WO3基电致变色器件的制备及性能研究

本文采用真空热蒸发法,在ITO基底上制备WO3薄膜,之后在空气气氛中对其进行了400℃,1 h的退火处理.SEM测试结果表明,退火后的WO3薄膜变得更为致密平整.将退火后的WO3薄膜,及通过溶胶凝胶法制得的TiO2-CeO2对电极薄膜和PC-PEO-LiClO4凝胶态电解质封装得到电致变色器件,以探索该退火处理对WO3薄膜电致变色性能的影响.结果表明,该WO3基电致变色器件在632.8 nm处的光学调制幅度达56.8;,记忆时间超过24 h,且具有良好的循环稳定性.本研究表明WO3薄膜的后期退火处理对制备高性能WO3基电致变色器件具有重要的意义.     

纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜的制备及应用进展

WO3/TiO2复合薄膜具有许多特性,是一种优良的光电功能薄膜材料.利用先进的制膜技术获得性能优异的纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜,对提高光电器件的性能及应用具有重要意义.本文着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、电沉积法和磁控溅射法制备纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜.总结了纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜在电致变色智能窗、光催化技术、湿度传感器上的应用.最后,针对纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜现状提出了未来发展趋势.     

全薄膜电致变色元件的制备及其光学性能研究

采用磁控溅射法在单层玻璃基片上制备了由多层薄膜构成的电致变色元件,通过XRD、SEM等对薄膜及元件的晶体结构、表面形貌等进行了表征分析.采用可见光透射谱,研究了元件的电致变色性能.结果表明,较低的基片温度和较大的靶基距是采用磁控溅射制备电致变色元件的两个很重要的因素.所制备的全薄膜电致变色元件在处于漂白态和着色态时,对可见光的透过率分别达到了47.19;和15.67;,对光的透射率调节范围为31.52;.该全薄膜电致变色元件在电致变色智能窗领域具有较大的应用潜力.     

WO3薄膜的电致变色与响应时间机理研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法制备了纳米WO3薄膜,研究了溅射气压对WO3薄膜的表面形貌和微结构的影响.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对WO3的微结构进行了表征.采用紫外-可见分光光度计和循环伏安测试系统对样品的电致变色及响应时间性能进行了研究.结果表明,纳米WO3薄膜的微孔结构特征具有较大的比表面积,有利于改善其电致变色性能.当溅射气压为4Pa时,WO3薄膜在可见光区的电致变色平均调色范围达到了71.6;,并且其着色响应时间为5 s,漂白响应时间为16 s.     

纳米结构WO3薄膜气致变色特性研究进展及应用

三氧化钨(WO3)薄膜具有许多特性,是一种优良的致色材料.纳米结构WO3薄膜的着色效率高、可逆性好、响应时间短、光学调制高.综述纳米结构WO3薄膜的化学沉积法和物理沉积法.化学沉积法可制备出多孔、片状和特殊形貌纳米结构WO3薄膜.掠射角磁控溅射作为一种物理沉积方法,能够可控制备纳米柱状结构WO3薄膜.其次,介绍WO3薄膜的气致变色特性在气体传感器和智能窗等领域的应用.最后,对纳米结构WO3薄膜气致变色特性改善提出展望,并指出其目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势.     

银纳米线基透明电极的预处理优化及其在柔性电致变色器件中的应用

利用简单的离心抽滤处理,预先分离除去水热产物中具有较低长径比的纳米线及小尺寸颗粒,提高较高长径比银纳米线的产率.基于此高长径比银纳米线,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基底表面构建银纳米线/聚乙烯醇复合透明电极,并创新性地将此复合电极取代ITO电极,应用于WO3基柔性电致变色器件中,实现了器件图案化的循环变色,同时对器件的性能进行表征与分析.结果表明,电致变色器件的着色时间为16 s,褪色时间为9 s,且具有良好的氧化还原可逆性.此研究对金属纳米线基透明电极在诸多光电器件中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

TiO2-CeO2对电极材料的制备及其应用

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2-CeO2复合薄膜以期用于电致变色器件作对电极.通过调节Ti与Ce的原子摩尔配比对成膜的质量进行了研究.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV)、循环伏安法对制得的复合薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及循环特性进行了表征.结果表明,当Ti与Ce的原子摩尔比为1:1时,制得的复合薄膜表面平整、致密,呈非晶态结构;在离子注入-抽出过程中,薄膜具有较快的电化学响应和较高的电荷容量.将该复合薄膜用于全固态电致变色器件中作对电极,当负载电压为3.4 V时,器件在632.8 nm波长处的色调范围达到56.8;,获得了良好的变色性能.     

