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1.
D. Ranjan P. Srivastava M. Talat S. H. Hasan 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2009,158(3):524-539
The potential use of biomass of Aeromonas hydrophila for biosorption of chromium from aqueous solution was investigated. The variables (pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration, biomass
dose, and temperature) affecting process were optimized by performing minimum number of experimental runs with the help of
central composite design. The results predicted by design were found to be in good agreement (R
2 = 99.1%) with those obtained by performing experiments. Multiple regression analysis shows that uptake decreases with increase
in pH and biomass dose, whereas it increases with increase in temperature and concentration. The maximum removal of Cr(VI)
predicted by contour and optimization plots was 184.943 mg/g at pH 1.5, initial Cr(VI) concentration 311.97 mg/L, temperature
60 °C, and biomass dose 1.0 g. The removal of Cr(VI) was governed by adsorption of Cr(VI) as well as its reduction into Cr(III),
which further gets adsorbed. The sorption capacity of biomass was calculated from experimental data using Langmuir sorption
model and was found to be 151.50 mg/g at 40 °C and pH 1.5, which is comparable to other biosorbents. In addition to this,
Dubinin–Radushkevich model was applied, and it was found that nature of sorption was chemisorption. 相似文献
2.
Sorption of thorium (IV) on goethite was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, anions, solid-to-liquid
ratio (m/V) and Th(IV) concentration using batch technique. The results showed that the sorption of Th(IV) was strong pH-dependence,
and increased from ~10 to ~100% over the pH range of 2.0–4.0, and then kept a constant level in the higher pH range. The sorption
of Th(IV) increased with increasing m/V and independent of ionic strength. It was clear that phosphate and FA significantly enhanced Th(IV) sorption on goethite.
The sorption and desorption isotherms were investigated at pH 2.90 ± 0.05 and analyzed with Freundlich and Langmuir models,
respectively. Compared to Langmuir model, Freundlich model could fit the experimental data better, according to the high relative
coefficients. 相似文献
3.
Mariana Reategui Holger Maldonado Martha Ly Eric Guibal 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2010,162(3):805-822
Lessonia nigrescens and Lessonia trabeculata kelps have been tested for the sorption of mercury from aqueous solutions. A pretreatment (using CaCl2) allowed stabilizing the biomass that was very efficient for removing Hg(II) at pH 6–7. Sorption isotherms were described
by the Langmuir equation with sorption capacities close to 240–270 mg Hg g−1 at pH 6. The temperature had a negligible effect on the distribution of the metal at equilibrium. The presence of chloride
anions had a more marked limiting impact than sulfate and nitrate anions. The uptake kinetics were modeled using the pseudo-second-order
equation that fitted better experimental data than the pseudo-first-order equation. The particle size hardly influenced sorption
isotherms and uptake kinetics, indicating that sorption occurs in the whole mass of the biosorbent and that intraparticle
mass transfer resistance was not the limiting rate. Varying the sorbent dosage and the initial metal concentration influenced
the equilibrium, but the kinetic parameters were not drastically modified. Metal can be eluted with hydrochloric acid, citric
acid, or acidic KI solutions. 相似文献
4.
Yolda Seki Kadir Yurdako 《Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects》2009,340(1-3):143-148
Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic aspects of sorption of Promethazine hydrochloride (PHCl) onto iron rich smectite (IRS) from aqueous solution were investigated. The effect of pH on sorption of PHCl onto IRS was also found out. Experimental data were evaluated by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Raduschkevich (DR) isotherm equations. Freundlich and DR equations provided better compatibility than Langmuir equation. Besides, it was determined that the maximum sorption of PHCl takes place at about pH 5. From kinetic studies, it was obtained that sorption kinetics follow pseudo-second-order kinetic model for PHCl sorption onto IRS. When thermodynamic studies are concerned, the values of activation energy (Ea), ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were obtained. ΔG° values are in the range of −8.84 and −9.45 kJ mol−1 indicating spontaneous nature of physisorption. The negative value of the ΔH° (−3.20 kJ mol−1) indicates exothermic nature of adsorption. FTIR analysis and SEM observations of IRS and PHCl adsorbed IRS were also carried out. Sorption experiments indicate that IRS may be used effectively for the adsorption of PHCl. 相似文献
5.
