍一些典型研究,详细地阐述了光催化技术与传统水处理技术(吸附法、膜分离法、生物降解法)、高级氧化技术(电催化法、臭氧化法、Fenton法、过硫酸盐法)和其他技术(热催化法、等离子体法、超声波法、压电催化法、磁场法)的耦合机...     

二氧化氯催化氧化难降解有机废水在我国的研究进展

难降解有机废水的处理对环境保护有十分重要的意义.在本文中,对用二氧化氯催化氧化技术在不同领域中难降解有机废水的处理和其催化氧化反应机理在我国的研究进展进行了介绍和评述,也指出了该技术未来的发展前景和进一步的研究方向.     

微生物降解酚类污染物的研究进展

从降解酚类微生物筛选、影响酚类降解的因素、降解机制和降解动力学等方面综述了微生物降解酚类污染物的研究进展。微生物降解苯酚的代谢途径主要为厌氧途径和好氧途径。好氧条件下,苯酚首先被氧化成邻苯二酚中间态,然后在邻位或者间位发生苯环裂解反应。厌氧条件下,苯酚首先被微生物羧基化,然后发生脱羟基还原反应和开环裂解。微生物降解苯酚的霍尔丹方程模型的参数是多变的,所以微生物降解苯酚的动力学方程没有固定常数。     

垃圾渗沥液中难降解有机污染物的Fenton混凝处理

垃圾渗沥水;上流式厌氧污泥床;废水处理;垃圾渗沥液中难降解有机污染物的Fenton混凝处理     

环境净化中的微生物生态学

以活性污泥法为代表的生物处理技术一直是人类解决废水问题的主要手段,而微生物在环境污染物分解中更是发挥了无法替代的作用.长期以来,阐明环境净化中的微生物生态学过程,探讨污染物降解转化中微生物的作用机制,是环境科学与工程领域关注的热点问题之一.近年来迅速发展起来的分子生物学技术为人们认识人工系统以及自然环境中微生物的群落结构、功能和微生物之间的相互作用,以及构筑更加高效的生物处理系统、强化污染环境的修复能力提供了有力手段.本文在介绍了常用分子生物学方法的基础上,阐述了在废水处理及污染物降解方面微生物生态学的研究进展.     

Iron-based nanoparticles in wastewater treatment: A review on synthesis methods,applications, and removal mechanisms

Nanomaterial is an emerging material with potential technological impacts in various applications. It imposes great opportunities in various disciplines including wastewater remediation. Industrial wastewater is generated with anthropogenic activities and is the most environmental threat that needs remediation to overcome the environmental damages, thereby reducing human risks. Currently, several wastewater treatment techniques are applied and the utilization of nanomaterials for pollutant removal is an emerging technology. This is evident that the publication trends in the field of iron-based wastewater have been drastically increased. In this work, the overview of the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles, such as different polymorphs of iron-oxides, oxyhydroxides, iron hydroxide, and zero-valent iron nanoparticles are reviewed. In addition to the detailed discussion on the preparation of iron-based nanoparticles, their application on waste water treatment, removal mechanisms, advantages, and limitations are also assessed and discussed. Moreover, the iron-based nanoparticles' removal efficiency for specific pollutants and perspective in environmental remediation are also analyzed. Additionally, the advancements and future perspectives of iron-based nanoparticles are highlighted.     

Trichloroethylene Dechlorination by Copper-contained Zero-valent Iron Slurry

Zero valent iron technology has been widely used for treating contaminated wastewater these years. However, it always results in inefficiency in the processes of drying and storage due to oxidation and passivation. This could be avoided by in situ synthesized zero valent iron slurry in an emergency if it possesses the same performance as zero valent iron. In this study, iron slurry was synthesized and directly used for dechlorinating trichloroe- thylene to measure its degradation efficiencies and properties. Results show that 2%（mass ratio） copper-contained zero-valent iron slurry exhibits the optimal performance compared with the other iron slurries. Batch experiments in- dicate that factors such as the concentration of trichloroethylene, pH, dissolved oxygen and equilibrium to a certain extent affect the reduction oftrichloroethylene by 2%（mass ratio） copper-contained zero-valent iron slurry. Persistent, high-efficiency degradation performance could last 7 cycles. These demonstrate that the application of coppercontained zero-valent iron slurry in treating trichloroethylene-contained wastewater is realistic.     

