维持性非卧位腹膜透析患者血清镁与血脂代谢的相关性研究

目的研究维持性非卧位腹膜透析患者血清镁水平与血脂代谢的相关性。方法选取57例维持性非卧位腹膜透析的终末期肾病患者，抽取空腹静脉血，测定血脂、血清镁、血钙、血磷水平并行相关性分析。结果血清镁和脂蛋白a、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）。血清镁和低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B无相关性（P＞0.05）。结论持续血脂紊乱是维持性非卧位腹膜透析患者常见的并发症，其血清镁和血清脂蛋白a、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯水平有一定的相关性。     

温州地区维持性血液透析患者矿物质代谢紊乱情况调查

目的 了解温州地区维持性血液透析患者矿物质代谢紊乱情况及相关影响因素。方法 收集2013 年在温州地区长期维持性血液透析患者血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）的资料,并根据美国肾脏病协会指南（KDOQI）及中华医学会肾脏病学分会（CSN）制订的《慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常诊治指导》计算患者的血钙、血磷、iPTH 的达标率,并对相关影响因素进行分析。结果 共收集2 227 例2013 年在温州地区各家透析中心维持性血液透析患者的资料。按KDOQI 指南标准,患者血钙、血磷、iPTH 的达标率分别为44.90%、46.30%、27.64%,3 项均达标者占6.29%;按《慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常诊治指导》建议,患者血钙、血磷、iPTH 的达标率分别为57.66%、46.30%、61.14%,3 项均达标者占16.97%。此外,三级医院维持性血液透析患者的平均血磷水平为（1.67±0.51）mmol/L,血磷达标率49.10%,二级医院患者的平均血磷水平为（1.79±0.53）mmol/L,达标率为43.22%,三级医院维持性血液透析患者的血磷达标率情况优于二级医院。血白蛋白、含钙磷结合剂的使用及透析频率是影响血钙达标的独立相关因素。患者的性别、年龄、活性维生素D 的使用、透析龄及透析频率是影响血磷达标的独立相关因素。患者活性维生素D的使用是影响iPTH 达标的独立相关因素。结论 温州地区维持性血液透析患者矿物质代谢紊乱纠正情况与有关指南的要求仍然存在较大差距;患者性别、营养状态、透析频率、含钙磷结合剂的服用、活性维生素D 的使用等是影响维持性血液透析患者矿物质代谢紊乱纠正的主要相关因素。     

变应性鼻炎和哮喘患者血清IL-33及IL-5水平的研究

目的探讨IL-33和IL-5在变应性鼻炎（AR）、支气管哮喘（BA）以及AR合并BA中的作用。方法采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定43例AR患者（AR组）、41例BA患者（BA组）、39例AR合并BA患者（合并组）及40例正常健康体检者（对照组）血清中的IL-33和IL-5水平。结果与对照组比较,其他各组患者血清IL-33和IL-5水平均明显升高（均P〈0．05）;与BAN比较,AR组及合并组血清IL-33和IL-5水平明显升高（均P〈0．05）;与AR组比较,合并组血清IL-33和IL-5水平明显升高（均P〈0．05）。血清中IL-33水平与IL-5水平呈直线性正相关（P〈0．05）。结论IL-33和IL-5参与了AR和BA的发病过程。     

慢性牙周炎患者口腔幽门螺杆菌对胃幽门螺杆菌感染复发率的影响

目的探讨慢性牙周炎患者口腔幽门螺杆菌（Hp）对胃Hp感染复发率的影响。方法选择140例有腹部不适症状、并经全口牙周检查有不同程度慢性牙周炎的患者进行胃镜检查,每例患者均取口腔唾液标本进行口腔Hp检测。对胃Hp感染患者根治后半年分别复查胃Hp的感染状况,胃Hp检测采用^14C呼气试验。结果胃Hp阳性慢性牙周炎患者1：3腔Hp检出率比胃Hp阴性患者高（P〈0．05）,并与牙周炎的严重程度有一定的关系,重度牙周炎患者口腔Hp检出率比轻度牙周炎患者高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。94例胃Hp阳性患者经药物治疗后半年进行复查,胃Hp感染复发率13腔Hp阳性者与Hp阴性者的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。重度牙周炎患者的胃Hp感染复发率显著高于轻中度牙周炎患者（P〈0．05）。结论牙周炎患者口腔Hp与胃Hp感染密切相关．胃Hp的感染复发率受口腔Hp存在的影响：口腔Hp阳性者的胃Hp感染复发率显著高于口腔Hp阴性者,并与牙周炎的严重程度有一定的关系．     