Liqiang Tan Yeling Jin Xiaochun Cheng Jie Wu Wei Zhou Liangdong Feng 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,290(3):575-585
Batch sorption experiments were performed to remove Eu(III) ions from aqueous solutions by using attapulgite under ambient
conditions. Different experimental conditions, such as contact time, solid content, foreign ions, pH, ionic strength, fulvic
acid and temperature, have been investigated to study their effect on the sorption property. The results indicated that the
sorption of Eu(III) onto attapulgite was strongly dependent on pH, ionic strength and temperature. The sorption increased
from about 8.9 to 90% at pH ranging from 2 to 6 in 0.01 mol/L NaNO3 solution. The Eu(III) kinetic sorption on attapulgite was fitted by the pseudo-second-order model better than by the pseudo-first-order
model. The sorption of Eu(III) onto attapulgite increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ionic strength. The Langmuir
and Freundlich models were used to simulate the sorption isotherms, and the results indicated that the Freundlich model simulated
the data better than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G
o, ∆S
o, ∆H
o) were determined from the temperature dependent isotherms at 298.15, 318.15 and 338.15 K, and the results indicated that
the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results suggest that the attapulgite is a suitable material
as an adsorbent for preconcentration and immobilization of Eu(III) from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
6.
Delhomme O Raeppel C Teigné D Briand O Millet M 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,399(3):1325-1334
To measure dermal exposure of a non-agricultural occupationally exposed population to pesticides, a new method has been developed
for analysis of 13 pesticides from different classes (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides) on dermal patches. The method
includes extraction of the patches and analysis of the pesticides by GC–MS and/or HPLC–fluorescence. Water-soluble pesticides
(glyphosate and glufosinate) on patches were ultrasonically extracted twice with ultra-pure water for 10 min and analysed
by HPLC–fluorescence after derivatisation with FMOC. Organic-soluble pesticides (bifenthrin, cyprodinil, difufenicanil, fludioxonil,
oxadiazon, pyriproxyfen, clopyralid, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, 2,4-MCPA, and triclopyr) were extracted ultrasonically twice for 10 min
with 70:30 dichloromethane–acetonitrile and analysed by GC–MS directly or after derivatisation with N-methyl-N-tert-butyldimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide. Detection limits varied between 3 and 4 μg L−1 for water-soluble pesticides and between 1 and 10 μg L−1 for organic-soluble pesticides. 相似文献
7.
Ľ. Vrtoch M. Pipíška M. Horník J. Augustín J. Lesný 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(3):853-862
In order to gain biosorbent that would have the ability to bind cesium ions from water solution effectively, potassium nickel
hexacyanoferrate(II) (KNiFC) was incorporated into the mushroom biomass of Agaricus bisporus. Cesium sorption by KNIFC-modified A. bisporus biosorbent was observed in batch system, using radiotracer technique using 137Cs radioisotope. Kinetic study showed that the cesium sorption was quite rapid and sorption equilibrium was attained within
1 h. Sorption kinetics of cesium was well described by pseudo-second order kinetics. Sorption equilibrium was the best described
by Freundlich isotherm and the distribution coefficient was at interval 7,662–159 cm3 g−1. Cesium sorption depended on initial pH of solution. Cesium sorption was very low at pH0 1.0–3.0. At initial pH 11.0, maximum sorption of cesium was found. Negative effect of monovalent (K+, Na+, NH4
+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) cations on cesium sorption was observed. Desorption experiments showed that 0.1 M potassium chloride is the most suitable
desorption agent but the complete desorption of cesium ions from KNiFC-modifed biosorbent was not achieved. 相似文献
8.
