罗哌卡因复合芬太尼硬膜外用药对分娩方式的影响

目的探讨硬膜外罗哌卡因复合芬太尼分娩镇痛对分娩方式的影响。方法回顾7136例具备顺产条件初产妇的最终分娩方式,按产妇意愿分为对照组（A组）4168例及分娩镇痛组（B组）2968例。A组产妇未接受分娩镇痛,B组产妇给予L2~3或L3~4硬膜外阻滞,头向置管后1%利多卡因5ml试验量确定阻滞平面后,予以6~15ml/h持续泵注0.15%罗哌卡因和2μg/ml芬太尼的复合液。记录汇总最终分娩方式及剖宫产原因,评定两组新生儿出生后1、5minApgar评分,评定产妇镇痛后的视觉模拟评分（VAS）及改良Bromage评分。结果B组产妇剖宫产率（20.28%）及产钳使用率（4.38%）明显高于A组（7.70%、2.33%,P＜0.01）;B组第一产程时间延长于A组(P＜0.01）;B组因第一产程延长而行剖宫产比例（64.62%）明显高于A组（42.81%,P＜0.01）;B组胎儿宫内窘迫的比例（12.29%）明显低于A组（31.25%,P＜0.01）;胎头下降停滞及羊水问题、胎位异常比例与A组比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。两组新生儿出生后1、5min的Apgar评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。B组产妇宫口6、10cm时的VAS评分明显低于A组（P＜0.01）,但两组产妇下肢改良Bromage评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论0.15%罗哌卡因复合2μg/ml芬太尼的硬膜外分娩镇痛可增加产妇剖宫产率、阴道器械助产率及延长第一产程,但对新生儿Apgar评分及产妇下肢肌力无影响。     

罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔阻滞注药速度的研究

目的 探讨罗哌卡因用于剖宫产术蛛网膜下腔阻滞的合理注药速度。方法 选择行剖宫产术产妇90 例,按蛛网膜 下腔阻滞时罗哌卡因注药时间采用随机数字表法分为30s 组、60s 组、90s 组,每组各30例。观察并记录麻醉前（T0）、麻醉后1min（T1）、5min（T2）、10min（T3）、20min（T4）收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）变化,术中恶心、呕吐、胸闷、麻黄碱、阿托品使用例数,麻醉最高平面情况。结果 与60s 组、90s 组相比,30s 组SBP、DBP、HR 下降更为显著,发生恶心、呕吐、胸闷等不良反应及使用麻黄碱例数显著增多（P＜0.05）。30s 组、60s 组、90s 组产妇麻醉平面达T6以上分别为29 例、29 例、28例,均能满足手术要求,最高阻 滞平面达T4、T2的例数30s 组显著多于60s 组、90s 组（P＜0.05）。结论 常规剂量罗哌卡因用于蛛网膜下腔阻滞下剖宫产术,其注药时间宜控制在60～90s,同样能满足手术需要,且可减少不良反应的发生,而不是传统方法的15～30s。     

盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐对中重度阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状的疗效观察

目的评价盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐对阿尔茨海默病(AD)伴发精神行为症状(BPSD)的疗效及安全性.方法将符合标准的80例AD患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,治疗组患者服用盐酸美金刚和盐酸多奈哌齐,对照组患者单用盐酸多奈哌齐.盐酸美金刚起始剂量为5mg/d,每周递增5 mg ,4周末增至20mg/d;盐酸多奈哌齐起始剂量为5mg/d,4周末增至10mg/d;观察12周.治疗前及治疗12周末,分别采用痴呆行为量表(BEHAVE-AD)评价精神行为症状、日常生活能力量表(ADL)判定患者日常生活活动能力、临床总体印象量表(CGI)评定患者总体变化情况.结果治疗12周末,研究组BEHAVE-AD减分较对照组更显著(8.1±3.30,9.2±2.80,t=-3.317,P<0.01), ADL减分更显著(28.1±2.35,29.3±2.63,t=2.097,P<0.05),CGI评分分别为(3.43±0.82和4.37±0.85),差异有统计学意义(t=-5.413,P<0.01).结论盐酸美金刚联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗BPSD的疗效优于单用盐酸多奈哌齐.     

Triple implementation by sharing mechanisms in production economies with unequal labor skills

In production economies with unequal labor skills, we study axiomatic characterizations of Pareto subsolutions which are implementable by sharing mechanisms in Nash, strong Nash, and subgame perfect equilibria. The sharing mechanism allows agents to work freely and distributes the produced output to the agents, according to the profile of labor hours and the information on demands, prices, and labor skills. Based on the characterizations, we find that most fair allocation rules, which embody the ethical principles of responsibility and compensation, cannot be implemented when individuals’ labor skills are private information. We are greatly indebted to William Thomson for his kind and detailed advice on editing the paper, as well as to the two anonymous referees of this journal for their helpful comments on improving the paper. In addition, we appreciate the careful and detailed comments provided by Yoshikatsu Tatamitani on an earlier draft. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Second World Congress of the Game Theory Society held at Marseille in July 2004, the Seventh International Meeting of the Society for Social Choice and Welfare held at Osaka in July 2004, and the Spring Annual Meeting of the Japanese Economic Association held at Kyoto in June 2005     

Estimates for distributions of components of mixtures with varying concentrations

For the data of sampling from a mixture of several components with varying concentrations, we construct nonparametric estimates for the distributions of components and determine the rank correlation coefficient. We prove the consistency of the rank coefficient and the efficiency of the estimates of distributions.     

