微穿孔板和微缝板吸声体研究进展

介绍了我国在新型吸声体微穿孔板和微缝板的特点、首创、理论分析、加工制作、多方面的应用情况，以及其在国外的影响。也讨论了这些吸声体的部分发展方向。     

阻尼耦合双层微穿孔板吸声体研究

提出并研究一种利用两板间微缝进行阻尼耦合的双层微穿孔板(DMPP)吸声体。该吸声体在两层微穿孔板(MPP)之间形成一个宽度小于1mm的微缝,因此其阻尼不仅可由板上的微穿孔提供,还可由两板之间形成的微缝提供。采用声电类比法建立了DMPP转移阻抗的理论模型,并进行实验验证,结果表明理论计算结果与实验吻合较好。然后利用建立的理论模型,对单层MPP和DMPP吸声体的吸声性能进行了对比研究,结果表明,相比于单层MPP,DMPP可以利用微缝提供的阻尼显著改善吸声性能,同时减少实际板厚。最后,对DMPP吸声体的吸声性能及其几何参数的关系进行研究,结果表明,当保持其它结构参数不变时,微缝宽度对DMPP吸声系数的提高存在一个最优值,超过或低于此值会导致吸声系数下降。     

面向微穿孔板吸声结构和吸声特性混合设计的软件平台

微穿孔板吸声结构是由微穿孔板与板后空腔组成的共振吸声结构,被认为是继多孔吸声材料之后发展起来的最有吸引力的吸声结构,其吸声特性与结构参数孔径d、板厚t、孔距b及空腔深度D有关,如何按需设计一个有效的微穿孔板吸声结构已成为目前研究的热点。本文从微穿孔板吸声结构和吸声特性混合设计的角度出发,使用面向对象的编程语言C++开发了微穿孔板吸声结构设计平台。与以往设计方法不同,本文开发的软件平台综合考虑了结构参数和吸声特性参数两方面的限制,根据实际应用要求平衡微穿孔板吸声结构的最大吸声系数与吸声带宽之间的制约关系,并以饱满的吸声曲线为目标,提供满足混合设计要求的优化结构参数。     

关于微穿孔板吸声体频带宽度极限的讨论

依据马大猷教授的微穿孔板吸声体准确理论,利用计算机辅助设计对于该结构频带宽度极限情况从理论上进行了讨论,把极限频宽和最大吸声系数的制约关系量化,并得到此情况下应用于低频或高频环境孔径的选用范围,以及此情况下板厚和穿孔率与传统观念不同的特点。以上分析结果以及所提供的结构参数为宽频带微穿孔板的具体设计提供有价值的参考。     

微穿孔板几何参数估算及其对吸声性能的影响

不规则孔微穿孔板几何参数无法直接获知,造成吸声性能计算困难,故提出一种微穿孔板几何参数估算方法。将不规则孔等效处理为圆孔,利用马氏理论关于圆孔微穿孔板的基本理论,建立了微穿孔板几何参数估算模型;将参数估算结果用于吸声性能预测,理论计算与实验结果吻合。根据微穿孔板几何参数对高吸声性能区域的影响,探讨了马氏理论适用极限与微穿孔板几何参数的关系,以及微穿孔板受粉尘污染后吸声性能演变规律。将微穿孔板参数点取在面积较大的高吸声性能区域中间部位,可获得较大的马氏理论适用极限;微穿孔板参数点位于高吸声性能区域右上部位时,一定程度的粉尘污染不会降低吸声性能.     

穿纤维微穿孔板吸声系数的有限元仿真

为拓宽微穿孔板的吸声频带,该文用有限元算法建立了典型微穿孔板和穿入不同数量金属纤维的微穿孔板模型,研究了两种微穿孔板的吸声系数、声阻抗和微孔内法向质点速度的空间分布,并进行了试验验证。有限元仿真和试验数据表明:穿入金属纤维可以拓宽微穿孔板的吸声频带,吸声系数也随纤维根数的增加而下降;吸声系数仿真结果与试验结果趋势一致,仿真模型可以有效模拟穿入纤维前后微穿孔板的吸声特性;穿入金属纤维导致黏滞效应引起的低质点速度区域增大,声阻增加,引起吸声系数的降低,而声抗变化不大。研究发现,有限元仿真方法适用于结构相对复杂的微穿孔结构的声学建模,能直观地体现微孔复杂结构的影响,值得继续深入研究和工程应用。     

