中国小型猪心肌梗死模型的比较蛋白质组学研究

利用二维电泳(2DE)分离中国小型猪心肌梗死模型的正常与梗死心肌组织的蛋白提取液, 采用 PDQuest 软件对比分析了两种心肌组织在pH=5─8范围内的2DE谱图. 正常心肌组织检出851个蛋白点, 梗死组织检出1 032个蛋白点. 发现13个蛋白质点只在小型猪的正常心肌组织中表达, 而有14个蛋白质点只在梗死心肌组织中表达. 另外, 还有49个蛋白点在两种组织中表达量上有显著性变化(P<0.05), 选择进行质谱分析其中11个蛋白点, 成功地鉴定出7种蛋白, 蛋白功能分析结果表明, 这些蛋白的差异表达与心肌梗死过程相关.     

维拉帕米作用下急性心梗大鼠比较蛋白质组学研究

以急性心梗大鼠为研究对象, 应用双向凝胶电泳法(2-DE)分析比较了维拉帕米作用下急性心梗大鼠心肌蛋白表达的差异, 从蛋白质水平探讨了维拉帕米心肌保护作用的发生机制. 结果表明, 与假手术组及模型组相比, 维拉帕米给药组心肌组织中有8个蛋白点表达显著上调, 7个蛋白点表达显著下调. 采用质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)分析结合数据库检索, 共鉴定了其中的15种蛋白质, 可按功能分为如下4类: (1) 能量代谢及线粒体功能相关蛋白; (2) 氧化应激相关蛋白; (3) 细胞骨架蛋白; (4) 其它蛋白. 研究结果表明, 维拉帕米的心肌保护作用与恢复心肌损伤过程中的能量供应及对抗氧化应激等作用有关.     

双向电泳-串联飞行时间质谱对急性脊髓损伤大鼠差异蛋白质的分离鉴定

为研究急性脊髓损伤的病理和修复机制,建立了正常和急性脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓组织的双向电泳图谱,确认了16个变化3倍以上的差异蛋白斑点,其中在急性脊髓损伤组蛋白斑点表达上调的10个,表达下调的6个.利用基质辅助激光解析电离串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS)成功鉴定出16个差异蛋白质,其中,6个蛋白质是新鉴定的,2个蛋白为同一蛋白的不同修饰.除髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)和中相对分子质量神经丝蛋白(NF-M)已证实与脊髓损伤密切相关外,其它蛋白与脊髓损伤的关系有待研究.     

快速老化模型小鼠血清蛋白质组学分析比较

以6月及12月龄SAMP 8及同龄SAMR 1为研究对象, 应用双向凝胶电泳法, 分析比较了快速老化模型小鼠(Senescence accelerated mice, SAM)的快速老化亚系SAMP 8及抗快速老化亚系SAMR 1血清蛋白表达的差异. 与同龄SAMR 1比较, 6月龄SAMP 8血清中有15个蛋白点表达显著上调, 3个蛋白点表达显著下调, 7个蛋白点只在SAMP 8中有表达; 12月龄SAMP 8血清中有9个蛋白点表达显著上调, 7个蛋白点表达显著下调, 12个蛋白点只在SAMP 8中有表达. 应用质谱进行肽质量指纹图谱分析和数据库检索共鉴定了19种蛋白质. 其中6个蛋白只在6月龄SAMP 8中表达, 4个蛋白只在12月龄SAMP 8中表达. 此外, 在6月龄及12月龄SAMP 8血清差异蛋白中, 存在9个共同的差异蛋白, 按照功能可分为4类: (1) 免疫相关蛋白; (2) 老化相关蛋白; (3) 糖代谢及神经元凋亡相关蛋白; (4) 其它蛋白. 上述研究结果显示, SAMP 8和SAMR 1血清蛋白表达存在明显差异, 其中一些差异蛋白可能是SAMP 8老化进程中相关病理生理变化的重要原因.     

缺氧预处理诱导心肌细胞蛋白质组变化的初步研究

缺氧预处理(hypoxia preconditioning, HPC)可模拟缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning, IPC)对缺血/再灌注心肌的保护作用, 涉及细胞内众多分子事件. 本工作旨在采用双向电泳和质谱分析等蛋白质组分析技术, 发现缺氧预处理后心肌细胞蛋白质整体表达上的变化, 初步分析其与缺氧预处理心肌保护作用的关系. 将原代培养的SD乳鼠心肌细胞分为2组(n＝6): (1)缺氧预处理组(HPC): 将细胞置缺氧仓内短暂缺氧20 min进行缺氧预处理(HPC), 制备心肌细胞蛋白提取物; (2)对照组(control): 细胞置于培养箱内持续常氧孵育至实验结束, 提取蛋白. 采用双向凝胶电泳和图像扫描, 经蛋白样本分离和考马斯亮蓝染色后比较分析, 选取3个差异表达蛋白点进行胶内酶切、肽质量指纹图谱分析和数据库检索. 双向电泳可分离约529±45个蛋白质, 点匹配率约为78%±7.5%. 18种蛋白质在HPC后发生明显表达差异, 其中12种蛋白质表达降低, 6种表达增高. 经质谱分析鉴定出的3种蛋白质分别为myosin light polypeptide 3, nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK)和calreticulin (CRT). 缺氧预处理引起心肌细胞蛋白质组变化, 初步发现其中myosin light polypeptide 3表达下调、nucleoside diphosphate kinase和calreticulin表达增加, 可能通过调节心肌细胞的收缩性、激活G蛋白、调节细胞内Ca^2＋浓度而保护心肌. 本工作通过研究缺氧预处理延迟保护过程中心肌内源性蛋白表达水平的变化, 有助于从细胞水平探讨预处理延迟保护机制.     

