六神丸中砷的研究

六神丸是临床常用的消炎止痛中成药之一。但因含有雄黄致使砷含量相对增高，为研究砷的有关毒性反应，本文进行了六神丸物相分析和兔血浆砷含量的分析，并对有关毒性问题进行了研究，效果满意。     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品中无机砷

目前,国际上均以无机砷的形式进行卫生学评价。1988年FAO/WHO提出以无机砷形式暂定可耐受每周摄入量(PTWJ)为15μg·kg-1,比以前总砷卫生标准严25倍。而我国自20世纪70年代至今制定的几十处各类卫生标准均以总砷mg·kg-1计。20世纪80年代我国曾研究了海带等海产品食品中有机砷和无机砷分别测定的方法,并以此制定了海产食品中无机砷的卫生标准。由于我国现有测定无机砷的国标基于银盐法[1],属于化学法,方法灵敏度较低,很难测定食品中ng级的砷。本法参考卫生部食品卫生监督所提供的原子荧光光谱法测定无机砷的方法,应用国产原子荧光光…     

动物排泄物中无机砷和有机砷测定方法研究

本文建立了微波辅助提取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定服用有机砷饲料后猪排泄粪便中的无机砷和有机砷的方法.研究了微波辅助提取的最佳条件,考察了酸介质、还原剂的选择及共存离子的干扰及消除方法.方法的检出限为0.20 μg\5L-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%,样品加标回收率为95.2%～97.2%.     

环境砷与地方性砷中毒

综述了环境砷与地方性砷中毒的关系，主要内容包括：地方性砷中毒简史，环境中砷与地方性砷中毒，地方性砷中毒流行概况，砷摄入量与地方性砷中毒关系和外源性摄砷中止后效应。     

砷的生物地球化学

地下水和饮用水中低剂量砷引起的环境健康问题在全球范围内受到广泛关注.本文从生物地球化学行为的角度综述了关于砷在环境中迁移转化方面的研究进展.首先介绍了砷在土壤、水体和大气等介质中的分布、形态以及砷在这些介质中的循环.然后阐述了环境水体中控制砷迁移的两个过程即:砷在土壤表面的吸附-解吸和沉淀-溶解过程,并详细讨论了在吸附-解吸过程中生物、物理和化学等因素的影响.     

人肝细胞中总砷及砷代谢产物分析方法研究

本工作研究了冷消解、微波消解、高压密闭消解方法对超声破碎后细胞中砷的ICP-MS测定的影响,并与直接进样测定结果作对比.结果表明,微波消解法和高压密闭消解法效果较好,测定的精密度以RSD表示,分别为2.1%和1.2%;日间6次测定的精密度分别为1.2%和2.0%;元素加标回收率均在95.7%～108.1%范围.用4种消解方法对应的ICP-MS方法检出限介于0.74～0.93 μg/l之间,符合痕量分析要求.本工作还建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用技术对1 μmol/L染砷组细胞样品中的砷化学形态进行了初步探讨,发现细胞内除了存在无机砷(As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ))外,同时存在二甲基砷(DMA)和一种甲基砷中间代谢产物.     

砷的氢催化波研究及硫中微量砷的测定

砷在１．５×１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃｏ－０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＣＮＳ－１％抗坏血酸－０．７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｎａ２ＳＯ４－４×１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＢｒ介质中产生一灵敏催化波，峰电位为－１．１Ｖ。采用微分脉冲极谱法研究了各项实验条件，建立了直接测定硫中微量砷的方法。该法简便快速，结果满意。     

砷形态分析

综述了近几年砷形态分析方法的最新研究进展.以常见砷形态分析方法发展为主线,讨论了不同砷形态分析方法的发展过程和应用情况,对不同方法的优缺点进行了扼要评述.早期的砷形态分析方法主要是以色谱和原子光谱联用为主要手段,随着不同的、更为有效的砷化合物检测手段的出现,砷形态分析方法也不断进行完善、发展.目前,在定量分析方面以液相色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱联用方法为主要常规分析手段;在砷化合物定性分析方面,色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱与电喷雾质谱相互补充的联用方法逐渐成为了主要分析手段.砷形态分析在环境健康和毒理学方面的应用是目前该领域的主要研究方向,结合国际上最新的研究进展,讨论了砷形态分析方法在环境毒理学等研究中发挥的重要作用.     

Arsenic Speciation Governs Arsenic Uptake and Transport in Terrestrial Plants

Arsenic is a carcinogenic metalloid that occurs in the environment in a variety of chemical forms, showing different mobility, bioavailability and toxicity. Terrestrial plants may accumulate large amounts of arsenic. To understand how terrestrial plants take up, transport and metabolise these arsenic species, it is essential to characterise arsenic speciation in plant tissues. Given that As species can be transformed from one form to another during sample preparation and the measurement process, arsenic speciation in biological extracts needs to be performed with great care. This paper describes the methods used to measure arsenic speciation in plant tissue and assesses the role of As speciation in As metabolism in higher plants.     