Ce3+掺杂TiO2薄膜材料的制备改性及电致变色研究

以钛酸四丁酯和冰乙酸为原料,加定量的Ce(NO3)3引入Ce3,采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉镀膜法在ITO导电玻璃上制备Ce3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜.通过XRD、TG-DTA、SEM等手段对Ce3+掺杂TiO2粉末进行表征,使用电化学工作站对薄膜的电致变色性能进行测试,通过紫外-可见光分度计对薄膜进行检测.结果表明:掺杂Ce3+的浓度为2;,对薄膜的电致变色性能有较大的提高;掺杂越均匀,对薄膜的电致变色性能的影响越显著.     

拓扑结构优化晶体网络实现WO3电致变色性能的提升

利用水热合成法,根据晶体生长特性,分别改变水热反应液中HCl和草酸的浓度,在旋涂有WO3种子层颗粒的FTO导电玻璃上,生长多尺度WO3晶体网络结构,即微米花1、微米花2以及微米海胆.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析表征样品形貌特征以及晶体结构.最后利用电化学工作站表征WO3的电致变色性能.结果表明,在四种结构中微米海胆由于其有序的针状结构,有利于电解液离子在其中通透,使得离子能够在电场作用下,在纳米针之间较小的运输阻力和路径下定向脱嵌,导致更高的颜色对比度和更好的电致变色性能.     

基片温度对电子束蒸发沉积碳化硼薄膜性能的影响

在不同基片温度下,采用电子束蒸发法在Si(100)衬底上制备了碳化硼薄膜,研究了基片温度对薄膜性能的影响。采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了薄膜成分,薄膜的表面形貌用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征,采用台阶仪和椭偏测厚仪测量了薄膜厚度和折射率。结果表明基片温度对薄膜成分影响不大;随着基片温度的升高,薄膜表面粗糙度逐渐增大,均方根粗糙度由0.394 nm增至0.504 nm;而沉积速率先增大后减小,在300℃时达到最大值7.47 nm/min;其折射率由2.06渐增至2.41,表明薄膜致密性逐渐提高。     

Science for the small and the tall,the young and the old

Public engagement becomes increasingly important for scientists. One reason is the demand of the taxpayer to know what her or his money is being spent on, and why. The other one is that in a world that increasingly relies on technology, student engagement even at a very young age becomes a target to assure the needed supply of well-educated and especially motivated scientists for the decades to come. And it falls on the older generation of current researchers to leave the comfort of their lab once in a while, to awaken the interest for science among the population. Many people may know that there is a ‘liquid crystal’ in their mobile (cell) phone display, but when prompted, no one really knows what that liquid crystal actually is, let alone how the display they use many times every day, actually works in principle. It is part of our job to change this. In this contribution Valentina Domenici and Ingo Dierking would like to report on two recent Science Festival events in which they took part, one held in Genoa, Italy, and the other in Manchester, UK.     

On the role of the porous shell of the solid core of the earth in the anomalous heat and mass flow to the mantle

The model of the pressure-induced first-order phase transition of a metal melt to the metallicglass state considers a thermodynamically nonequilibrium porous near-surface shell of the solid core of the Earth, which contacts cyclonic vortices in the liquid core. Anomalous flows of heat and light-material mass to the mantle from the solid core at these contact points are calculated. These anomalous flows are shown to be comparable with the observed ones under the assumption of a rapid increase in the melt viscosity at pressures of 1–10 Mbar, which is characteristic of a solid core. In this case, the porous layer permeability may be very low.     

On the inhomogeneity of the transition surface layer of the solid core of the earth

Different geophysical data and conclusions of theoretical models, which can give information about the behavior of the solid and liquid cores of the Earth as well as about the existence of a transition layer as a temperature-hysteresis region at a relatively weak first-order phase transition, are compared. It is concluded that liquid inclusions inevitably exist in this region; these inclusions are involved (due to the complex convective processes occurring in the liquid core) in the transport of light materials from some areas of the solid-core surface. The porosity and permeability of the transition layer determine the seismic acoustic inhomogeneities in these areas, which contact the convective flows in the liquid core. In particular, this explains the well-known ??east-west?? effect. Obviously, the model of the crystalline core is not the only possible alternative for a model of a core with a metallic glasslike structure.     

