Theoretical Study on the NO2＋NO2^— Electron Transfer Reaction

The NO2 NO2^- electron transfer reaction was studied with DFT-B3LYP method at 6-311 G^* basis set level for the eight selected structures:four species favor the structure of “head to head”.The geometry of transition state was obtained by the linear corrdinate method.Three parameters,non-adiabatic activation energy(Ead),coupling matrix element(Hif) and reorganization energy(λ) for electron transfer reaction can be calculated.According to the reorganization energy of the ET reaction,the values obtained from George-Griffith-Marcus (GGM) method(the contribution only from diagonal elements of force constant matrix) are larger than those obtained from Hessian matrix method(including the contribution from both diagonal and off-diagonal elements), which suggests that the coupling interactions between different vibrational modes are important to the inner-sphere reorganization energy for the ET reactions in gaseous phase.The value of rate constant was obtained by using above three activation parameters.     

One-dimensional Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Semiconductor CuCl_2: a First-principles Study

One-dimensional nanowires with robust magnetism are desirable for spintronic applications. Herein, on the basis of the first-principles calculations, systematic investigations on the electronic and magnetic properties of the CuCl2 nanowire were performed, which can be potentially tailored from its bulk form. The CuCl2 nanowire exhibits a ferromagnetic ground state. The band structures indicate that the CuCl2 nanowire is a ferromagnetic semiconductor. The spin flip gap is large enough for avoiding spin flip. Phonon dispersion and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation manifest that the CuCl2 nanowire is stable. In addition, distinct magnetic properties of the CuCl2 nanowires inside two types of carbon nanotubes were obtained. The study broadens the family of the existing one-dimensional materials with promising applications for spintronics.     

Theoretical Prediction on the Versatile Electronic Properties of Graphdiyne and Its Nanoribbons Composed of Hexaethynylbenzene and Tetraethynylethene

Fourteen atomically thin two-dimensional graphdiynes composed of hexaethynylbenzene and tetraethynylethene were proposed and investigated using density functional theory. Being different from the traditional graphdiyne, these structures have versatile electronic properties. They can be metals, semimetal, or semiconductors, depending on the coupling patterns and proportions of monomers. One hundred and thirty one one-dimensional nanoribbons cutting from these structures have band gaps larger than 0.4 eV. They have high carrier mobilities. Especially, the hole mobility reaches the order of 10~5 cm~2×V~(-1)×s~(-1). This is caused by small valence band deformation potential constants and explained by crystal orbital analysis. Both the two-and one-dimensional structures have very small formation energies of 32~37 meV per carbon atom. Furthermore, a seamless electronic device composed of theabove metallic electrodes and semiconducting nanoribbon has a high conductance of 11.7 mS and the device can be switched off with gate voltage. These imply that the proposed graphdiynes are good candidates for high speed electronic devices.     

Theoretical Investigation on Self-passivation in Bare Zigzag Phosphorene Nanoribbons

Several bare zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons with odd number of atoms in the direction perpendicular to the extended line are investigated by using HSE06 density functional theory.These nanoribbons are as stable as those with even number of atoms.Primitive cells of the nanoribbons are metals,while edge self-passivation and distortion in the supercell structures cause metal-semiconductor transition.The band gaps of semiconducting nanoribbons are around 0.4 eV,which is enough for high on/off ratio in device operation.Compared to the conduction bands,the valence bands have smaller deformation potential constants and larger band width.Thus,the hole mobilities of the nanoribbons(10 cm~2·V~(-1)·s~(-1)) are one order higher than the electron mobilities.Bare zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons with odd number of atoms can also be candidates for small-size high-speed electronic devices.     

Theoretical Prediction of Substituent Effects on the Intrinsic Folding Properties of β‐Peptides

A systematic conformational analysis on blocked β‐amino acids as constituents of β‐peptides by ab initio MO theory reveals that the conformer pool of β‐peptide monomers is essentially determined by the conformation of simple submonomer fragments. The influence of single and multiple substitutions at the C(α) and C(β) backbone atoms on the intrinsic folding properties of the monomers was estimated both in the single‐molecule approximation and in a polar solvent continuum, applying a quantum‐chemical SCRF model. Substitution at C(β) has a higher impact on the β‐amino acid conformation than a substitution at C(α). It can be shown that the conformations of important periodic secondary structures in β‐peptides belong to the conformer pool of the monomers, even for those secondary‐structure elements where H‐bond formation appears only in longer sequences. Rules for design of special secondary‐structure types by selection of an actual substituent pattern in the β‐amino acid constituents have been derived within the monomer approach.     