Arsenic speciation analysis

Nearly two dozen arsenic species are present in the environmental and biological systems. Differences in their toxicity, biochemical and environmental behaviors require the determination of these individual arsenic species. Considerable analytical progresses have been made toward arsenic speciation analysis over the last decade. Hyphenated techniques involving a highly efficient separation and a highly sensitive detection have become the techniques of choice. Methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography separation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, hydride generation atomic spectrometry, and electrospray mass spectrometry detection have been shown most useful for arsenic speciation in environmental and biological matrices. These hyphenated techniques have resulted in the determination of new arsenic species, contributing to a better understanding of arsenic metabolism and biogeochemical cycling. Methods for extracting arsenic species from solid samples and for stabilizing arsenic species in solutions are required for obtaining reliable arsenic speciation information.     

Thermal Expansion of Arsenic

The temperature dependence of molar volume of arsenic was studied in the range 293-1410 K.     

砷与社会

本文介绍了砷的环境分布、砷及其化合物的主要环境化学性质与应用、环境中砷的污染与危害,以及治理砷污染的主要方法。     

方便面中砷元素的形态分析

建立了硝酸提取,高效液相色谱一原子荧光联用技术测定方便面中不同砷形态的分析方法。样品经0．15mol／L盐酸溶液超声提取后离心过滤,上机测试。实验表明：砷的4种形态亚砷酸[As（Ⅲ）]、砷酸[As（V）]、一甲基胂酸（MMA）和二甲基胂酸（DMA）的线性范围为0-50μg／L,相关系数（r）均优于0．9990,检出限在2～8μg／L之间,砷各形态的测量重复性（以RSD表示）均小于5％,样品的加标回收率为78％-118％。同时用原子荧光光度计检测了样品中总砷,并将两种方法测定结果进行了对比,结果符合理论以及文献报道。该方法操作简单快速、结果准确可靠,适用于方便面中砷形态的分析测定。     

含砷钢铁中磷砷的吸光光度法联合测定

本法利用磷钼蓝与砷钼蓝吸光度具有加和性的特点,首先利用高酸度提高五价砷的氧化电位,以亚硫酸钠－硫代硫酸钠（双硫）为As(V)及Fe(Ⅲ）的复合还原剂^[1-3],溴化物为还原As(Ⅴ)的动力催化剂^[4],使As(Ⅴ)还原至As(Ⅲ),彻底消除砷的干扰,可测定磷的吸光度^[6],然后,在一般条件测定磷＋砷的吸光度,差量法求得砷的吸光度,最后分别从磷有砷的工作曲线上查出磷和砷的含量。     

As(Ⅴ)存在下阻尼动力学荧光法测定痕量As(Ⅲ)

基于KBrO3与HCl反应,其产物能使丁基罗丹明B荧光猝灭,在As（Ⅴ）共存时As（Ⅲ）能灵敏抑制该反应,据此建立了测定痕量As（Ⅲ）的新方法.在最佳实验条件下,测定As（Ⅲ）的线性范围为7.7～153.8 ng/mL,方法的检出限为2.9 ng/mL.对30.8和92.3 ng/mL的As（Ⅲ）标准溶液平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差分别为1.3%和0.62%.并考察了常见物质的干扰情况.该方法用于环境水样中痕量As（Ⅲ）分析,回收率在98%～105%之间.并提出了可能的反应机理.     

Dual Biosensing Device for the Speciation of Arsenic

Acetylcholinesterase (ACh) and acid phosphatase (AcP) have been simultaneously cross‐linked onto an array of SPCEs, which was set up by a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a carbon counter electrode and two carbon working electrodes. The detection of As(III) and As(V) is based on their enzymatic inhibitory effect. Different immobilization conditions, substrates, supporting electrolytes and chronoamperometric experimental conditions have been studied for the sensitive and selective detection of both species of arsenic in complex matrices, such as tap water and wine, at once.     

Arsenic round the world: a review

This review deals with environmental origin, occurrence, episodes, and impact on human health of arsenic. Arsenic, a metalloid occurs naturally, being the 20th most abundant element in the earth's crust, and is a component of more than 245 minerals. These are mostly ores containing sulfide, along with copper, nickel, lead, cobalt, or other metals. Arsenic and its compounds are mobile in the environment. Weathering of rocks converts arsenic sulfides to arsenic trioxide, which enters the arsenic cycle as dust or by dissolution in rain, rivers, or groundwater. So, groundwater contamination by arsenic is a serious threat to mankind all over the world. It can also enter food chain causing wide spread distribution throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. However, fish, fruits, and vegetables primarily contain organic arsenic, less than 10% of the arsenic in these foods exists in the inorganic form, although the arsenic content of many foods (i.e. milk and dairy products, beef and pork, poultry, and cereals) is mainly inorganic, typically 65-75%. A few recent studies report 85-95% inorganic arsenic in rice and vegetables, which suggest more studies for standardisation. Humans are exposed to this toxic arsenic primarily from air, food, and water. Thousands and thousands of people are suffering from the toxic effects of arsenicals in many countries all over the world due to natural groundwater contamination as well as industrial effluent and drainage problems. Arsenic, being a normal component of human body is transported by the blood to different organs in the body, mainly in the form of MMA after ingestion. It causes a variety of adverse health effects to humans after acute and chronic exposures such as dermal changes (pigmentation, hyperkeratoses, and ulceration), respiratory, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, hepatic, renal, neurological, developmental, reproductive, immunologic, genotoxic, mutagenetic, and carcinogenic effects. Key research studies are needed for improving arsenic risk assessment at low exposure levels urgently among all the arsenic research groups.