新型二维压电声子晶体板带隙可调性研究

设计了一种由涂有硬质材料涂层的柱状压电散射体周期性连接在四个环氧树脂薄板上构成的具有大带宽的新型二维压电声子晶体板,并利用有限元方法计算了该声子晶体板的能带结构、传输损失谱和位移矢量场.研究表明：与二组元材料构成的传统声子晶体板相比,新设计的声子晶体板的第一完全带隙频率更低,并且带宽扩大了5倍;通过在压电体表面上施加不同的电边界条件,可以实现多条完全带隙的主动调控;压电效应对能带结构有很大的影响,并且有利于完全带隙的扩大与形成.基于带隙的可调谐性,分析了可切换路径的压电声子晶体板波导,结果表明可以通过改变电边界条件来限制弹性波能量流.     

二维空心散射体声子晶体板的低频带隙特性及其形成机理

利用有限元方法,对设计的涂有硅橡胶包裹层的空心铅柱体嵌入到4个环氧树脂短连接板中构成的声子晶体板的低频带隙特性进行了研究,分析了其能带结构、传输损失及位移场。与正方连接板粘连结构、嵌入结构和细连接短板粘连结构这3种传统声子晶体板的带隙特性作对比,说明具有包裹层、短连接板结构的声子晶体板更容易产生低频宽带;观察位移矢量场的振动模态,并结合弹簧质量模型,解释了带隙形成的机理;通过讨论连接板的宽度、散射体的内外半径及高度对第一完全带隙的影响,说明连接板宽度越窄,厚度越小,散射体内半径越小,外半径越大,高度越高,越有利于带隙的扩展。      

局域共振复合单元声子晶体结构的低频带隙特性研究

本文提出了一种新型局域共振复合单元声子晶体结构, 并结合有限元方法对结构的带隙机理及低频共振带隙特性进行了分析和研究. 共振带隙产生的频率位置由所对应的局域共振模态的固有频率决定, 并且带隙宽度与局域共振模态的品质因子及其与基体之间的耦合作用强度有关. 采用局域共振复合单元结构可以实现声子晶体的多重共振, 在低频范围能打开多条共振带隙, 但受到共振单元排列方式的的影响. 由于纵向和横向局域共振模态的简并, 复合单元结构能在200 Hz以下的低频范围打开超过60%宽度的共振带隙, 最低带隙频率低至18 Hz. 这为声子晶体结构获得低频、超低频带隙提供了一种有效的方法. 关键词： 局域共振 低频带隙 复合单元 声子晶体     

新型Helmholtz型声子晶体的低频带隙及隔声特性

为了解决军用飞机舱室内产生的低频噪声问题,构建了一种新型的Helmholtz型二维声子晶体,该结构采用迷宫型开口通道,并在结构加入了刚性振子.研究发现,该结构在晶格常数为62 mm条件下,将第一低频带隙的下限降至15 Hz左右,且在100 Hz频率左右形成一条宽度为93 Hz的带隙宽带,表现出较好的低频隔声特性.首先,通过振型及声压场分析了其带隙成因,采用“力-声类比”的方法建立了该结构的等效模型,最后利用有限元法和传递矩阵法对第一低频的带隙范围进行了计算,两种方法所得结果基本相符;其次,通过有限元法探究了晶格常数、空气通道长度及振子材料等结构参数对低频带隙的影响.研究表明,增加开口通道长度和晶格常数都会降低第一带隙下限,增加振子材料密度能够有效降低第二带隙的上下限,进一步揭示了该结构带隙形成的实质,验证了等效模型的准确性.该研究为低频噪声控制方面提供了一定的理论支持,为低频声子晶体的设计提供了新的思路.     