Crystal Structure, Thermal Analysis and Theoretical Calculation of a One-dimensional Chain Complex [Zn（dafo）2（H2O）2]（NO3）2

Introduction Molecular recognition and molecular self-assemblycarried out by cooperation of the weak interactions(electrostatic reaction, hydrogen bonds, van der Waalsforce, short-range repulsive force, etc) are the commonphenomena in nature. In recent years, the research onsupramolecular complex has been a crossing focus ofseveral subjects such as chemistry, physics, biology,material and information.1 Supramolecular complex hasa wide application foreground in material, catalysis,conductor,…     

Theoretical Studies on the First Hyperpolarizabilities of One-dimensional Donor-bridge-acceptor Chromophores

The ground-state dipole moments and second-order nonlinear optical （NLO） properties of a series of one-dimensional （1D） chromophores with donor-bridge-acceptor （D-B-A） structures have been investigated by using the second-order MФller-Plesset （MP2） and density functional theory （DFT） methods with the basis set of 6-31＋G（d）. According to the calculated results, the relationship between the molecular static first hyperpolarizability （βμ） and the directions of electron transition has been summarized. In terms of the sign of βμ, these 1D organic chromophores were classified into two categories： type Ⅰ with negative βμ and type Ⅱ bearing positive βμ. The analyses show that the remarkable difference of the first hyperpolarizabilities between Ⅰ and Ⅱ chromophores is associated mainly with the electrostatic interaction between terminal groups and the transport electrons in excited states. Moreover, different from the popular viewpoint, the obtained results also show that most of this series of 1D D-B-A molecules are more charge-separated in the ground states than in the excited states. As a whole, this theoretical investigation, to some extent, can be considered as a useful reference in designing the NLO chromophores with large first hyperpolarizabilities.     

体系Mg(NO3)2-MgCl2-H2O作为相变储能材料的相图预测

应用修正的BET热力学模型对Mg(NO₃)₂-MgCl₂-H₂O体系在273～373 K的相图进行预测, 发现两个共晶点, 并通过实验对共晶点组成材料的吸热和放热行为进行测定, 发现三元共晶点Mg(NO₃)₂•6H₂O(45.6%)-Mg(NO₃)₂•2H₂O (29.6%)-MgCl₂•6H₂O(24.8%)储能效果较差, 而二元共晶点Mg(NO₃)₂•6H₂O(61.6%)-MgCl₂•6H₂O(38.4%)在熔点附近具有很好的储放热能力, 其相变热焓经差热分析为136.8 J•g^－1, 说明该材料可用作潜在的相变储能材料.     

二维材料的一维纳米带

自石墨烯被发现以来,二维材料研究成为一个新的研究热点。当二维材料制备成一维纳米带结构后,由于宽度方向上的限域效应和边缘结构的差异,导致其具有区别于二维材料的独特的电学、光学和磁学性质,因此逐步成为科学家关注的焦点。本文主要介绍了石墨烯、石墨炔、联苯烯、氮化硼、黑磷、过渡金属二硫族化合物等二维材料的一维纳米带的结构、制备方法和性能研究。首先讨论了二维材料制备成一维纳米带后的结构与性能的改变;其次,着重阐述了典型的纳米带制备方法,包括“自上而下”和“自下而上”两种策略,如二维片层刻蚀、打开纳米管、化学合成、化学气相沉积、外延生长及碳纳米管限域生长等方法,实现可控制备指定纳米宽度与具有特定边缘结构的纳米带,最终获得不同于其二维材料本体的特殊性能。最后,总结了不同方法制备纳米带的优缺点,提出了需要克服的困难和挑战,并展望了未来的研究方向,希望能引起国内外同行的广泛关注。     

NO2^—离子的光催化反应

对NO2离子的TiO2光催化反应研究发现，该光催化反应用于消除NO2离子效果显著．反应的动力学研究表明，NO2离子的TiO2光催化反应是一个较复杂的多步反应，其中，NO2离子在TiO2催化剂表面的光催化氧化是该反应的控制步骤，反应符合L-H动力学规律．研究还发现，反应气氛对该光催化反应有明显影响．在实验条件下未观测到产物对反应的影响．     

TiO2纳米带表面光伏特性的研究

近年来, 一维结构的纳米带由于其不同于管、线材料的新颖结构以及独特的光电性能而受到广泛关注. 人们通过各种方法合成了氧化锌、硫化镉和氧化锡等纳米带材料[1,2]. 纳米TiO2以其优异的光电性能和高的化学稳定性而被广泛应用于太阳能电池、光催化降解等诸多领域[3], 从而成为研究热点, 最近其纳米带的制备也有报道[4].     