微生物燃料电池生物阴极

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells, MFCs)利用微生物处理废水的同时产电,是一种清洁可再生能源技术。近年来新兴起的生物阴极是指阴极室中的功能微生物附着在电极表面形成生物膜,电子由电极传递给微生物并发生相应的生物电化学反应;是微生物燃料电池研究的一个重要方向。本文根据厌氧、好氧操作体系的不同将生物阴极进行分类;归纳总结了微生物组成、电极和分隔材料的研究进展,探讨了生物阴极在去除污染物和生成高附加值产品中的实际应用,并提出了其将来发展的可能方向。     

Application of BaTiO3-based catalysts for piezocatalytic,photocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection in wastewater: A comprehensive review

The coupling of piezocatalysis and photocatalysis known as piezo-photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention as one of the most effective advanced oxidation process (AOPs) for wastewater treatment, especially for the degradation of organic pollutants and disinfection of microbes. To advance this technology, there’s a need to develop lead free piezoelectric materials to drive both piezocatalytic and photocatalytic process to prevent secondary pollution due to lead toxicity. Hence, barium titanate (BaTiO₃) has been widely used as lead free piezoelectric material for several applications including water splitting, bacterial disinfection, and wastewater treatment due to its exceptional optical and piezoelectric properties. This work presents a comprehensive review on the application of BaTiO₃ as a promising lead-free piezo-photocatalyst for the catalytic degradation of organic pollutants and bacterial disinfection from aqueous solution. This review article details the optical and piezoelectric properties, modification strategies, and synthetic methods of BaTiO₃. Furthermore, the application of BaTiO₃ as a preferred piezo-photocatalyst for wastewater treatment and a future perspective is presented.     

Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles

The iron nanoparticle technology has received considerable attention for its potential applications in groundwater treatment and site remediation. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for the transformation of halogenated organic contaminants and heavy metals. In this work, we present a systematic characterization of the iron nanoparticles prepared with the method of ferric iron reduction by sodium borohydride. Particle size, size distribution and surface composition were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and acoustic/electroacoustic spectrometry. BET surface area, zeta (ζ) potential, iso-electric point (IEP), solution Eh and pH were also measured. Methods and results presented may foster better understanding, facilitate information exchange, and contribute to further research and development of iron nanoparticles for environmental and other applications.     

壳聚糖稳定纳米铁的制备及其对地表水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能

以可生物降解材料壳聚糖为稳定剂, 制备了平均粒径为 82.4 nm的纳米零价铁颗粒. 热重分析表明, 经壳聚糖改性后, 纳米铁在340 ℃以下具有很好的热稳定性. 批试验结果表明, 壳聚糖稳定纳米铁对水体中Cr(Ⅵ)有很强的去除能力, 在空气中放置60 d后, 壳聚糖稳定纳米铁仍具有较高的活性. 壳聚糖分子中的氨基和羟基可与Fe(Ⅲ)形成稳定的螯合物, 阻止Cr(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅲ)共沉淀的形成, 从而促进零价铁的腐蚀和Cr(Ⅵ)的还原去除.     

Phytoremediation of industrial effluent containing azo dye by model up-flow constructed wetland

This study assessed the treatment of azo dye Acid Orange 7(AO7)containing wastewater by laboratory-scale up-flow constructed wetland(UFCW)with and without supplementary aeration.The supplementary aeration could effectively control the ratio of anaerobic and aerobic zones in the UFCW reactor.The results dearly show the supplementary aeration boosted the biodegradation of organic pollutants and mineralization of intermediate aromatic amines formed by AO7 degradation.     

6-氨基青霉烷酸生产废水厌氧和深度处理实验研究

针对6-氨基青霉烷酸生产废水高污染物浓度,高硫酸根,难降解物质多的特点对废水经过硫酸根预处理,稀释3倍和6倍后,废水对厌氧污泥没有急毒性,厌氧污泥可以逐步适应废水环境。经过厌氧处理以及后续的Fenton深度处理,高浓度的6-氨基青霉烷酸生产废水COD_cr可由45450 mg/L 降到255 mg/L。出水COD_cr可达到污水三级排放标准。     

Visible light–driven photoelectrocatalytic semiconductor heterojunction anodes for water treatment applications

Research interest in photoelectrocatalysis or photoelectrochemical oxidation processes for water treatment is on the increase. This is because this method has the ability to abate a wide range of recalcitrant organic pollutants from wastewater. The application of visible or solar light, which has the potential to reduce cost, increase safety, and increase sustainability, is a recent direction in this novel electrochemical technology for water treatment. This review focuses on the use of semiconductor heterojunctions as a way of tuning the photoanode towards visible light activation. The classifications, preparations and various applications of semiconductor heterojunction for the removal of organic pollutants from water in the past two years are presented with concluding remarks and future perspective.     

生物炭负载纳米零价铁的制备及其在环境修复中的研究进展[1]

纳米零价铁（nZVI）作为一种高效还原性修复材料被广泛应用于多种污染物的去除,但易团聚、易被氧化失活的缺陷使其应用受到局限。近年来,研究者们通过将nZVI负载在多孔生物炭（BC）上来改善其本身缺陷,以期提高其应用潜力。本文综述了近年来nZVI/BC的制备方法及优缺点,总结分析了nZVI/BC对水体、土壤和沉积物中多种有机和无机污染物的去除效果和机理。同时综述了不同老化方法对nZVI/BC稳定性和反应活性的影响。在此基础上,在改进nZVI/BC制备技术、应用范围的拓展、潜在的生态和健康风险、探索老化过程和老化机制等方面进行了展望,旨在为nZVI/BC的理论研究和工程实践提供借鉴和参考。