一种多频局域共振型声子晶体板的低频带隙与减振特性

设计了一种多频局域共振型声子晶体板结构, 该结构由一薄板上附加周期性排列的多个双悬臂梁式子结构而构成. 由于多个双悬臂梁式子结构的低频振动与薄板振动的相互耦合作用, 这种局域共振型板结构可产生多个低频弯曲波带隙(禁带); 带隙频率范围内的板弯曲波会被禁止传播, 利用带隙可以实现对薄板的多个目标频率处低频减振. 本文针对这种局域共振型板结构进行了简化, 并基于平面波展开法建立了其弯曲波带隙计算理论模型; 基于该模型, 结合具体算例进行了带隙特性理论分析. 设计、制备了一种存在两个低频弯曲波带隙的局域共振型板结构样件, 通过激光扫描测振仪测试证实该结构存在两个低频带隙, 在带隙频率范围的板弯曲振动被显著衰减.     

二维复式格子声子晶体带隙结构特性

借助于平面波展开法分析了二维复式格子声子晶体能带结构，计算了铝合金柱体按周期性结构排列在空气中形成的二维固/气复合体系的声子晶体，给出了复式蜂窝格子和复式Kagome格子的能带结构，进而对比分析了复式格子和简单格子的能带结构特性.结果表明，与简单格子相比，复式格子的带隙出现在频率相对较低的位置；在f=0.091—0.6046范围内，将声子晶体排列为复式格子要优于简单格子，可以得到更宽带隙.此外，引入了带隙分布图，讨论了填充系数f对带隙数目、带隙宽度以及带隙上下边界频率的影响. 关键词： 声子晶体 复式格子 带隙 平面波算法     

二维声表面波压电声子晶体在射频段的时域有限差分法

对二维声表面波压电声子晶体在射频段的带隙特性,进行了时域有限差分法(FDTD)理论推导和计算,并提出实验方法对比验证。FDTD计算模型考虑了压电效应,引入周期边界条件以节省计算空间和时间,采用完全匹配层以解决声表面波在截断边界处的虚拟反射问题。实验上分别设计有/无二维压电声子晶体的两种宽频带延迟线结构,测量两种延迟线的传输系数取差值,得到了二维压电声子晶体的带隙;其中通过时域加窗函数保留一次传输信号,进行干扰信号的去除。以铝/128°YX-LiNbO3二维压电声子晶体为例,该FDTD方法、商业有限元软件COMSOL、实验方法均得到了100500 MHz射频段内的多个带隙,三种带隙对比证明了FDTD计算带隙与实验测量带隙一致,比COMSOL计算的计算带隙精度更高。      

用于汽车低频振动控制的局域共振声子晶体*

低频振动的控制是评估汽车舒适性的重要指标。针对汽车板件结构的低频振动控制问题,提出了一种基于局域共振机理的新型准二维声子晶体板。其结构由单侧复合圆柱共振单元周期排布在基板上构成。通过有限元方法得到了该结构的带隙特性,并结合其振型和传输谱分析了低频完全带隙的形成机理。研究表明,不同形式的板振动模式与圆柱共振单元的局域共振模式相互耦合形成面内带隙与面外带隙,两者叠加形成完全带隙。进一步研究发现,通过改变结构的材料和尺寸参数可以将共振带隙调节到满足实际应用要求的极低频范围,可在低于100 Hz的频段形成完全带隙,并可在更宽的频带内抑制z方向振动的弯曲波,为声子晶体在车身板件减振中的实际应用提供了依据。     

内插扩张室声子晶体管路带隙特性研究

声子晶体管路的带隙特性,可以实现管路系统在特定频率下的噪声控制.利用二维模态匹配法推导出单个内插扩张室元胞的传递矩阵,结合Bloch定理,得到声子晶体管路的能带结构计算方法;验证了二维方法在计算能带结构时的准确性.研究发现,内插扩张室声子晶体管路存在布拉格带隙和局域共振带隙.进一步研究了晶格常数以及内插管长度对能带结构的影响,结果表明,晶格常数主要控制布拉格带隙,而内插管长度对局域共振带隙有较大的影响,并研究了两种参数变化下的带隙耦合.研究结果可以为管路降噪设计提供新的思路.     

