共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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有机磷神经毒剂是一类具有极大杀伤力的化学毒剂,这类有机磷酸盐通过破坏人体内的神经递质乙酰胆碱酯酶麻痹人的中枢神经,很小的剂量就可致人死亡,因此对有机磷神经毒剂进行快速简便地检测具有重要意义。荧光化学传感具有灵敏度高、选择性好和响应时间短等优点,近些年来应用荧光传感方法对有机磷神经毒剂及其模拟物的检测越来越受到研究人员的关注。本篇综述对荧光传感的原理做了简要介绍,综述了近年来国内外研究者开发的各种用于有机磷神经毒剂及其模拟物检测的荧光新材料与新方法,并对荧光传感方法应用于有机磷神经毒剂检测的未来进行了展望。 相似文献
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沙林酸印迹聚邻苯二胺纳米膜制备及结构表征 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用电化学聚合法合成了对有机磷毒剂沙林具有特异识别的聚邻苯二胺(PPD)分子印迹纳米膜(iPPD).利用石英晶体微天平(QCM)证实了印迹效应的存在,并用循环伏安法(CV)、AFM、XPS进行了系统的结构表征.结果表明,分子印迹膜的膜厚约20 nm,膜的表面呈“石林”状,疏松多孔,具有良好的吸附性能.分子印迹主要影响聚合物的三维排列,而聚合物的化学组成没有发生改变.该种分子印迹纳米膜在选择性检测军用毒剂沙林中具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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Mass spectrometry for the detection of bioterrorism agents: from environmental to clinical applications 下载免费PDF全文
In the current context of international conflicts and localized terrorist actions, there is unfortunately a permanent threat of attacks with unconventional warfare agents. Among these, biological agents such as toxins, microorganisms, and viruses deserve particular attention owing to their ease of production and dissemination. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based techniques for the detection and quantification of biological agents have a decisive role to play for countermeasures in a scenario of biological attacks. The application of MS to every field of both organic and macromolecular species has in recent years been revolutionized by the development of soft ionization techniques (MALDI and ESI), and by the continuous development of MS technologies (high resolution, accurate mass HR/AM instruments, novel analyzers, hybrid configurations). New possibilities have emerged for exquisite specific and sensitive detection of biological warfare agents. MS‐based strategies for clinical application can now address a wide range of analytical questions mainly including issues related to the complexity of biological samples and their available volume. Multiplexed toxin detection, discovery of new markers through omics approaches, and identification of untargeted microbiological or of novel molecular targets are examples of applications. In this paper, we will present these technological advances along with the novel perspectives offered by omics approaches to clinical detection and follow‐up. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Weapons of Mass Destruction. A Review 下载免费PDF全文
Virendra V. Singh 《Electroanalysis》2016,28(5):920-935
The detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) has become a worldwide security concern in light of the many recent international threats utilizing nerve agents. Among a variety of detection methods that have been developed for CWA, electrochemical sensors offer the unrivaled merits of high sensitivity, specificity and operational simplicity. Recent insights into novel fabrication methodologies and electrochemical techniques have resulted in the demonstration of electrochemical sensors able to address many of the limitations of conventional methodologies. This article reviews recent advances and developments in the field of electrochemical biosensors based detection of nerve agent and their utility for decentralized threat detection. With continued innovations and attention to key challenges, it is expected that electrochemical sensors will play a pivotal role in the CWA detection scenario. This review concludes with the implications of the electrochemical sensing platforms along with future prospects and challenges. 相似文献
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《Electroanalysis》2003,15(3):157-167
This review discusses current development in electrochemical biosensors for detection of biological warfare agents. This could include bacteria, viruses and toxins that are aerosoled deliberately in air, food or water to spread terrorism and cause disease or death to humans, animals or plants. The rapid and unequivocal detection and identification of biological warfare agents is a major challenge for any government including military, health and other government agents. Reliable, specific characterization and identification of the microorganism from sampling location, either air, water, soil or others is required. This review will survey different types of electrochemical biosensors has been developed based on the following: i) Immunosensors ii) PCR (DNA base Sensor) iii) Bacteria or whole cell sensor and iv) Enzyme sensor. This article gives an overview of electrochemical biosensor for detection of biological warfare agents. Electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of sensitivity, selectivity, to operate in turbid media, and amenable to miniaturization. Recent developments in immunofiltration, flow injection, and flow‐through electrochemical biosensors for bacteria, viruses, and toxin detection are reviewed. The current research and development in biosensors for biological warfare agents detection is of interest to the public as well as to the defense is also discussed. 相似文献
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Fluorescent molecular probes for the detection of chemical warfare agents and their mimics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Owing to their direct toxic effects on human beings, animals, and plants, chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their mimics
have become widespread in chemical warfare and agriculture. The considerable concerns about their entry into biological systems
and the residues in environment stimulate the development of rapid and sensitive methods for the detection and analysis of
this family of compounds. In the progress of sensitive, selective, and fast responsive detection, fluorescent molecular probes
have been widely used in the detection of CWAs in recent years. Here the recent reports on the design of fluorescent molecular
probes and their advantages in the detection of CWAs were reviewed. Furthermore, the extensive interests accelerate the development
of novel fluorescent molecular probes and detection techniques in this field. 相似文献
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Chromatographic analysis of chemical warfare agents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The usefulness and applications of the particular types of chromatography in the analysis of chemical warfare agents have been reviewed. A major problem in the chromatographic analysis of chemical warfare agents is the collection and preparation of the samples. The importance of this problem differs for the various types of chromatography. Significant differences occur in the way in which samples are collected from air, water, soil, vegetables or animal organisms. The analyses are characterized by the main groups of chemical warfare agents, e.g., organophosphorus, vesicants, irritants, etc. Account has been taken of the relationships between their properties and the possibilities of their chromatographic analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of particular types of chromatography in the analysis of the particular groups and individual agents have been considered. The detectability of particular chemical warfare agents has been assessed, together with the separating efficiency for their mixtures. Examples of applications of chromatographic systems and conditions of chromatographing are summarized in tables. It is concluded that chromatography is a very useful tool in the analysis of chemical warfare agents; GC and TLC have the most advantageous properties, HPLC being slightly inferior. 相似文献
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The review focuses on the analysis of small phosphorus-containing compounds by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with different detection modes including UV absorption, laser-induced fluorescence, conductometry, amperometry, atomic spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. Determinations of phosphates, organophosphate, and chemical warfare agents in environmental samples such as water, soil and grains are emphasized. To achieve better sensitivity, high-resolving power, and reproducibility, the optimum separation conditions for various analytes (samples) are different. We compare the merits and demerits of the different detection modes for the detection of the analytes. Although the present methods are successful in many cases, there is still a need to develop high-throughput CE techniques for screening numerous environmental samples and sample stacking techniques in CE for the analysis of trace analytes. 相似文献
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There is a growing need for technological advancements to combat agents of chemical and biological warfare, particularly in the context of the deliberate use of a chemical and/or biological warfare agent by a terrorist organization. In this tutorial review, we describe methods that have been developed both for the specific detection of biological and chemical warfare agents in a field setting, as well as potential therapeutic approaches for treating exposure to these toxic species. In particular, nerve agents are described as a typical chemical warfare agent, and the two potent biothreat agents, anthrax and botulinum neurotoxin, are used as illustrative examples of potent weapons for which countermeasures are urgently needed. 相似文献