Von Neumann’s quantization of general relativity

Von Neumann’s procedure is applied to quantizing general relativity. Initial data for dynamical variables in the Planck epoch, where the Hubble parameter value coincided with the Planck mass are quantized. These initial data are defined in terms of the Fock orthogonal simplex in the tangent Minkowski spacetime and the Dirac conformal interval. The Einstein cosmological principle is used to average the logarithm of the determinant of the spatial metric over the spatial volume of the visible Universe. The splitting of general coordinate transformations into diffeomorphisms and transformations of the initial data is introduced. In accordance with von Neumann’s procedure, the vacuum state is treated is a quantum ensemble that is degenerate in quantum numbers of nonvacuum states. The distribution of the vacuum state leads to the Casimir effect in gravidynamics in just the same way as in electrodynamics. The generating functional for perturbation theory in gravidynamics is found by solving the quantum energy constraint. The applicability range of gravidynamics is discussed along with the possibility of employing this theory to interpret modern observational data.     

Von Neumann Entropy of an Electron in One-Dimensional Determined Potentials

By using the measure of von Neumann entropy, we numerically investigate quantum entanglement of an electron moving in the one-dimensional Harper model and in the one-dimensional slowly varying potential model. The delocalized and localized eigenstates can be distinguished by von Neumann entropy of the individual eigenstates.There are drastic decreases in von Neumann entropy of the individual eigenstates at mobility edges. In the curve of the spectrum averaged von Neumann entropy as a function of potential parameter λ, a sharp transition exists at the metal-insulator transition point λc = 2. It is found that the von Neumann entropy is a good quantity to reflect localization and metal-insulator transition.     

Antwort Auf Den Diskussionsbeitrag Von L. Špaček

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Kontamination und Schutz Des Grundwassers in Der Nähe Von Atomkraftwerken

Abstract

The influence of diffusion, dispersion, retardation and their correlation with groundwater velocities, porosity and radioactivity is discussed in relation to nuclear power plants and their potential influence on groundwater pollution.     

Von Neumann’s growth model: Statistical mechanics and biological applications

We review recent work on the statistical mechanics of Von Neumann’s growth model and discuss its application to cellular metabolic networks. In this context, we present a detailed analysis of the physiological scenario underlying optimality à la Von Neumann in the metabolism of the bacterium E. coli, showing that optimal solutions are characterized by a considerable microscopic flexibility accompanied by a robust emergent picture for the key physiological functions. This suggests that the ideas behind optimal economic growth in Von Neumann’s model can be helpful in uncovering functional organization principles of cell energetics.     

Festköurper-Elektronenspektroskopie Von Titanocendithiolat-Komplexen Solid State Electron Spectroscopy of Titanocene Dithiolate Complexes

Electron spectroscopy was carried out in the solid state on dicyclopentadienyl dithiolato Ti derivatives. Although the v.-U.V. spectroscopy is not very sensitive to different substitution on the cyclopentadienyl or ligand system, this method is a powerful and simple means for the test for purity of the organometal dithiolates. This fact is of great importance as many of these compounds show tumor inhibition, and often the toxic decomposition products (e.g. perfluoro diphenyl disulfide or percyano diorganyl disulfide) are difficult to detect in small amounts with standard methods of spectroscopy.     

Von Neumann’s ‘No Hidden Variables’ Proof: A Re-Appraisal

Since the analysis by John Bell in 1965, the consensus in the literature is that von Neumann’s ‘no hidden variables’ proof fails to exclude any significant class of hidden variables. Bell raised the question whether it could be shown that any hidden variable theory would have to be nonlocal, and in this sense ‘like Bohm’s theory.’ His seminal result provides a positive answer to the question. I argue that Bell’s analysis misconstrues von Neumann’s argument. What von Neumann proved was the impossibility of recovering the quantum probabilities from a hidden variable theory of dispersion free (deterministic) states in which the quantum observables are represented as the ‘beables’ of the theory, to use Bell’s term. That is, the quantum probabilities could not reflect the distribution of pre-measurement values of beables, but would have to be derived in some other way, e.g., as in Bohm’s theory, where the probabilities are an artefact of a dynamical process that is not in fact a measurement of any beable of the system.     

Von±(n=0,1,2)的势能函数与光谱常数研究

用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)方法和相对论有效实势(Lanl2dz基组)对Von±(n=0,1,2)分子离子的势能函数及光谱常数进行了分析.结果表明它们都能稳定存在,其基态电子状态分别是:4Σ(VO2-),3Σ(VO-),4Σ(VO),3Σ(VO+)和2Σ(VO2+).其中VO2-和VO2+的势能函数曲线呈"火山口"型, 属于亚稳态分子离子.用七参数Murell-Sorbie势拟合VO2-和VO2+分子亚稳态双原子分子离子势能函数,发现其拟合曲线与势能函数曲线符合得很好.同时,讨论了电荷对势能函数和能级的影响.     