球形复合柱表面波声子晶体的带隙特性仿真

设计了一种由镍球与环氧树脂垫层组成的复合柱沉积在铌酸锂基体上构成的表面波声子晶体结构,采用有限元法计算了其能带结构和位移矢量场.结果表明:与具有相同晶格常数的倒圆锥形表面波声子晶体结构相比,研究结构可以在更低的频率范围打开更宽的声表面波完全带隙,且随着复合柱半径增大,镍球体与压电基体的硬边界之间形成限制腔模,相邻高阶带隙间存在能量的耦合以及振动模式的继承;此外,温度场的引入可以实现带隙的主动调控,带隙频率范围随着温度升高向低频移动;通过增加复合柱体的层数,多振子结构与行波发生多极共振耦合,可在高阶能带间打开完全带隙.本文的研究结果为微米级表面波声子晶体结构在100 MHz以下频率范围的带隙特性优化提供了理论支持.     

Complete low-frequency bandgap in a two-dimensional phononic crystal with spindle-shaped inclusions

A two-dimensional phononic crystal(PC) structure possessing a relatively low frequency range of complete bandgap is presented. The structure is composed of periodic spindle-shaped plumbum inclusions in a rubber matrix which forms a square lattice. The dispersion relation, transmission spectrum and displacement field are studied using the finite element method in conjunction with the Bloch theorem. Numerical results show that the present PC structure can achieve a large complete bandgap in a relatively low frequency range compared with two inclusions of different materials, which is useful in low-frequency noise and vibration control and can be designed as a low frequency acoustic filter and waveguides. Moreover,the transmission spectrum and effective mass are evaluated to validate the obtained band structure. It is interesting to see that within the band gap the effective mass becomes negative, resulting in an imaginary wave speed and wave exponential attenuation. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the effect of geometrical parameters of the presented PC structure on the lowest bandgap is performed to investigate the variations of the bandgap width and frequency.     

基于二维声子晶体的大尺寸夹心式换能器的优化设计

夹心式换能器应用极为广泛,但当其横向尺寸过大时,存在耦合振动,影响其辐射面的位移分布.本文通过在大尺寸夹心式换能器的前盖板中加工周期排列的槽,来形成一种二维声子晶体结构.随后,采用有限元法对基于二维声子晶体的大尺寸夹心式换能器的振动传输特性、共振频率以及发射电压响应进行仿真模拟,讨论了开槽高度和开槽宽度对其带隙、共振与反共振频率、带宽以及辐射面位移分布的影响.研究结果表明,通过在大尺寸夹心式换能器中应用声子晶体结构可对其进行优化设计.当大尺寸夹心式换能器的工作频率位于其带隙范围内时,二维声子晶体结构能有效地抑制其横向振动,从而改善换能器辐射面位移分布的均匀程度.此外,在大尺寸夹心式换能器的前盖板中加工二维声子晶体结构,能有效提升换能器的带宽,进而拓宽大尺寸夹心式换能器的工作频带.     

X形超阻尼局域共振声子晶体梁弯曲振动带隙特性

以声子晶体理论为基础,设计了一种具有超阻尼特性的X形局域共振结构,分析了周期性附加X形局域共振的梁弯曲振动传播特性.利用拉格朗日方程分析了X形局域共振结构动力学等效特性,揭示了该结构的阻尼放大的机理,分析了几何结构参数对于带隙特性的影响,并利用有限元法验证了X形局域共振结构的超阻尼特性.研究结果表明,周期性附加X形局域结构能够有效地抑制低频弯曲振动在梁中的传播,产生超阻尼特性,实现低频、宽带的减振效果,为结构的低频减振提供了一个新的设计方案.     

Analysis and design of optically transparent antenna on photonic band gap structures

An optically transparent microstrip patch antenna is designed on photonic bandgap structures and its radiation characteristics are computed and analyzed in the visible spectrum region. The proposed antenna consists of indium tin oxide, a transparent conducting material used both as a radiating patch and a ground plane separated by the 5 μm thin glass substrate. The introduction of periodic cylindrical air cavity structures in the glass substrate leads to the formation of photonic band gap. The patch thickness is carefully selected based on the analysis of the optical transmission coefficient with respect to patch thickness. The effective dielectric constant of the photonic band gap loaded glass substrate is computed using the effective medium approach. The refractive index of the proposed antenna is presented and discussed. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is shown to improve significantly due to insertion of proposed photonic band gap structures. The proposed design has yielded a bandwidth of 2–2.3 THz for a return loss (S₁₁) of less than −15dB and achieved a peak gain of 4.97dB at 2.27 THz.     