CH3CH2,CH3CHCl,CH3CCl2与NO2反应微观动力学理论研究

运用量子化学密度泛函理论UB3LYP/6-311+G*和高级电子相关校正的偶合簇(CCSD(T)/6-311+G*)方法,对CH3CH2,CH3CHCl和CH3CCl2自由基与NO2反应的机理和动力学进行了理论研究,得到了体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理.根据计算得到的各反应热力学参数及反应能垒,采用传统过渡态理论计算了各反应在温度T=298 K和T=700 K时的速率常数.研究结果表明,该类反应均通过1个中间体和1个过渡态生成产物,产物分别为CH3CHO+HNO,CH3CHO+ClNO和CH3CClO+ClNO.     

锂硫电池中硒缺陷WSe2催化性能的理论研究

二硒化钨具有优异导电性、高比表面积和大间距层状结构等特点,能作为催化材料有效提升锂硫电池的性能;然而少量的边缘活性位点阻碍了其催化活性的进一步提升.通过引入原子空位制造表面缺陷,可使其暴露更多的表面活性位点,提高催化活性.本文通过第一性原理计算考察了不同Se空位缺陷浓度(3.125%,6.25%,9.375%和12.5%)WSe₂表面的多硫化物吸附能力、锂离子迁移能力和多硫化物转化能力,探究了缺陷改性硒化钨在锂硫电池中的应用潜力.结果表明,6.25%中等空位缺陷浓度的WSe₂表面具有适中的多硫化物吸附能力、快速的锂离子迁移和对于充电放电过程的同步促进作用,是最优势的表面;3.125%的低空位缺陷WSe₂表面对于多硫化物吸附、锂离子迁移和充放电过程均不利;9.375%和12.5%的高空位缺陷WSe₂表面虽然有利于锂离子迁移,但是对于短链多硫化物的吸附能力过强,同时不利于放电过程.     

Ar2H+ 分子振动光谱的理论计算

基于近期由本组提供的Ar2H+分子的基态势能面,应用含时波包演化方法,计算了总角动量J=0时的振动光谱,并对其中的一些谱峰进行了指认.与现有的ab initio结果进行比较,这个新势能面包含了关于Ar2H+基态的比较正确的信息.     

ZnO和ZnS本征点缺陷的理论研究

基于第一性原理和热动力学方法,通过模拟计算分析了不同温度和分压下ZnS和ZnO晶体本征点缺陷的性质.振动熵的计算结果表明,在高温条件下,振动熵对缺陷形成能的贡献不能忽略.对比分析2种晶体本征点缺陷随环境条件变化的规律,结果表明,2种晶体的主导缺陷均为空位型.氧空位(V_O)在ZnO中更易形成,富氧和低温条件有利用于ZnO的p型本征掺杂.而锌空位(V_(Zn))在ZnS中形成能最低,因此ZnS比ZnO更容易形成p型掺杂.研究还发现2种晶体的肖特基缺陷都不稳定,而弗伦克尔缺陷比较稳定.除ZnS反弗伦克尔缺陷外,有价态的缺陷对的形成能均比中性缺陷对的形成能低.     

比光谱-导数-紫外分光光度法同时测定水中硝酸根和亚硝酸根

利用二元混合物的混合光谱与其中某一组分光谱的比值对波长求导，可达到分辨重叠光谱的目的。本文研究了用比光谱-导数-紫外分光光度法同时测定水样中NO3-和NO2-，以“减法技术”求导，兼具导数光度法能消除低频背景和高频噪声干扰及线性回归法分辨能力强的优点。方法避免了一般光度法需加入试剂而可能引起的误差。在pH7～9条件下测量203um～219um的光吸收值，用比光谱-导数技术处理，同时测定合成试样中0～4mg／L的NO3-和NO2-，6次测定相对标准偏差＜7％，加入回收率在95％～101％之间。讨论了干扰离子的影响及消除，并与P-矩阵法作了比较。方法已用于井水、雨水及湖水中NO3-和NO2-的同时测定。     