氟比洛芬酯对子痫前期患者剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛疗效观察

目的 观察氟比洛芬酯复合丁丙诺啡和单用丁丙诺啡对子痫前期患者剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的临床效果和 应用价值。方法 选择90例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级在腰硬联合麻醉下行子痫前期剖宫产术患者,按随机数字表法分为A组（胎儿娩出后氟比洛芬酯+术后丁丙诺啡PCIA）、B 组（术后氟比洛芬酯+丁丙诺啡PCIA）和C 组（术后丁丙诺啡PCIA）,每组30例。观察并记录患者术后1、2、4、12、24h 视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Ramassay镇静评分,平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）及术后恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生情况,分别于麻醉前、术后4、12 和24h抽取静脉血,检测血清肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、血浆儿茶酚胺和内皮素的水平。结果 A 组和B组患者术后各时点VAS 评分均明显低于C组（P＜0.05）,A 组和B 组各时点Ramsay 镇静评分均明显高于C组（P＜0.05）;A 组和B 组术后各时点MAP 和HR 均明显低于C 组（P＜0.05）;术后24h 内PCIA 按压次数A 组和B 组明显低于C组（P＜0.05）;A 组和B 组术后各时点血清肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和内皮素水平均明显低于C 组（均P＜0.05）;A 组术后4h 内皮素水平明显低于B 组（P＜0.05）;A 组和B 组头晕、嗜睡、恶心、呕吐发生率均低于C 组（均P＜0.05）。结论 氟比洛芬酯能有效抑制术后应激,镇痛效果好且不良反应少,在胎儿娩出后应用氟比洛芬酯并结合术后丁丙诺啡进行PCIA更适合用于子痫前期剖宫产术后患者术后镇痛。     

两种不同麻醉和镇痛方法对糖耐量减低的老年高血压患者全膝置换术后糖代谢的影响

目的两种不同麻醉和镇痛方法对糖耐量减低的老年患者全膝置换术后糖代谢的影响。方法60例择期行全膝置换术的糖耐量减低患者随机分成腰硬联合麻醉联合术后硬膜外镇痛组（腰硬组）和全身麻醉联合术后静脉镇痛组（全麻组）各30例,分别测定入手术室后,术后30min、1、3、7d的空腹血糖和胰岛素浓度;术后10d空腹和口服糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h的血糖和胰岛素浓度,并计算相应胰岛素抵抗指数,以视觉模糊疼痛评分（VAS）评估术后1h、1、3、7d的疼痛评分,并记录围手术期相关不良事件发生率。结果腰硬组术后30min、1、3d的空腹血糖相比全麻组明显较低（均P＜0.05）;腰硬组在术后30min、1、3、7d的胰岛素浓度和胰岛素抵抗指数相比全麻组明显较低（均P＜0.05）。腰硬组在术后1d和3d的中餐后2h血糖浓度相比全麻组明显较低（均P＜0.05）。全麻组术后10d空腹、OGTT2h的胰岛素浓度和胰岛素抵抗指数相比术前均明显升高（均P＜0.05）,且相比腰硬组明显更高（均P＜0.05）。术后1h和术后1d腰硬组VAS评分明显小于全麻组（均P＜0.05）。结论腰硬联合麻醉和硬膜外镇痛能减轻糖耐量减低的老年高血压患者的全膝置换术后糖代谢紊乱。     

The role of the endpoint in weighted polynomial approximation with varying weights

For a weight functionw: [a, b]→(0, ∞), we consider weighted polynomials of the formw ⁿ P_n where the degree ofP _n is at mostn. The class of functions that can be approximated with such polynomials depends on the behavior of the densityv(t) of the extremal measure associated withw. We show that every approximable function must vanish at the endpointa ifv(t) behaves like (t?a) ^β ast→a with β>?1/2. We also present an analogous result for internal points. Our results solve some open problems posed by V. Totik and disprove a conjecture of G.G. Lorentz on incomplete polynomials.     

Channels with arbitrarily varying channel probability functions in the presence of noiseless feedback

In this article we study a channel with arbitrarily varying channel probability functions in the presence of a noiseless feedback channel (a.v.ch.f.). We determine its capacity by proving a coding theorem and its strong converse. Our proof of the coding theorem is constructive; we give explicitly a coding scheme which performs at any rate below the capacity with an arbitrarily small decoding error probability. The proof makes use of a new method ([1]) to prove the coding theorem for discrete memoryless channels with noiseless feedback (d.m.c.f.). It was emphasized in [1] that the method is not based on random coding or maximal coding ideas, and it is this fact that makes it particularly suited for proving coding theorems for certain systems of channels with noiseless feedback.As a consequence of our results we obtain a formula for the zero-error capacity of a d.m.c.f., which was conjectured by Shannon ([8], p. 19).     

Regularly varying tails in a queue with discrete autoregressive arrivals of order p

We consider a discrete time single server queueing system where the service time of a customer is one slot, and the arrival process is governed by a discrete autoregressive process of order p (DAR(p)). For this queueing system, we investigate the tail behavior of the queue size and the waiting time distributions. Specifically, we show that if the stationary distribution of DAR(p) input has a tail of regular variation with index −β−1, then the stationary distributions of the queue size and the waiting time have tails of regular variation with index −β. This research was supported by the MIC (Ministry of Information and Communication), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA (Institute of Information Technology Assessment).