Yuying Zhang Haogui Zhao Qiaohui Fan Xiaobei Zheng Ping Li Shengping Liu Wangsuo Wu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(2):395-404
Sorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution to decarbonated calcareous soil (DCS) was studied under ambient conditions using batch
technique. Soil samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM in detail and the effects of pH, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V), temperature, contact time, fulvic acid (FA), CO2 and carbonates on U(VI) sorption to calcareous soil were also studied in detail using batch technique. The results from experimental
techniques showed that sorption of U(VI) on DCS was significantly influenced by pH values of the aqueous phase, indicating
a formation of inner-sphere complexes at solid–liquid interface, and increased with increasing temperature, suggesting the
sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Compared to Freundlich model, sorption of U(VI) to DCS was simulated better
with Langmuir model. The sorption equilibrium could be quickly achieved within 5 h, and sorption results fitted pseudo-second-order
model well. The presence of FA in sorption system enhanced U(VI) sorption at low pH and reduced U(VI) sorption at high pH
values. In absence of FA, the sorption of U(VI) onto DCS was an irreversible process, while the presence of FA reinforced
the U(VI) desorption process reversible. The presence of CO2 decreased U(VI) sorption largely at pH >8, which might due to a weakly adsorbable formation of Ca2UO2(CO3)3 complex in aqueous phase. 相似文献
9.
M. Galamboš J. Kufčáková P. Rajec 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,281(3):347-357
Sorption of Sr on five Slovak bentonites of deposits has been studied with the use of batch technique. In the experiments
there have been used natural, chemically modified and irradiated samples, in three different kinds of grain size. The pH influence
on sorption of strontium on bentonites, pH change after sorption and influence of competitive ions have been studied. Distribution
ratios have been determined for bentonite–strontium solution system as a function of contact time, pH and sorbate concentration.
The data have been interpreted in term of Langmuir isotherm. The uptake of Sr has been rapid and the sorption of strontium
has increased by increasing pH. The percentage sorption has decreased with increasing metal concentrations. The pH value after
sorption for the natrificated forms of bentonite starts already in the alkaline area and moves to the higher values. For the
natural bentonites the values occur in the neutral or in the acidic area. Sorption of Sr has been suppressed by presence of
competitive cations as follows: Ba2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > NH4
+ > K+ > Na+. By sorption on natrificated samples colloidal particles and pH value increase have been formed. The bentonite exposure as
a result of interaction of γ-rays has led to expansion of the specific surface, increasing of the sorption capacity and to
the change in the solubility of the clay materials. 相似文献
10.
Wang Mingming Xie Hongqin Tan Liqiang Qiu Jun Tao Xingquan Wu Cuiping 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(2):763-770
Herein, the sorption properties of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite were performed by using batch sorption experiments under different
experimental conditions, such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, humic acid and temperatures. The results indicated that
the sorption of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite was strongly dependent on pH and temperature. At low pH values, the sorption of
Eu(III) was influenced by ionic strength, whereas the sorption was not affected by ionic strength at high pH values. The sorption
of Eu(III) was mainly dominated by ion exchange or outer-sphere surface complexation at low pH values, and by inner-sphere
surface complexation or surface precipitation at high pH values. The sorption of Eu(III) onto Na-attapulgite increased with
increasing temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to simulate the sorption isotherms, and the results
indicated that the Langmuir model simulated the sorption isotherms better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters
(∆G
o, ∆S
o, ∆H
o) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms at 293, 313 and 333 K, respectively, and the results indicated
that the uptake of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results of high Eu(III) sorption
capacity on Na-attapulgite suggest that the attapulgite is a suitable material for the preconcentration and immobilization
of Eu(III) ions from large volumes of aqueous solutions. 相似文献
11.
S. A. Perevalov N. P. Molochnikova 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2009,281(3):603-608
The sorption of Pu(IV), polymeric Pu(IV), Pu(V) and Pu(VI) from the 0.1 M NaClO4 solution onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes was investigated. The kinetic study of the sorption process have shown that the
polymeric Pu(IV) has the highest sorption rate, while decrease of sorption rate for plutonium aqua-ions in the order Pu(VI) > Pu(IV) > Pu(V)
was found. Strong dependence of sorption kinetics of ionic plutonium species on pH was shown, in contrast to polymeric species,
that were shown to quantitatively sorb (99%) in the wide pH range (pH 2–10). Two different sorption mechanisms for ionic and
polymeric plutonium species were proposed: on the bases of sorption isotherms chemisorptions of plutonium aqua-ions onto carbon
nanotubes and through intermolecular interaction for the polymeric plutonium species was defined. Distribution coefficients
of plutonium in various oxidation states were found to increase with pH, showing the highest values for polymeric plutonium
sorption (K
d
= 2.4 × 105 mL g−1 at pH = 6). 相似文献
12.
