Condensation of 5-aminobenzimidazoles with β-ketoester

In the present work, we report the condensation of 5-aminobenzimidazoles with β-ketoesters leading to some new imidazo-[4,5-f]-quinoline derivatives. Based on the open chain intermediates obtention, the structure of the obtained imidazo-[4,5-f]-quinoline product has been discussed.     

Condensation of polyfluorinated β-diimines with aromatic aldehydes

Polyfluorinated 2-arylpyrimidines were synthesized by the reaction of polyfluorinated -diimines with aromatic aldehydes.     

Studies on the Condensation of Highly Hindered α-Amino Methylphosphonates with β-Triphenylgermanyl Propionic Acid

Abstract

The condensation reaction of highly hindered α-amino methylphosphonates with β-tripbenylgermanyl propionic acid was studied. The two novel series 4–5 were designed and synthesized in good yields. Preliminary bioassays showed that the compounds 4–5 exhibited significant antitumor activities both in vivo and in vitro.     

Condensation of 1-Substituted 5-Aminopyrazoles with β-Dicarbonyl Compounds

Condensation of N-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles with -diketones occurs with the formation of pyrazolo[4,5-b]pyridines. Depending on the conditions, their reaction with -keto acids can give either 6-oxo- or 4-oxopyrazolo[4,5-b]pyridines.     

The Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin with Benzoic Acid

The interaction of β-cyclodextrin with benzoic acid was studied by UV and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. The introduction of the benzoic acid molecule into the internal hydrophobic β-cyclodextrin cavity and additional stabilization by weak H-bonds caused the formation of 1: 1 axial inclusion complexes of the host—guest type. The degree of crystallinity of the inclusion complex decreased compared with the initial compounds, whereas its thermal stability increased.     

Crystal Structures of β-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Formic Acid and Acetic Acid

β-Cyclodextrin (β–CD)-formic acid (1) andβ-CD–acetic acid (2) inclusion complexes crystallizeas β-CD...0.3HCOOH...7.7H₂O andβ-CD...0.4CH₃COOH...7.7H₂O in themonoclinic space group P2₁ with comparable unit cell constants.Anisotropic refinement of atomic parameters against X-ray diffractiondata with F_o ² > 2σ (F_o ²) (986/8563 and 991/8358)converged at R-factors of 0.051 and 0.054 for 1 and 2,respectively. In both complexes, the β-CD molecularconformation, hydration pattern and crystal packing are similar,but the inclusion geometries of the guest molecules are different.The β-CD macrocycles adopt a ``round'' conformationstabilized by intramolecular, interglucose O3(n)...O2(n + 1)hydrogen bonds and their O6–H groups are systematically hydratedby water molecules. In the asymmetric unit, each complex contains oneβ-CD, 0.3 formic acid (or 0.4 acetic acid), and 7.7 water moleculesthat are distributed over 9 positions. Water sites located in theβ-CD cavity hydrogen bond to the guest molecule. In thecrystal lattice, β-CD molecules are packed in a typical ``herringbone'' fashion. In 1, the formic acid (occupancy 0.3) is entirely included in the β-CD cavity such that its C atom is shifted from the O4-plane center to the β-CD O6-side by 2.90 Å and C=O, C–-O bonds point to this side. In 2, the acetic acid (occupancy 0.4) is completely embedded in the β-CD cavity, in which the carboxylic C atom is displaced from the O4-plane centerto the β-CD O6-side by 0.87 Å; the C=O bond directsto the β-CD O6-side and makes an angle of 15°to the β-CD molecular axis. Furthermore, bothdimethyl-β-CD-acetic acid and β-CD-acetic acidcomplexes form a cage structure, showing that the small guestsenclosed entirely in the cavity either in β-CD or indimethyl-β-CD do not affect the packing of the host macrocycles.     

Synthesis of Azaphenanthrene Derivatives by Condensation of 2-Methyleneaminonaphthalene with Cyclic β-Diketones

2-Methyleneaminonaphthalene smoothly reacts with cyclic -diketones to afford azaphenanthrene derivatives in high yield. The dihydropyridine ring in the products can be oxidized to pyridine ring. The oxidation products, unlike their precursors and analogs having an aryl substituent in the -position with respect to the nitrogen atom, react with hydroxylamine at the carbonyl group to give the corresponding oximes and in some cases undergo Knoevenagel condensation with malononitrile. Hydrolysis of the condensation product yields the respective diamide.     

A New Condensation Reaction of β-Keto-δ-valerolactone with Substituted Aniline

Pyronesareimportantintermediatesofpesticidesandpharmaceuticals'.Recentlythebiologicalactivitiesofpyronederivativeshavedrawngreatinterest,butfewliteraturesonthebiologicalactivitiesof0-keto-8-valerolactonederivativeswerereported.The3positionof0-keto-5-valerolactonesisparticularlyreactive,acylationcantakeplaceinthisposition'-'.Herewereportanewcondensationreactionof6-keto-5-valerolactone,bymeansofwhichnewcarbon-carbondoublebondwasformedandaserisofnewanilinomethylenecompoundswereobtained.Synthesiso…     

Condensation of 5-Aminopyrazoles Unsubstituted in Position 1 with β-Keto Esters

Condensation of -keto esters with 5-aminopyrazoles unsubstituted in position 1 gives 7-oxopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.     