Analysis on vibration characteristics of large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate based on quasi-periodic phononic crystal structure

Based on the theory of composite materials and phononic crystals (PCs), a large-size rectangular piezoelectric composite plate with the quasi-periodic PC structure composed of PZT-4 and epoxy is proposed in this paper. This PC structure can suppress the transverse vibration of the piezoelectric composite plate so that the thickness mode is purer and the thickness vibration amplitude is more uniform. Firstly, the vibration of the model is analyzed theoretically, the electromechanical equivalent circuit diagram of three-dimensional coupled vibration is established, and the resonance frequency equation is derived. The effects of the length, width, and thickness of the piezoelectric composite plate at the resonant frequency are obtained by the analytical method and the finite element method, the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient is also analyzed. The results show that the resonant frequency can be changed regularly and the electromechanical conversion can be improved by adjusting the size of the rectangular piezoelectric plate. The effect of the volume fraction of the scatterer on the resonant frequency in the thickness direction is studied by the finite element method. The band gap in X and Y directions of large-size rectangular piezoelectric plate with quasi-periodic PC structures are calculated. The results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the simulation results. When the resonance frequency is in the band gap, the decoupling phenomenon occurs, and then the vibration mode in the thickness direction is purer.     

Surface acoustic waves in 2D-phononic crystal of laminated pillars on a semi-infinite ZnO substrate

In this paper a phononic crystal of laminated pillars which are composed of two materials on a semi-infinite ZnO substrate is proposed. The unit cell can be regarded as a double-resonator model, which explicates the variation of band gaps. It is revealed that the band structure of the PC is highly influenced by the proportion of PZT-4 in laminated pillars. Besides, the high-frequency band gaps are the result of combined actions of the local resonance and the Bragg scattering, and the former dominates. Furthermore, the influences of the structural damping are investigated. It is observed that the bandgap-ratio remain unchanged and the band gaps translate to the right with isotropic structural loss factor increasing. Additionally, by introducing linear defects inside the laminated pillars, elastic energy at surface is strongly confined within defect pillars, and the coupling between defective pillars and SAW is governed by the physical parameter of resonators.     

温控太赫兹调制器多频带调制特性

基于开口谐振环结构设计了多频带太赫兹波调制器,并在谐振环的开口处及两侧均填充温敏介质锑化铟(InSb),研究了锑化铟的电磁性质随温度的变化、等效电感的组数对共振频带数目的影响以及锑化铟不同的填充方式对太赫兹波调制特性随温度的变化规律。研究结果表明,当环境温度从160 K上升到350 K时,锑化铟的载流子浓度和等离子体频率逐渐增大,然而等效介电常数却不断减小;每增加一组等效电感,太赫兹波调制器都会相应的增加一个共振频带;在调制器开口处和两侧均填充锑化铟时,当环境温度在160～350 K变化时,温度对太赫兹波的共振频率和共振幅度的调制效果比仅在开口处或者两侧填充锑化铟时更明显,且随着温度的升高,每个共振频带所对应的共振频率均明显增大。     

Large complete band gap in two-dimensional phononic crystal slabs with elliptic inclusions

Phononic band structure with periodic elliptic inclusions for the square lattice is investigated based on the plane wave expansion method. The numerical results show the systems composed of tungsten (W) elliptic rods embedded in a silicon (Si) matrix can exhibit a larger complete band gap than the conventional circular phononic crystal (PC) slabs. The phononic band structure of the plate-mode waves and the width of the first complete band gap can be tuned by varying the ratio of the minor axis and the major axis, the orientation angle of the elliptic rods and the thickness of the PC slabs. We also study the band structure of plate-mode waves propagating in two-dimensional (2D) slabs with periodic elliptic inclusions coated on uniform substrate.