Batch experiments aimed at the sorption of Pb(II) onto peat were performed from an aqueous solution in both the absence and
presence of common complexing agents (acetate or citrate). The influence of the initial pH of the solution, metal ion concentration
and contact time on the sorption efficiency of Pb(II) was examined at ambient temperature (18 ± 0.5) °C for each experiment.
The results showed that the presence of acetate improved the efficiency of the sorption process, while the presence of citrate
in the aqueous solution decreased the efficiency of the Pb(II) sorption onto peat. The equilibrium data fitted well with the
Langmuir isotherm model and confirmed the monolayer sorption of uncomplexed and complexed Pb(II) species onto peat. The values
of maximum sorption capacities (q
max) were 135.13 mg g−1 for Pb(II) complexed with acetate, q > 79.36 mg g−1 for uncomplexed Pb, q > 38.46 mg g−1 for Pb(II) complexed with citrate. The kinetics of Pb(II) sorption onto peat, in both the absence and presence of complexing
agents, indicated a pseudosecond order mechanism. Analysis of IR spectra showed that carboxylic and hydroxyl groups had an
important role in the binding process of Pb(II) species onto peat. 相似文献
13.
Abdelhakim Kadous Mohamed Amine Didi Didier Villemin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(2):553-561
Removal of uranium(VI) ions from acetate medium in aqueous solution was investigated using Lewatit TP260 (weakly acidic, macroporous-type
ion exchange resin with chelating aminomethylphosphonic functional groups) in batch system. The parameters that affect the
uranium(VI) sorption, such as contact time, solution pH, initial uranium(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature
have been investigated. Results have been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm; the former was more suitable to describe
the sorption process. The moving boundary particle diffusion model only fits the initial metal adsorption on the resin. The
rate constant for the uranium sorption by Lewatit TP260 was 0.441 min−1 from the first order rate equation. The total sorption capacity was found to be 58.33 mg g−1 under optimum experimental conditions. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH = 61.74 kJ/mol; ΔS = 215.3 J/mol K; ΔG = −2.856 kJ/mol) showed the adsorption of an endothermic process and spontaneous nature, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Efficient uranium(VI) biosorption on grapefruit peel: kinetic study and thermodynamic parameters 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The uranium(VI) biosorption by grapefruit peel was studied from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments was conducted to evaluate
the effect of contact time, initial uranium(VI) concentration, initial pH, adsorbent dose, salt concentration and temperature.
The equilibrium process was well described by the Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson and Koble–Corrigan isotherm models, with maximum
sorption capacity of 140.79 mg g−1 at 298 K. The pseudo second order model and Elovish model adequately describe the kinetic data in comparison to the pseudo
first order model and the process involving rate-controlling step is much complex involving both boundary layer and intra-particle
diffusion processes. The effective diffusion parameter D
i and D
f values were estimated at different initial concentration and the average values were determined to be 1.167 × 10−7 and 4.078 × 10−8 cm2 s−1. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the biosorption of uranium(VI) onto grapefruit peel biomass was feasible, spontaneous
and endothermic under studied conditions. The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent were determined by SEM, TG-DSC,
XRD and elemental analysis and the nature of biomass–uranium (VI) interactions was evaluated by FTIR analysis, which showed
the participation of COOH, OH and NH2 groups in the biosorption process. Adsorbents could be regenerated using 0.05 mol L−1 HCl solution at least three cycles, with up to 80% recovery. Thus, the biomass used in this work proved to be effective materials
for the treatment of uranium (VI) bearing aqueous solutions. 相似文献
15.
