油菜缺钙条件下钕、钙关系的研究

研究表明缺钙油菜经低浓度钕(3μmol·L-1Nd(NO3)3)处理,主根增长、根系表面积、根干重、根系阳离子交换量增加;根系氧化力提高;油菜受损程度得到了明显的改善和修复,钕对钙表现出一部分替代作用。这种作用很可能通过细胞质膜Ca2+ ATPase以信号转导途径来体现。钕在高浓度下(60μmol·L-1)则表现出毒害作用。     

硒对铅在植物体内抑制作用的实验研究

采用砂培盆栽实验,研究了油菜苗期硒对铅吸收的抑制作用。结果表明,硒对铅在植物体内的吸收具有抑制作用,且随着硒处理质量浓度的增大,油菜茎叶及根系吸收铅的能力下降。     

钕对缺钙油菜膜损伤和过氧化进程的影响

通过在缺钙条件下对油菜进行水培 ,探讨了Nd对缺钙油菜膜损伤和过氧化进程的影响。3 μmol·L- 1硝酸钕可降低根质膜相对透性和叶片中膜脂过氧化作用产物丙二醛含量 ,提高过氧化氢酶 ,过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性。Nd可减轻油菜缺Ca症状 ,抑制膜的过氧化进程 ,完全营养液中加入硝酸钕也有类似效果。     

NSB对油菜某些生理特性及产量的影响

在油菜的蕾苔期、初花期喷施一定浓度的植物生长调节剂萘乙酸、微量元素锶和硼的混合配方,可以促进植物的生长发育和增强花粉的生活力,提高泌蜜量、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶的活性,增强植株的根系活力和抗旱性,加快可溶性糖的转移,同时能有效地提高油菜产量。     

甾体植物生长促进剂的研究 VIII: 3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成

油菜甾醇是以油菜花粉分离到的一种促进植物生长甾体, 能促进细胞生长和分裂,与已知植物生长的元素相比, 它具有广谱生物活性, 因此他可能在农业上有实际应用的价值.本文报道了3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成.     

甾体植物生长促进剂的研究 VIII: 3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成

油菜甾醇是以油菜花粉分离到的一种促进植物生长甾体, 能促进细胞生长和分裂,与已知植物生长的元素相比, 它具有广谱生物活性, 因此他可能在农业上有实际应用的价值.本文报道了3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成.     

甾体植物生长促进剂的研究——Ⅷ.3α-羟基-7-氧-6-酮-B-高-5α-胆烷酸甲酯的区域选择性合成

油菜甾醇(Brassinolide,1)是以油菜(Brassica napus)花粉分离到的一种促进植物生长的甾体,能促进细胞生长和分裂,与已知植物生长激素相比,它具有广谱的生物活性。因此它可能在农业上有实际应用的价值。最近发现以宽叶香蒲(Typla latifolia L)花粉中分离到的香蒲甾醇(2)和2α,3α-双羟     

镉对植物根系的毒害作用

镉是一种毒性很强的重金属,可严重影响植物的生长。当镉对植物产生毒害作用时,首先表现在根系的形态和生理功能改变上。综述了镉胁迫下植物根系的形态学变化及生理生化改变,以及镉在植物体内的代谢过程,初步探讨了根际土壤对植物吸收镉的影响,并简单介绍了目前测定根系指标的常用方法。     

稀土元素对农业增产作用的研究 Ⅲ.黄瓜根系对稀土的吸收及对根系伤流的影响

研究了植物根系对稀土的吸收以及对根系伤流的影响。在水培黄瓜培养液中加入单-稀土进行处理。结果表明,随处理时间的延长,黄瓜根系中稀土含量逐渐增加,同时引起植物伤流量的增加,证明单一稀土对根系的活力确有促进作用。用灵敏的极谱络合吸附波方法,测定了黄瓜伤流液中的单一稀土含量。结果表明,伤流液中稀土含量的变化规律与根系稀土含量是一致的,但含量甚低。     

稀土元素对植物扦插生根的影响

用大豆和向日葵植物的扦插实验研究了镧、钕、铕和钇对插条生根的影响,发现该四个稀土元素均有促进生根的作用,其中镧的效应最为显著。促进插条生根及根生长的最佳氯化镧浓度为0.3～1ppm。钕的效果与镧类似,铕和钇的作用较小。     

INFECTION OF Ri T-DNA-TRANSFORMED ROOTS BY Plasmodiophora brassicae IN Brassica CROPS

Many Ri T-DNA-transformed roots were incited on seedling hypocotyl segments of cabbage, cauliflower and oilseed rape following genetic transformation with Agribacterium rhi-zogencs. The transformed roots were in vitro inoculated with the resting spores of Plasmodi-ophora brassicae on solid medium, in liquid medium and semi-solid medium respectively.On solid medium, the resting spores penetrated root hair cells, but the root cortex was not invaded so that no symptom of clubroot galls was developed. In liquid medium, the root cortex was invaded, giving rise to an abnormal division of root cortical tissues and gall formation. In semi-solid medium, the resting spores penetrated the cells of the cut surfaces of root segments and caused the cut surfaces to swell.     