促红细胞生成素改善微炎症状态维持性血液透析患者肾性贫血的研究

肾性贫血是维持性血液透析（MHD）患者的重要临床表现，促红细胞生成素（EPO）分泌减少是肾性贫血的主要原因。长期以来，微炎症状态、肾性贫血是影响MHD患者透析及生存质量的重要因素之一。重组人促红细胞生成素（rHuEPO）是临床上治疗肾性贫血的主要药物，超过90%的慢性肾病患者应用rHuEPO后肾性贫血可有明显改善，但部分患者存在对EPO的低反应性[1]。近年研究发现，MHD患者微炎症状态可影响EPO的治疗效果。现将我院应用rHuEPO治疗微炎症状态MHD患者肾性贫血的效果报道如下。     

生物反馈联合护理干预治疗维持性血液透析患者便秘的疗效观察

维持性血液透析（MHD）是尿毒症患者主要的替代疗法,能明显提高尿毒症患者的长期生存率。但MHD也存在许多并发症,其中最常见的是便秘,发生率在70%以上[1],严重影响患者的透析质量和生活质量。生物反馈（BF）是一种新兴的生物行为治疗方法,其治疗便秘的有效率在69%以上[2],而综合的护理干预可以提高便秘患者BF的远期疗效[3]。近年来,我院血液净化中心及肛肠科应用BF技术联合护理干预对25例MHD便秘患者进行治疗,取得良好效果,现报道如下。     

术中不同浓度氧对病态肥胖阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者术后早期动脉血氧分压的影响

目的观察术中吸入不同浓度氧对病态肥胖患者术后早期动脉血氧分压的影响。方法选择40例ASAⅢ级、因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）拟择期行悬雍垂腭咽成形术的病态肥胖（BMI≥40kg／m^2）患者,采用随机数字表法分成80％氧浓度吸入组（H组）和60％氧浓度吸入组（L组）,各20例,测定术前（T0）、气管拔管后10min（T1）、0．5h（T2）、2h（T3）的动脉血气分析指标并作比较。结果两组患者1Io时动脉血气分析中的SaO2、PaO2、PaCO2、pH值的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）,在T1、T2、T3各时点L组的SaO2、PaO2值明显高于H组（P〈0．05或0．01）,在T、时点,L组的PaCO2明显低于H组（P〈0．05）。结论相较于80％的吸入氧浓度,病态肥胖的OSAS患者术中吸入60％浓度的氧,术后的氧合更好,有利于术后早期呼吸功能的恢复。     

肥大细胞在人乳头瘤病毒感染导致宫颈鳞癌发生发展中的作用研究

目的观察人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）和肥大细胞（MC）在正常宫颈组织、宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及宫颈鳞癌（SCC）组织中的表达。方法采用S—P免疫组化法检测60例CIN患者、40例SCC组患者和20例子宫肌瘤患者（对照组）组织中MC的表达，同时采用DNA导流杂交基因芯片技术检测各级组织脱落细胞中HPVDNA分型。结果随着宫颈病变程度的加重．高危型（HR）-HPV感染阳性率逐渐增加，分别为10％、55％、65％、85％、100％，其中最常见的高危型HPV感染的基因型为：16、58、52、18。与CINIII组比较，MC密度在CIN11组、SCC组、对照组中的表达明显升高（P〈0．01或0．05），并且MC与肿瘤临床分期和血管转移有关（均P〈0．05）。MC低表达者与高表达者间HR—HPV阳性率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论HR—HPV感染可以降低MC的表达，癌组织中浸润的MC可以促进肿瘤血管的形成和肿瘤的浸润转移。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因联合芬太尼行硬膜外分娩镇痛的量效观察

目的探讨罗哌卡因联合芬太尼行硬膜外分娩镇痛的最佳有效浓度。方法选择120例初产妇接受L2-3硬膜外穿刺置管拟行分娩镇痛．按随机数字表法分为0．15％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F1组）、0．12％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F2组）、0．10％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F3组）及0．08％罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼（F4组）。监测镇痛过程中阻滞平面和运动阻滞发生情况、VAS、缩富素使用增加例数等。结果F1、F2组运动神经阻滞发生的例数多于F3、F4组（P〈0．05）。F1组缩宫素使用增加例数多于其它3组（P〈0．05）。不同罗哌卡因浓度比较,F4组起效时间最长,明显长于F1、F2、F3组（P〈0．05）。F4组给药后30、60、90min时的VAS明显高于F1、F2、F3组,停药时的VAS明显高于F1组（P〈0．05）。F4组镇痛后30min内第3次宫缩开始每次宫缩对应的VAS明显高于F1、F2、F3组（P〈0．05）。结论罗哌卡因联合1ug／ml芬太尼用于分娩镇痛时,010％是最佳有效浓度,镇痛效果好,运动阻滞轻,安全性高。     

颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管的临床应用

目的探讨经颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管在维持性血液透析（MHD）患者中的应用价值。方法选取近3年在颈内静脉留置的中心静脉长期血液透析导管因功能障碍后，并经颈内静脉原位导丝法换置长期导管，术后及每次透析后均改用尿激酶封管患者16例（原位换置组）；选取同期首次经颈内静脉留置中心静脉长期血液透析导管,普通肝素封管患者20例作为对照组；分析两组患者围术期泵控血流量及随访期的反应及开存期率、次开存期率。结果围术期泵控血流量原位换置组高于对照组，有统计学差异（P＜0.05）；两组比较感染例次/1000导管日0.9%与1.0%，无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。原位换置组围术期未发生中重度并发症，12个月开存期率81.2%、次开存期率93.8%；对照组开存期率为65%、次开存期率85%；两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论颈内静脉原位导丝法换置中心静脉长期血液透析导管，在MHD患者中的使用是安全的、可行的。     

Piece-wise affine identification in dialysis

Piece-wise affine identification of hybrid dynamical systems, a quite general tool to analyse dynamical data as time series, is briefly reviewed. It is then shown to be a useful tool in order to manage a quite diffuse health impairment, namely the forecasting of the correct length of an individual session of dialysis, with the final outcome of approximating to a switch the transition from the faster initial blood dialysis to the slower inner compartment depletion.     

Structural identifiability of a model of dialysis

In this paper, structural identifiability from input–output data is considered. A mathematical model to describe a dialysis process based on linear dynamic systems is used and the identifiability of this model is tested. The problem of estimating the parameters and obtaining conditions to assure the uniqueness of the parameters is solved. Some conditions to obtain attractive points for the considered model are given, and finally, the stability problem is analyzed.     

Efficient Computation of Optimal Controls for the Exchange Processes During the Dialysis Therapy

In order to reduce the frequency of acute complications during the dialysis therapy the exchange processes of water and different solutes within the patient as well as across the dialyzer membrane shall be optimally controlled. With regard to a clinical application, this task requires the efficient treatment of a large-scale control problem, formulated in terms of a dynamical optimization problem. Equality and inequality conditions are given by the system describing the exchange processes and by the consideration of technical and medical constraints, respectively. Above all the complexity of the describing system prevents the application of standard optimization techniques as well as the construction of closed loop control laws and implies the construction of a control procedure which is specially adapted to the problem. The presented optimization method—denoted as controller PSEUDYGALG—represents a numerical iterative descent procedure, based on the approach of admissible direction. The procedure assumes an appropriate parameterization of the control problem as well as the availability of information about the input-output structure of the underlying describing system. In order to achieve the required efficiency, adaptive penalization strategies for the performance criterion and update modules for the descent information of each iterative step are presented. The controller allows both the treatment of badly and well conditioned control problems which are characterized by the occurrence and the absence of contradictional requirements for the performance criterion, respectively. PSEUDYGALG represents an off-line control method, but due to the achieved efficiency an on-line deployment by receding horizon approaches is in principle possible. Even though the controller has been developed for the dialysis problem it can be applied to a wide range of comparable control problems if the two assumptions—appropriate parameterization and knowledge about the input-output structure of the underlying system—are met.     

Representations of Nature of Science in Selected Histories of Science in the Integrated Science Textbooks in China

This study aimed to examine the representations of nature of science (NOS) in the eight histories of science selected from three series of integrated science textbooks used in junior high school in China. Ten aspects of NOS were adopted in the analytical framework. It was found that NOS had not been well treated in the selected histories of science in the three series of science textbooks. Specifically, it was found that the empirical and inferential aspects were treated better than other aspects, and discrepancies existed among the three series of science textbooks and among the eight histories of science in terms of dealing with the target NOS aspects. Implications for addressing NOS in historical materials in science textbooks were discussed in the final part of this paper.     

Existence of equilibria in articulated bearings in presence of cavity

The existence of equilibrium solutions for a lubricated system consisting of an articulated body sliding over a flat plate is considered. Here we consider the case when cavity can occur.