微穿孔板吸声结构水下应用研究

马大猷教授提出的微穿孔板吸声结构在空气噪声降低和隔离方面得到了广泛的应用,但未见水下应用的相关研究和报道。本文将空气中微穿孔板理论应用到水中,得到了水下微穿孔板吸声结构的吸声公式。通过理论分析,得出了微穿孔板结构直接应用于水中无法获得宽频吸收的结论。提出了通过匹配液将微穿孔板间接应用到水下的设想。设计了单层板和双层板吸声结构,并对它们的吸声特性进行了理论分析与仿真。结果表明,本文设计的微穿孔板吸声结构在水中能够获得优于空气中的宽频带吸声效果。实验测量了自制的微穿孔板吸声结构,吸声系数的测量值与理论曲线基本吻合,从而验证了理论分析的正确性。     

计及孔间相互作用的微穿孔板吸声特性研究

计算微穿孔板吸声系数时,假设孔间的相互作用可以忽略。计算具有不同直径微孔的穿孔板吸声系数并提高其计算精度,孔间的相互作用不能再忽略。在马大猷、Melling(梅尔林)等前人研究的基础上,根据声波辐射和传播原理,分析微孔之间的相互作用,通过修正微孔的实际等效长度,得到计及孔间相互作用微孔板吸声系数模型,并进行理论计算和实验测试。研究结果表明:影响微穿孔板吸声系数除结构参数外,还应考虑孔间的相互作用;计及微孔板各孔间相互作用,能提高共振频率、吸声系数理论值的计算精度,计算值逼近实验测试结果。     

微穿孔介电弹性体薄膜的吸声性能试验分析*

针对普通薄膜型降噪结构的吸声性能较差和吸声带宽较窄的问题,本文设计了一种微穿孔的介电弹性体薄膜吸声结构。该结构由穿孔的介电弹性体薄膜与背腔组合而成,目的是拓宽介电弹性体薄膜低频率段的吸声带宽。针对微穿孔的介电弹性体薄膜吸声结构,从试验角度分析穿孔薄膜初始厚度、穿孔孔径及穿孔间距对结构吸声性能的影响。分析结果可知：通过适当增加薄膜的初始厚度,薄膜的整体吸声性能得到有效提升,最大可将319Hz吸声频带的吸声系数从0.2提升至0.7;减小薄膜的穿孔孔径能够有效拓宽穿孔薄膜的吸声频带,可使吸声系数0.4以上的吸声带宽由304Hz拓宽至432Hz;适当控制穿孔间距能够达到更好的吸声效果。     

一种微穿孔板消声器

本文根据马大猷教授提出的“微穿孔板吸声体精确理论”，在对微穿孔板消声器结构参数与吸声特性之间的相互影响进行了分析的基础上，设计了微穿孔板消声器并将其应用在新舟60飞机APU(辅助动力装置)降噪的实际工程中，并通过编写的噪音数据采集分析程序，对降噪效果进行了测试和分析，验证出微穿孔板消声器对消除飞机的APU的排气噪声具有良好的消声效果，平均降噪7．16dB。     

Improving low-frequency sound absorption of micro-perforated panel absorbers by using mechanical impedance plate combined with Helmholtz resonators

The traditional Micro-perforated plate (MPP) is a kind of clean and non-polluting absorption structure in the middle and high frequency and has been widely used in the field of noise control. However, the sound absorption performance is dissatisfied at low frequencies when the air-cavity depth is restricted. In this paper, a mechanical impedance plate (MIP) is introduced into the traditional MPP structure and a Helmholtz resonator is attached to the MIP. Mechanical impedance plate (MIP) provides a good absorption at low frequency by using mechanism of mechanical resonance and the acoustic energy is dissipated in the form of heat with viscoelastic material. Helmholtz resonator can fill in the defect of the poor absorption effect between the Micro-perforated plate (MPP) and the mechanical impedance plate (MIP). The acoustic impedance of the proposed sound absorber is investigated by using acoustic electric analogy method and impedance transfer method. The influence of the tube’s length of Helmholtz resonator and the number of Helmholtz resonator on the sound absorption is studied. The corresponding results are in agreement with the theoretical calculation and prove that the composite structure has the characteristics of improving the low frequency sound absorption property.     

Improvement of sound absorption characteristics under low frequency for micro-perforated panel absorbers using super-aligned carbon nanotube arrays

Super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) arrays are grown on the surface of micro perforated panel (MPP) in the hope of improving the acoustic performance of MPP absorbers by virtue of their unique properties. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that SACNT arrays did not block the perforations of MPPs or changed the perforation diameter due to their “super-aligned” nature, although MPPs are thickened. The absorption effect of SACNT arrays which are of the same and different lengths with different incident side on MPP absorbers are investigated, and standing wave tube method is used to determine the normal sound absorption coefficient. Results show that both of the lengths of SACNT arrays and the incident side have effects on the sound absorption performance of MPP absorbers. And generally SACNT arrays help to improve the sound absorption capacity of MPP absorbers in low-frequency regions only when the SACNT arrays surface is the incident side. SACNT arrays decrease absorption performance of MPP absorbers when the MPP surface is used as the incident side. Moreover, SACNT arrays are found to increase the acoustic ability of MPP absorbers with the same structure parameters monotonically at lengths up to 600 μm in the condition that the SACNT arrays surface is used as the incident side.     