Zur Frage Der Statischen Gleichrichterkennlinie Von Germanium P—N Übergängen

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die gemessene statische Gleichrichterkennlinie von Germanium Flächengleichrichtern mit der Theorie von R. N. Hall verglichen und gewisse Abweichungen festgestellt, welche durch Verunreinigungen des Germaniums verursacht sind.     

A Generalization of the Stone–Von Neumann Theorem to Nonregular Representations of the CCR-Algebra

We give a classification, up to unitary equivalence, of the representations of the C*-algebra of the Canonical Commutation Relations which generalizes the classical Stone–von Neumann Theorem to the case of representations which are strongly measurable, but not necessarily strongly continuous. The classification includes all the (nonregular) representations which have been considered in physical models.     

克里青（Klitzing，Klaus Von，1943-）德国物理学家（Physicist，Germany）

霍耳效应是一种电磁效应。将通有电流的导体或半导体置于与电流方向垂直的磁场中，在垂直于电流和磁场的方向上会产生一横向电场。从霍耳系数的正负和大小可以判断载流子的类型和浓度。霍耳系数与载流子的浓度成反比，半导体的霍耳系数比金属大得多。1980年，克里青发现了量子霍耳效应。他在研究处于超强磁场和超低温度之下硅的金属一氧化物-半导体场效应管的霍耳效应时，观测到霍耳电阻随外加磁场的变化曲线上出现多个平台，其电阻值与半导体材料的种类、器件制造和结构无关，而是取普适值，通过基本物理常量表示为h／ie^2.     

西门子（Siemens，Werner Von，1816-1892）德国发明家（Inventor，Germany）

1847年西门子与哈尔斯克在柏林合伙开设了一家电报机修理店，随后在德国政府的指令下建立了德国第一个柏林至法兰克福的电报系统。1858年在英国建立了西门子兄弟工厂，并改进了许多电报装置。1874年还负责铺设了横跨大西洋的海底电缆。西门子兄弟还建立了庞大的钢铁制造业，提出平炉炼钢法、革新炼钢工艺。     

Analytic approximations of Von Krmn plate under arbitrary uniform pressure—equations in integral form

Analytic approximations of the Von Krmn's plate equations in integral form for a circular plate under external uniform pressure to arbitrary magnitude are successfully obtained by means of the homotopy analysis method(HAM), an analytic approximation technique for highly nonlinear problems. Two HAM-based approaches are proposed for either a given external uniform pressure Q or a given central deflection, respectively. Both of them are valid for uniform pressure to arbitrary magnitude by choosing proper values of the so-called convergence-control parameters c_1 and c_2 in the frame of the HAM. Besides, it is found that the HAMbased iteration approaches generally converge much faster than the interpolation iterative method. Furthermore, we prove that the interpolation iterative method is a special case of the first-order HAM iteration approach for a given external uniform pressure Q when c_1 =.θ and c_2 =-1, where θ denotes the interpolation iterative parameter. Therefore, according to the convergence theorem of Zheng and Zhou about the interpolation iterative method, the HAM-based approaches are valid for uniform pressure to arbitrary magnitude at least in the special case c_1 =.θ and c_2 =-1. In addition, we prove that the HAM approach for the Von Krmn's plate equations in differential form is just a special case of the HAM for the Von Krmn's plate equations in integral form mentioned in this paper. All of these illustrate the validity and great potential of the HAM for highly nonlinear problems,and its superiority over perturbation techniques.     

Kurze Originalmitteilungen: Untersuchungen zum Adsorptions-Desorptions-Verhalten Von an Al2O3 in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur

The quantity of silver in districts of blackening of the autoradiograms is determined by means of the X-ray spectral microprobe analyzer MS-46 “Cameca”. The experiments were made by applying ⁶³Ni. A calibration chart allows to determine the distribution coefficients of Ni in different phases and some examples show the usefulness of this suggested technique.

Die Menge an Silber in Schwärzungsbereichen von Autoradiogrammen wurde mit Hilfe einer Röntgenspektral-Mikrosonde MS-46 "Cameca" bestimmt. Die Versuche wurden init dem Radionuklid ⁶³Ni ausgeführt. Ein Eichdiagramm erlaubt die Bestimmung von Verteilungskoeffizienlen des Ni in unlerschiedlichen phasen, was an einigen Beispielen gezeigt wird, um die Brauchbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Technik zu demonstrieren.     

Von mises- and crocco-type hydrodynamical transformations: Order reduction of nonlinear equations,construction of Bäcklund transformations and of new integrable equations

Broad classes of nonlinear equations of mathematical physics are described that admit order reduction by applying the von Mises transformation (with the unknown function used as a new independent variable and with a suitable partial derivative used as a new dependent variable) and by applying the Crocco transformation (with the first and second partial derivatives used as new independent and dependent variables, respectively). Associated Bäcklund transformations are constructed that connect evolution equations of general form (their special cases include Burgers, Korteweg-de Vries, and Harry Dym type equations and many other nonlinear equations of mathematical physics). Transformations are indicated that reduce the order of hydrodynamic-type equations of higher orders. The generalized Calogero equation and a number of other new integrable nonlinear equations, reducible to linear equations, are considered.