On the dependence of the surface tension at the crystal-melt interface on the impurity concentration

The stationary task of impurity diffusion in a melt has been solved within a two-dimensional crystallization model in a second-order approximation with respect to the amplitude of deviation from a smooth crystallization front. The dependence of the surface tension Γ at the interface on the impurity concentration C is taken into account in the form Γ = Γ₀ + ζ _d C, where Γ₀ and ζ _d are constants. The variational method is used to obtain the condition for the transition from a smooth crystallization front to a cellular one. It is shown that calculated cell sizes are in agreement with the experimental data in the literature only when the parameter ζ _d ≠ 0. For binary systems with distribution coefficients k < 1 and k > 1, ζ _d should be positive and negative, respectively.

     

On the entropy difference between the vitreous and the crystalline state

The paper deals with the entropy difference between frozen-in phases and their equilibrium counterparts. First, the nature of data compiled in thermochemical data collections are briefly reviewed, comprising data for non-equilibrium phases. Then, experimental evidence from earlier literature is compiled showing that the conventional entropy of a frozen-in phase at zero Kelvin assumes a non-zero residual value S(0). Based on calorimetric data from multiple sources, the same evidence is elaborated for diopside glass, yielding S_glass(0) = 24.8 ± 3 J/(mol K), a value reproducing a result publishes earlier. The zero Kelvin enthalpy of this glass is H_glass(0) = 81±8 kJ/mol. For S_glass(0), a structural interpretation in terms of silicate chain mixing is proposed, yielding a lower threshold for S_glass(0). From the point of view of statistical mechanics, non-zero residual entropies of frozen-in phases can be derived from ensemble averages, however, not from time averages.     

On the Influence of the Crystallization Conditions on the Microstructure of the Directionally Solidified Eutectic of the LiF – LiYF4 System

This paper particularly deals with the transitions in degree and type of ordering of a given microstructure. As a model system the eutectic of the LiF – LiYF₄ system was used for studies of transitions from ‘anomal’ microtextures with non-cooperative production of seeds of both phases to the fibrous microtexture. It was shown that even if the matrix phase LiYF₄ contains a relative high volume ratio (36%) of LiF it is possible to create highly ordered fibrous microtextures with pronounced hexagonal ordering of particular LiF fibres. It was also shown that methods of image processing could be used for sensitive evaluation of small changes in degree of ordering of the microstructure. These procedures make possible a deeper understanding of the influence of the solidification conditions on the microstructure of the directionally solidified eutectic and creates possibilities for optimalisation of the technological process.     

二价阳离子掺入KDP晶体能力的研究

本文旨在寻找影响杂质阳离子进入KDP晶体能力的因素,我们使用分析纯的KH2PO4和超纯水(电阻率≥18.2MΩ·cm)为原料,分别加入BaCl2·2H2O,CuCl2·2H2O和MgCl2·6H2O,通过降温方式快速生长出KDP晶体.结果表明,cu2+及Mg2+在晶体中的含量基本保持不变,不随其在生长溶液中量的增大而增大,cu2+在晶体中的含量大于Mg2+在晶体中的含量;不同的是,Ba2+在晶体中的含量随着其在生长溶液中量增大而增大.从实验结果我们推断出离子半径和离子水合热是影响二价杂质阳离子在水溶液晶体生长过程中进入KDP晶体能力的重要因素.     

Investigations of the Chemical Composition of the Metal Finds from the Levadki Necropolis

Crystallography Reports - Copper-based alloy items of the III century A.D., found in Burial no. 182 of the Late-Scythian Levadki necropolis in the submountain Crimea, have been investigated. The...     

Analysis of the Dynamics of the Controlled Crystallization Process Using the Czochralski Method

A mathematical model proposed for the Czochralski method has been employed to analyse the stability, to calculate the transitional characteristics of open and closed systems for the case that the PID control is used in the feedback circuit. The method to control the crystallization process by weighing the crystal is analysed in detail. Based on the proposed criterion of quality of the transitional process, an optimum adjustment of the controller for one- and two-channel control is performed.