Enhancing the low frequency sound absorption of a perforated panel by parallel-arranged extended tubes

This paper is concerned with the use of a perforated panel with extended tubes (PPET) to improve the sound absorption confined to low frequencies. In comparison with a micro-perforated panel (MPP), the sound absorption can be significantly improved by using the PPET at the expense of the bandwidth of the sound absorption. A particular configuration combining four parallel-arranged PPETs with different cavities is introduced to achieve a wider bandwidth of the sound absorption at low frequencies. The analysis is extended to the combination of three parallel-arranged PPETs and a MPP to further increase the bandwidth of the sound absorption. A theoretical model is described to predict the sound absorption coefficient and the simulated annealing method is introduced to the proposed absorbers, allowing optimization of the overall performance. The theory with experimental validations demonstrates that the proposed configurations offer a potential improvement of more than one octave in the bandwidth of the sound absorption at low frequencies.     

Improved sound absorption performance of three-dimensional MPP space sound absorbers by filling with porous materials

Because microperforated panels (MPPs), which can be made from various materials, provide wide-band sound absorption, they are recognized as one of the next-generation absorption materials. Although MPPs are typically placed in front of rigid walls, MPP space sound absorbers without a backing structure, including three-dimensional cylindrical MPP space absorbers (CMSAs) and rectangular MPP space absorbers (RMSAs), are proposed to extend their design flexibility and easy-to-use properties. On the other hand, improving the absorption performance by filling the back cavity of typical MPP absorbers with porous materials has been shown theoretically, and three-dimensional MPP space absorbers should display similar improvements. Herein the effects of porous materials inserted into the cavities of CMSAs and RMSAs are experimentally investigated and a numerical prediction method using the two-dimensional boundary element method is proposed. Consequently, CMSAs and RMSAs with improved absorption performances are illustrated based on the experimental results, and the applicability of the proposed prediction method as a design tool is confirmed by comparing the experimental and numerical results.     

Sound absorption of a double-leaf micro-perforated panel with an air-back cavity and a rigid-back wall: Detailed analysis with a Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral formulation

So far the electro-acoustical equivalent circuit analysis has been widely used to analyse micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorbers, however, as for the double-leaf MPP the equivalent circuit analysis inevitably includes an approximation. In this paper, the sound absorption characteristics of a double-leaf MPP absorber backed by a rigid wall are analysed by wave theory using Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral formulation to obtain a strict solution. The present wave theory is experimentally validated with existing measured results. The theory is also compared with the equivalent circuit solutions so that the differences between the two theories appear and the effect of the approximation is clarified. The comparison shows that the difference mainly appears in the vicinity of the resonance peaks: the differences occur in the resonance frequencies and the absorption coefficient at frequencies between the two resonance peaks.     

Experimental study on sound absorption performance of microperforated panel with membrane cell

Microperforated panel (MPP) absorbers have been widely used in noise reduction and are regarded as a promising alternative to the traditional porous materials. However, the absorption bandwidth of a single-layer MPP is insufficient to compete with the porous materials. In order to improve the sound absorption ability of the single-layer MPP, a composite MPP sound absorber with membrane cells (MPPM) is introduced. Sound absorption properties of the MPPM are studied by the impedance tube experiment. Results show that the membranes have a significant influence on the sound impedance. The sound absorption performance of MPPM gradually increases with the increase of the membrane area. The single-layer MPP with some small area membrane cells may have the same effect and single large area membranes. By adjusting the size of the membrane cells, one can implement a sound absorber with a wider absorption bandwidth and higher absorption peaks than the single-layer MPP.     

管束穿孔板的管腔耦合共振吸声机理研究

为了揭示管束穿孔板共振吸声结构的吸声机理,利用热黏性条件下基于有限元算法的管束穿孔板仿真模型,研究了平面声波正入射条件下,管束穿孔板内部声场分布特征,并利用阻抗管对吸声系数的理论仿真结果进行了试验验证.结果表明,管束穿孔板在低频主要靠腔体共振吸声,在高频主要靠管共振吸声,管束穿孔板整体呈现出较为明显的管腔耦合共振吸声特征。管束穿孔板共振时管中声强和质点法向振速较大,高频次吸声峰频点处管中和腔中均有驻波形成,频率越高驻波数量越多.管束穿孔板的耦合共振受到管长、腔深、穿孔率和管内径等参数变化的影响,管长对高频耦合共振的影响最大,管长增大使高频主吸声峰频点移向低频,并使相邻主吸声峰之间的间距减小.