Bi2O2Se纳米带的气-液-固生长与高性能晶体管的构筑

Nanostructured bismuth oxyselenide (Bi₂O₂Se) semiconductor, a two-dimensional (2D) materials with high-mobility, air-stability, and tunable bandgap, has recently emerged as a candidate of channel material for future digital (electronic and optoelectronic) applications. In terms of material morphology, some basic issues will be addressed when a two-dimensional layered crystal is shaped into a one-dimensional (1D) geometry due to size effect; these include the space-confined transport in a plane, which leads to dramatic changes in electronic, optical, and thermal properties. These novel 1D nanostructures with unique properties are an optimal choice for fabricating next-generation integrated circuits and functional devices within the nanometer scale such as gate-all-around field-effect transistors, single-electron transistors, chemical sensors, and THz detectors. As one of the high-mobility 2D semiconductor, 1D high-quality Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons could be promising for applications in high-performance transistors; however, their synthesis has not been completely developed yet. In our study, we report on the facile growth of Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons on mica substrates via a bismuth-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. The preparation of Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons is based on a previous work that emphasized on the oxidation of Bi₂Se₃ in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system and the use of bismuth (Bi) particles as the precursor of Bi catalysis. The morphology, composition, and structure of the as-grown Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as other methods. For a Bi mediated VLS growth process, the growth of Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons can be self-assembled; further, in this process, as-grown epitaxial Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons are free-standing with out-of-plane morphology on the mica substrate. Additionally, combining the spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscope (ACTEM) and selected electron diffraction (SAED) methods, we discovered that the as-synthesized Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons were single crystalline with high quality. We further investigated the controllable growth for domain size by optimizing the growth temperature of the Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons. As-synthesized single-crystal Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons have widths in the range of 100 nm to 20 μm and lengths in the sub-millimeter range. By employing a polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) assisted clean transfer method with the assistance of deionized water, the Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons can be easily transferred onto a SiO₂/Si substrate. Fabricated into the top-gated field-effect device, the Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbon sample (transferred to the SiO₂/Si substrate) exhibited high electronic performances; these included a high electron mobility of ∼220 cm²∙V⁻¹∙s⁻¹ at room temperature, good switching behavior with on/off ratio of > 10⁶, and high on current density of ∼42 μA∙μm⁻¹ at a channel length of 10 μm. Therefore, Bi₂O₂Se nanoribbons are expected to be a promising materials for building high-performance transistors in the future.     

海盐颗粒物表面的NO_2非均相反应

为了深入理解沿海城市大气环境中NO2和海盐颗粒物的非均相反应规律,本研究使用漫反射红外傅立叶变换光谱(DRIFTS)比较研究了0%和20%相对湿度(relative humidty,RH)下NO2在湿海盐颗粒物表面的非均相反应.动力学测量表明硝酸盐的生成对NO2是二级反应,并且0%和20%相对湿度条件下,NO2分子浓度为1.96×1015molcules·cm-3时,反应增长阶段反应摄取系数分别为(5.51±0.19)×10-7和1.26×10-6.结果还显示相对湿度在30%以下时,海盐表面MgCl2·6H2O、CaCl2·2H2O所在点位通过释放结合水和吸附水汽,在海盐表面形成液态水的斑点,增强了反应持续能力.因此氯化钠表面非均相反应的研究可能会低估海盐颗粒物的非均相反应活性.     

离子色谱中高质量浓度的Cl~-对痕量NO_2~-,Br~-和NO_3~-测定的影响

在 3支不同性质的离子色谱柱上 ,研究了高质量浓度的Cl- 对痕量NO2 - ,Br- 和NO3- 分离分析的影响 ,提出在分离过程中同时存在自身洗脱效应和在柱流动相变化两种洗脱机理。当Cl- 与待测离子色谱峰重叠时 ,在抑制器处置换出的H 使弱酸型阴离子分子化 ,给定量测定带来偏差 ,而对于强酸型阴离子则没有影响。由实验得到用峰高法测定NO-2 ,Br- 和NO3- 等 3种阴离子时在不同Cl- 质量浓度下的线性范围以及能够准确定量的Cl- 的最大质量浓度。     

扶手椅型二硫化钼纳米带的电子结构与边缘修饰

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法, 研究了扶手椅型二硫化钼纳米带的几何构型与电子结构, 发现其稳定性与电子性质敏感地依赖于边缘修饰. 随着边缘修饰的H原子数增加, 纳米带变得更加稳定, 并在间接带隙半导体、半金属和直接带隙半导体之间转变. 纳米带的能带结构和电子态密度显示, 其费米能级附近的能带主要由边缘态贡献. 当二硫化钼纳米带两边用不同数目的H原子修饰时, 纳米带同时具有由这两种修饰引起的边缘态并且两种边缘态的相互影响很小. 研究了三类纳米带带隙与宽度的关系, 对于每个原胞修饰0个或8个H原子的纳米带, 带隙随宽度以3为周期振荡变化; 而对于每个原胞修饰4个H原子的纳米带, 带隙振荡不再具有周期并且振荡幅度变小.