Determination of acetolactate synthase activity and protein content of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy

A new acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide, propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate (ZJ0273), was applied to oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves in different leaf positions. Visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was investigated for fast and non-destructive determination of ALS activity and protein content in rapeseed leaves. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was the calibration method with comparison of different spectral preprocessing by Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, standard normal variate (SNV), first and second derivative. The best PLS models were obtained by first-derivative spectra for ALS, whereas original spectra for soluble, non-soluble and total protein contents. Simultaneously, certain latent variables (LVs) were used as the inputs of back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) models. All LS-SVM models outperformed PLS models and BPNN models. The correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias in validation set by LS-SVM were 0.998, 0.715 and 0.079 for ALS, 0.999, 33.084 and 1.178 for soluble protein, 0.997, 42.773 and 6.244 for non-soluble protein, 0.999, 59.562 and 7.437 for total protein, respectively. The results indicated that Vis/NIR spectroscopy combined with LS-SVM could be successfully applied for the determination of ALS activity and protein content of rapeseed leaves. The results would be helpful for further on field analysis of using Vis/NIR spectroscopy to monitor the growing status and physiological properties of oilseed rape.     

Determination of inorganic and organic anions in xylem saps of two contrasting oilseed rape (Brassica juncea L.) varieties: Roles of anions in long-distance transport of cadmium

By optimizing chromatographic conditions of an ion chromatographic system, we identified and measured the major inorganic and organic anions (chloride, nitrate, malate, sulfate, phosphate and citrate) in the xylem saps of two contrasting tolerant oilseed rape (Brassica juncea L.) varieties (the high Cd-accumulating genotype Xikou Huazi and the low Cd-accumulating genotype Liangting Huazi). Cadmium concentrations in xylem saps were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. By analyzing the relationship between anion and cadmium concentrations, we considered that the relatively low phosphate concentrations in Xikou Huazi xylem saps might relate to the relatively high xylem transport of Cd for this genotype, and malate in oilseed rape xylem saps seemed to participate in the long-distance Cd translocation process. Our work might not only be very useful for understanding the mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation for Xikou Huazi, but also very beneficial for future application of Xikou Huazi in phytoremediation.     

Microsensor in vivo monitoring of oxidative burst in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves infected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Oxidative burst is the rapid and transient production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radical. A rapid and simple technique was employed for in vivo detection of oxidative burst in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) leaves, using a modified electrode. Platinum (Pt) micro-particles were dispersed on a Pt electrode, coated with a poly (o-phenylenediamine) film. This exhibited high sensitivity, selectivity and stability in H₂O₂ detection. Amperometry was used to obtain satisfactory linear relationships between reductive current intensities and H₂O₂ concentrations at −0.1 V potential in different electrolytes. This electrode was used in vivo to detect oxidative burst in oilseed rape following fungal infection. Oxidative bursts induced by infection of the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary exhibited notably different mechanisms between a susceptible and a resistant glucose oxidase-transgenic genotype.     

应用光谱技术无损检测油菜叶片中乙酰乳酸合成酶

应用可见/近红外光谱技术实现了油菜叶片中乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的快速无损检测.对99个油菜样本进行光谱扫描,经过平滑、变量标准化、一阶求导等预处理后,应用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了ALS的预测模型.同时提取有效特征变量,作为反向传输人工神经网络(BPNN)和最小二乘-支持向量机(LS-SVM)的输入值,并建立相应的模型.用66个样本建模,33个样本验证.结果表明,LS-SVM模型能够获得最优的预测结果,预测集样本的相关系数(r)、预测标准差(RMSEP)和偏差(Bias)分别为0.998、 0.715和0.079,获得了满意的预测精度.结果表明,应用可见/近红外光谱技术结合LS-SVM检测油菜中乙酰乳酸合成酶是可行的,并能获得满意的预测精度,为进一步应用光谱技术进行油菜生长状况的大田监测奠定了基础.     