质谱法分析2型糖尿病大鼠神经视网膜差异表达蛋白

采用二维电泳(2DE)分离了正常SD大鼠和2型糖尿病模型大鼠神经视网膜组织总蛋白, 并用Image Master 5.0软件分析比较了正常组和糖尿病组2DE图像, 正常组检测到 3122±37(n=3)个蛋白质点; 糖尿病组检测到2702±21(n=3)个蛋白质点. 约150个蛋白质点的表达水平在两组之间存在明显差异(P<0.05). 在糖尿病组中表达上调的点68个, 下调的点82个. 选择20个差异表达蛋白质点进行肽质量指纹谱(PMF)或串联质谱鉴定, 其中7个蛋白已有报道与糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)相关, 10个蛋白尚未见有报道.     

拟南芥和甜菜夜蛾相互作用的差异蛋白分析

以甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)和模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thanliana)作为研究体系, 应用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2-DE)分析了在甜菜夜蛾取食诱导条件下拟南芥蛋白表达的差异, 从蛋白质水平揭示昆虫取食诱导条件下植物的化学防御机制. 结果发现, 在昆虫取食诱导条件下, 有28个蛋白发生显著变化, 其中17个蛋白点上调表达, 11个蛋白点下调表达. 利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对差异蛋白进行了鉴定, 结果发现转酮酶、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶、二氢硫辛酰胺脱氢酶和脂肪酸合成酶在植物诱导化学防御中具有重要的作用, 其中脂肪酸合成酶与茉莉酸代谢通路相关.     

蛋白质组学技术筛选与鉴定癫痫疾病的差异蛋白质

应用蛋白质组学双向凝胶电泳(Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2DE)和质谱技术, 定量分析和鉴定了癫痫组(n=3)和正常组(n=3)脑组织的差异表达蛋白, 以从蛋白质水平上揭示癫痫病的发机制. 结果表明, 凝胶图谱可辨识2500~3000个蛋白点, 对21个显著差异表达蛋白点进行质谱鉴定和SwissProt数据库检索, 得到17个癫痫差异蛋白, 其中2个蛋白在癫痫组织中表达上调, 15个蛋白表达下调. 部分蛋白与癫痫的关系属首次报道. 这些蛋白与癫痫的发生发展相关, 可能成为癫痫的分子标志物和药物治疗的靶向蛋白.     

正常组织和胰腺癌组织中差异表达蛋白的鉴定

采用双向凝胶电泳和生物质谱技术, 对12对胰腺癌组织和癌旁组织样品、3个胰腺良性疾病样品、3个正常胰腺组织样品的蛋白质进行了分离和鉴定, 获得了重复性较好的双向凝胶电泳图谱; 鉴定了胰腺癌和癌旁组织的差异表达蛋白质, 发现了30个差异表达蛋白质; 应用MALDI-TOF-MS/MS技术对差异表达蛋白质进行鉴定, 共有24个蛋白质得到鉴定, 其中15个蛋白质在胰腺癌组织中表达上调, 9个蛋白质表达下调. 这些蛋白质与胰腺癌的发生相关, 可能成为胰腺癌的分子标志物和药物治疗的靶蛋白.     

快速老化模型小鼠海马蛋白质组学初步研究

应用双向凝胶电泳结合质谱鉴定, 分析比较6月龄和12月龄快速老化模型小鼠(Senescence-accele-rated mouse, SAM)的快速老化亚系SAM-prone/8(SAMP8)及抗快速老化亚系SAM-resistance/1(SAMR1)海马蛋白表达的差异, 从蛋白质水平初步探讨与老化相关的学习记忆功能障碍的发生机制. 结果表明, 与同龄SAMR1比较, 6月龄SAMP8海马中有15个蛋白点表达显著上调, 5个蛋白点表达显著下调; 12月龄SAMP8海马中有12个蛋白点表达显著上调, 2个蛋白点表达显著下调, 2个蛋白点只在SAMP8中有表达. 应用质谱分析结合数据库检索, 共鉴定了22种蛋白质. 6月龄和12月龄SAMP8与SAMR1海马中表达有明显变化的蛋白按功能可分为如下4类: (1) 能量代谢相关蛋白; (2) 线粒体功能相关蛋白; (3) 信号转导相关蛋白; (4) 其它蛋白. 研究结果表明, SAMP8和SAMR1海马蛋白表达存在明显差异, 其中一些蛋白与SAMP8随龄出现的学习记忆功能减退相关, 并可能为研究或发现促智药物作用的新蛋白靶标提供线索.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.