Inclusion Behavior of Dimer β-CyclodextrinBridged with Aspartic Acid Derivative

The capped cyclodextrins (CDs) are very useful macromolecular hosts in supramolecular chemistry. Previously, we demonstrated that the dimer cyclodextrin bridged with 1,2-diaminoethane causes significant enhancement of affinity to a small organic guest molecule1. A variety of interesting peptides have been developed as artificial enzymes. Here our designed peptide, Adm-Trp-Arg-Arg-NH2, named ATA was synthesized by the usual solid-phase Fmoc strategy2 with trityl resin in Shimadzu-PSSM8 p…     

Dielectric Relaxation of the β-Cyclodextrin Complexes with Tridecanoic Acid and 1,13-Tridecanedioic Acid

The frequency and temperature dependence of the real (') and imaginary (') parts of the dielectric permittivity of the polycrystalline complex-cyclodextrin-tridecanoic acid in two hydration forms (with 16.2 and 10.7 water molecules) and -cyclodextrin-1,13-tridecanedioic acid with 16.4 and 10.5 water molecules have been investigated, in the frequency range 0.1–100 kHz and temperature range 120–310 K. The dielectric behavior is described well by Debye-type relaxation dispersion. All systems except for the complex of partially dehydrated monocarboxylic acid, exhibit an additional -dispersion, at low frequencies (f < 1000 Hz). Only one-step was found in the ' vs. Tplots of both complexes in the two hydration forms, a fact indicating that the watermolecules cannot be divided into strongly bound and easily movable molecules. The'vs. T plots, at a fixed frequency (200 Hz), show the characteristic peakattributed to a transition between ordered and disordered -CD hydroxyl groupsand water molecules. The transition temperature was 202.7 K for all systems examinedexcept for the complex -CD-tridecanoic acid.16.2 H₂O (214.5 K). This means that the order to disorder transformation process was unaffected by the dehydration process in the case of the dicarboxylic acid complex, whereas in the case of the monocarboxylic acid, it was unexpectedly facilitated. The relaxation time varies with temperature, in a like curve (in the range 8–14 s), with maximum values located at the corresponding order-disorder transition temperatures. The activation energies of the fully hydrated complexes have absolute values of 5 kJ/mol in the range 1.98–3.82 K_{BT transition} which are higher than the corresponding values of :2 kJ/mol of the dehydrated complexes. A thermal hysteresis observed in all complexes is a result of the order-disorder transformation.     

Coulometric Titration of Thiocyanate,Mercaptoacetic Acid,and β-Mercaptopropionic Acid with Electrogenerated Hypobromite

Abstract

Several sulfur containing ligands have been determined by coulometric titration using biamperometric end point detection. Satisfactory results were obtained for the direct determination of thiocyanate, mercaptoacetic acid and β-mercaptopropionic acid. Silver has been determined by an indirect method involving the determination of excess precipitant.     

Aldol Condensation of β-Diketones and β-Ketoesters with Aldehydes Catalyzed by Samarium (III) Iodide

Catalyzed by SmI₃ β-diketones and β-ketoesters condense with aldehydes to give benzylidene substituted β-diketones and β-ketoesters at room temperatures in fair yields.     

Synthesis of Substituted Coumarins via Brønsted Acid Mediated Condensation of Allenes with Substituted Phenols or Anisoles

Coumarins were obtained from the condensation of electron-rich arenes with allenes in the presence of TfOH in good yield. Depending on the substituent pattern of allenes employed, the general synthetic method of 4-substituted and 3,4-disubstituted 3-arylcoumarins has been developed. Readily available allenes were employed as the three-carbon atom sources constituting the coumarin skeleton.     

Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Functionalized Thiophenes by Condensation of α-Mercapto Compounds with β-Aminoenone Derivatives

2-Acylthiophenes and ethyl 2-thiophene-carboxylates are prepared regioselectively by reaction of 3-ctil oroenones and 2-acylenammoni urn chlorides with α-mercapto derivatives in good to moderate yields.     

Study on the Structure of Supramolecular Inclusion Complex of β-Cyclodextrin with Retinoic Acid

The importance of Vitamin A for human health has been stressed in resent studies1, meanwhile its derivative so-called retinoic acid (RA) has been widely used as pharmaceutical to treat several types of skin disease and cancer2,3. However the application of retinoic acid is restrained for its poor water solubility, unstability and side effect on the human body.Cyclodextrins (CDs) are macrocyclic oligosaccharides built up from 6, 7, or 8 glucopyranose units called (, (, and (-CD, respectively…     

Ionic Liquid–Mediated Knoevenagel Condensation of Meldrum's Acid and Aldehydes

A simple, efficient, and green protocol for Knoevenagel condensation of Meldrum's acid and aldehydes in ionic liquid at room temperature without any catalyst is described. The reaction has been performed in different ionic liquids. The enhancement in the rate is observed in Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1‐methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate [Hmim]Tfa, which furnishes quantitative yields with 4–30 min in most of the cases. Furthermore, ionic liquid is easily reused without any appreciable loss in activity.     

Friedel-Crafts Polymers. 6. Friedel-Crafts Polycondensation of p-Xylylerte Dibromide with Salicylic Acid and β-Resorcyiic Acid

Polymers were prepared by condensing p-xylylene dibromide separately with salicylic acid and β-resorcylic acid in the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride in dioxane. The polymer samples_were characterized by elemental analysis, by IR spectral study, by M determined by vapor pressure osmometry, by nonaqueous conducto-metric titration in pyridine, by TGA in air, and by viscosity measurements of polymer solutions in DMF. Polymeric metal chelates of Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Fe³⁺ with polymer samples were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, by IR spectral study, and by TGA in air. The chelation ion-exchange properties of the polymer samples were studied by employing the batch equilibration method.