A Millimeter Wave Phase Locked and Frequency Multiplying Source

A millimeter wave phase locked and frequency multiplying source is proposed in this paper. The design includes an X-band phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer as the base frequency source, and a monolithic millimeter wave frequency tripler, which is developed by using OMMIC 0.18μm pHEMT process. The PLL and the tripler are integrated in a single circuit board to make a low-cost and compact frequency source with the size of 6cm × 5cm. Measurement shows an output power of more than 4.8dBm at the frequency range from 35 to 36.7GHz. A phase noise of about -92dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset is achieved.     

Phase Noise in Millimeter Wave Phase-Locked Loop with Mixer

In order to estimate the phase noise of millimetre wave (MMW) phase-locked oscillator (PLO), the phase noise relation of signals in MMW phase-locked loop (PLL) with frequency conversion is analyzed. The signals include output of MMW PLO, intermediate frequency (IF) output of harmonic mixer and output of microwave oscillator serving as local oscillator (LO). A method to estimate the phase noise of MMW PLO is presented, which is based on the phase noise of LO and IF. At the same time, a W-band PLO is achieved, and the phase noise values of the three signals are measured. It is shown that the experimental result is well coincident with the analysis of phase noise relation.     

Frequency Sources in W-band Radar Front-end with Low Phase Noise

A W-band coherent stepped-frequency pulsed radar front-end is developed. It consists of a millimetre wave transmitting source, a mm-wave local source, a DDS with multi frequency points output and two microwave sources serving as local oscillators. All the sources are coherent with the 120 MHz referenced crystal oscillator. The mm-wave sources are realized by frequency multiplier chain, up-conversion and injection locking. The phase noise of fundamental-wave injection-locked W-band harmonic Gunn oscillator output signal achieves −98 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and the spurious output is less than −50 dBc. The received intermediate frequency signal is also presented.     

An Approach of Developing High Performance Millimeter-wave Frequency Synthesizer

In this paper, an approach of developing high performance millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer is proposed, which is significantly simpler than the conventional cases. The synthesizer is driven by one triple tuned typed synthesizer, which adjusts the output frequency of DDS and frequency division ratios of variable frequency divider to suppress the spurious level. With the proposed method, a microwave phase locked loop (PLL) PE3236 and a millimeter-wave multiplier HMC283 are also used. Moreover, the PLL is implemented with the form of charge pump followed by a passive three-order low-pass filter which can further suppress the phase noise. Finally, a low spurious level and high frequency resolution millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer without degradation of frequency switching speed is developed. Experimental results show that this method can achieve the performances of low spurious level, low phase noise, and high frequency resolution.     

实用高温超导混频器3mm锁相稳频源

基于小型脉冲管制冷机,设计并改善了与其配套的锁相混频系统,用约瑟夫森颗粒边界结实现了高温超导3mm波段96次谐波混频,完成了60次谐波下压控振荡器的锁相稳频实验.首次实现了基于小型脉冲管制冷机的实用高温超导混频器3mm锁相稳频源.     

用于铯芯片级原子钟的4.596 GHz射频源研制

芯片级原子钟主要包括射频模块、物理封装模块以及其他的外围控制模块。射频模块的设计关系到芯片级原子钟的短期稳定度,所以射频模块在芯片级原子钟的设计时是非常重要的一部分。本文利用数字锁相环技术实现频率为4.596 GHz的射频源,射频源由三部分组成,包括小数分频频率综合器、压控振荡器和环路滤波器。数字锁相环具有相位噪声低,频谱稳定度高等特点。此外,由于小数分频频率综合器是可编程的,可以通过配置N分频器与R分频器实现输出频率的快速扫描。与此同时,根据相关公式,可以计算出三阶无源环路滤波器的近似参数值,所设计的环路滤波器具有300 kHz的环路带宽以及55的相位裕度。最后,整个基于数字锁相环技术实现的射频源通过仿真、硬件实现以及测试。测试结果显示,射频源的相位噪声为-74.02 dBc/Hz@300 Hz,符合芯片级原子钟射频源的设计要求。     

Frequency synthesizers up to 370 GHz

A new generation of frequency synthesizers up to 370 GHz is described. The main parts of them are microwave frequency synthesizer covering 11–15 GHz band, effective frequency multipliers-mixers using an opposite pair of planar Shottky diodes and a lock-in loop of a backward-wave oscillator tube covering millimeter and longer part of submillimeter wave bands with tens of milliwatts of output power. The ways of further increase in the operating frequency of such synthesizers are discussed.     

A W-band Frequency Source with Low Spurs and Low Phase Noise

A W-band millimeter wave frequency source is developed by frequency multiplier chain and injection locking. The referenced crystal oscillator (CO) signal 120 MHz is multiplied 400 times to output 48 GHz signal. Then, it is used as a referenced source of fundamental-wave injection-locked harmonic Gunn oscillator with output power more than 10 mW at 96 GHz and spurious output less than −65 dBc. The measured phase noise is −97 and −105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 200 kHz offset, respectively. At last, the influence of the flicker noise, provided by the frequency multipliers and amplifiers, is analyzed.     

夹心式压电换能器的谐振频率跟踪方案设计

分析了夹心式压电换能器的阻抗特性,讨论了基于相位方式的现有跟踪方案的不足,提出了一种新的频率跟踪方案,介绍了实现该方案的电路系统。该方案的特点是:采用先扫频后跟踪的策略,解决了频率范围设定难的问题;增加解锁控制,使得系统在死锁或误跟踪时自动回到频率搜索状态;采用直接数字合成器(DDS)作为频率调整和信号产生的器件,实现了全数字系统,调整方便,精度高;采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)做相位比较和DDS控制,使频率跟踪速度快,并且跟踪精度和速度均可控制。     

HL-2A 装置上的快扫Q 波段微波反射系统研制

介绍了在HL-2A 装置上发展的一套快速扫频的Q 波段外差微波反射系统,用于高时空分辨测量等离子体边缘到约束区的电子密度分布。该系统采用外差式连续波扫频调制技术(VCO),由外部任意波电压控制,工作频率为33~50GHz,全波段扫频周期达到6μs。在台面标定中发展了VCO 源的动态标定技术,并解决了微波源及器件的非线性响应、波导的色散特性等因素造成差频频率动态范围过大的问题,使反射面固定时系统输出的差频为定频信号,有利于降低噪声干扰和数据处理。同时发展了直接相位处理技术,实现快速的电子密度分布反演。实验中用该微波反射系统测得了L 模、H 模等不同等离子体放电条件下的电子密度分布,观测ELM 爆发前后台基区的形成与垮塌过程。