非水凝胶原位聚合法制备三异丙氧基钕/PMMA杂化材料的研究

通过三异丙氧基钕直接掺入MMA单体 ,迅速形成凝胶后进行原位聚合的方法制得三异丙氧基钕 /PMMA杂化材料 ,采用IR、TG、WAXD、DMTA、SEM等手段对其进行表征 .结果表明 ,三异丙氧基钕与MMA中的羰基因配位并导致交联形成了交联网状结构的杂化材料 .与PMMA相比 ,这种杂化材料具有优良的耐热性、耐溶剂性 ,高贮能模量 ,同时 ,该制备方法克服了稀土离子易缔合的缺点 ,获得了高稀土含量且均匀分布的三异丙氧基钕 /PMMA杂化材料     

Response of brassinosteroid-treated oilseed rape cotyledons to infection with the wild type and HR-mutant of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> or with <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. fluorescence</Emphasis>

The aim of the study has been to determine the protection effect of brassinosteroid (BR₂₇) in oilseed rape cotyledons against infection by an incompatible wild type of, a hypersensitive response mutant of and saprophytic Pseudomonas bacteria. In this paper, membrane permeability, PSII efficiency and metabolic activity were analysed. The following strains of Pseudomonans were used: P. syringae pv. syringae (Ps), P. syringae pv. syringae hrcC mutant (Pm) and P. fluorescence (Pf). The study was carried out using two cultivars of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): ‘Licosmos’ and ‘Huzar’. Pre-treatment of cotyledons with BR₂₇ caused about 50–70% increase in ion leakage for both cultivars. However, BR₂₇ significantly decreased ion leakage from cotyledons inoculated with Ps in both cultivars. Infection with Ps and Pf caused disturbances of energy flow in PSII by lowering its efficiency in rape cotyledons. We noted insignificant impact of 24-epibrassinolide on PSII efficiency if compared to absolute control, but generally it had a positive effect in plants infected with bacteria. The values of heat flow in all treatments, except for cotyledons infected with Ps, decreased during 20 h after inoculation. However, the curves of heat flow for Ps-infected cotyledons showed a completely different pattern with at least two peaks. BR₂₇ pre-treated cotyledons infected with Ps had higher heat flow in comparison to Ps infected ones. BR₂₇ treatment did not change specific enthalpy of cotyledon growth (Δgh) for both cultivars if compared with absolute control. However, infection with Ps markedly increased Δgh values by about 200% for both cultivars. We suggested protective action of BR₂₇ in oilseed rape cotyledons after bacterial infection with Pseudomonas.     

QuEChERS and solid phase extraction methods for the determination of energy crop pesticides in soil,plant and runoff water matrices

QuEChERS and solid phase extraction (SPE) methods were applied for determining four herbicides (metazachlor, oxyfluorfen, quizalofop-p-ethyl, quinmerac) and one insecticide (α(±)-cypermethrin) in runoff water, soil, sunflower and oilseed rape plant matrices. Determination was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), whereas high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used for quinmerac. In all substrates linearity was evaluated using matrix-matched calibration samples at five concentration levels (50–1000 ng L^?1 for water, 5–500 μg kg^?1 for soil and 2.5–500 μg kg^?1 for sunflower or oilseed rape plant). Correlation coefficient was higher than 0.992 for all pesticides in all substrates. Acceptable mean recovery values were obtained for all pesticides in water (65.4–108.8%), soil (70.0–110.0%) and plant (66.1–118.6%), with intra- and inter-day RSD% below 20%. LODs were in the range of 0.250–26.6 ng L^?1 for water, 0.10–1.8 μg kg^?1 for soil and 0.15–2.0 μg kg^?1 for plants. The methods can be efficiently applied for field dissipation studies of the pesticides in energy crop cultivations.     

Fourth-derivative spectrophotometric determination of neodymium in mixed rare earths with methyl thymol blue and cetylpyridinium chloride

A sensitive and selective method is described for the determination of neodymium in mixed rare earths using fourth-derivative spectrophotometry. The method is based on the absorption spectra of 4f electron transitions of the complex of neodymium with methyl thymol blue and cetylpyridinium chloride. The influence of various instrumental parameters and reaction conditions for maximum colour development are investigated. The calibration curve is linear over the range 0–3.5 g ml^–1 neodymium. The relative standard deviation for determination of 1.4 g ml^–1 neodymium (n = 7) is 1.6%. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) is 0.2 g ml^–1.     

Simultaneous determination of neodymium and erbium in rare earth mixture with 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline and TX-100 by third-derivative spectrophotometry

The absorption spectra of 4f electron transitions of the complexes of neodymium and erbium with 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline in the presence of octylphenol poly(ethyleneglycol)ether have been studied by normal and third-derivative spectrophotometry. The proposed method is free of interference of other rare earths. The calibration graphs were linear up to 18 g/ml of neodymium and 21 g/ml of erbium (in the final solution). The derivative molar absorptivities are 395 l.mol^–1.cm^–1 for neodymium and 3421.mol^–1.cm^–1 for erbium. The corresponding values of Sandell's sensitivity were 0.36 and 0.49 g.cm^–1, respectively. The relative standard deviations evaluated from ten independent determinations of 2.5 g/ml of neodymium and erbium are 1.5 and 3.8% for neodymium and 1.8 and 4.1% for erbium in absence and presence of 70 g of lanthanum, respectively. The detection limits (signal to noise ratio=2) are 0.23 g/ml for neodymium and 0.30 g/ml for erbium. The method has been used for the determination of neodymium and erbium in mixed rare earths with satisfactory results.