Tanveer Hussain Bokhari A. Mushtaq Islam Ullah Khan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,285(2):389-398
In this work, sorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solution to goethite as a function of various water quality parameters and temperature
was investigated. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order rate equation fitted the kinetic sorption well. The sorption
of Ni(II) to goethite was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. A positive effect of HA/FA on Ni(II) sorption was found
at pH < 8.0, whereas a negative effect was observed at pH > 8.0. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and D-R models were applied to
simulate the sorption isotherms at three different temperatures of 293.15 K, 313.15 K and 333.15 K. The thermodynamic parameters
(ΔH
0, ΔS
0 and ΔG
0) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption, and the results indicated that the sorption was endothermic and
spontaneous. At low pH, the sorption of Ni(II) was dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation or ion exchange with Na+/H+ on goethite surfaces, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH. 相似文献
16.
Myung Ho Lee Euo Chang Jung Kyuseok Song Yun Hee Han Hyun Sang Shin 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,287(2):639-645
This work investigates the sorption of americium [Am(III)] onto kaolinite and the influence of humic acid (HA) as a function
of pH (3–11). It has been studied by batch experiments (V/m = 250:1 mL/g, C
Am(III) = 1 × 10−5 mol/L, C
HA = 50 mg/L). Results showed that the Am(III) sorption onto the kaolinite in the absence of HA was typical, showing increases
with pH and a distinct adsorption edge at pH 3–5. However in the presence of HA, Am sorption to kaolinite was significantly
affected. HA was shown to enhance Am sorption in the acidic pH range (pH 3–4) due to the formation of additional binding sites
for Am coming from HA adsorbed onto kaolinite surface, but reduce Am sorption in the intermediate and high pH above 6 due
to the formation of aqueous Am-humate complexes. The results on the ternary interaction of kaolinite–Am–HA are compared with
those on the binary system of kaolinite–HA and kaolinite–Am and adsorption mechanism with pH are discussed. Effect of different
molecular weight of HA, with three HA fractions separated by ultrafiltration techniques, on the Am sorption to kaolinite were
also studied. The results showed that the enhancement of the sorption of Am onto kaolinite at the acidic pH conditions (pH
3–4) was higher with HA fractions of higher molecular weight. Also, the Am sorption over a pH range from 6 to 10 decreased
with decreasing molecular weight of HA. 相似文献
17.
Weigang Du Xuemei Liu Liqiang Tan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(3):1173-1179
Attapulgite has been applied in the sorption of metal and radionuclide ions since its discovery. Herein, radionuclide Am(III)
sorption onto attapulgite was carried out at 25 °C in 0.01 mol/L NaNO3 solutions. Effects of contact time, Am(III) initial concentration, pH, humic acid and temperature on Am(III) sorption onto
attapulgite were investigated. The sorption of Am(III) increases with increasing contact time and reaches a maximum value
within 24 h at different Am(III) initial concentration. The fast sorption velocity indicates that strong chemical sorption
or strong surface complexation contributes to the sorption of Am(III) onto attapulgite under the experimental conditions.
The experimental data can be described well by the pseudo-second-order rate model. The sorption of Am(III) onto attapulgite
is strongly dependent on pH values and surface complexation is the main sorption mechanism. The presence of HA enhances the
sorption of Am(III) onto attapulgite at pH < 8.5, whereas, at pH > 8.5, little effect of HA on Am(III) sorption is observed.
The Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R models were used to simulate the sorption data at different pH values and the results indicated
that Langmuir model simulates the experimental data better than Freundlich and D-R models. The thermodynamic parameters indicates
that the sorption of Am(III) onto attapulgite is an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results suggest that the attapulgite
is a suitable material as an adsorbent for preconcentration and immobilization of Am(III) from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
18.
In this work, Na-montmorillonite was used as a novel adsorbent for the sorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The sorption
and desorption of Ni(II) on Na-montmorillonite was investigated as the function of pH, ionic strength, Ni(II) concentrations
and temperature. The results indicated that the sorption of Ni(II) on Na-montmorillonite was strongly dependent on pH, ionic
strength and temperature. The sorption of Ni(II) increases slowly from 22.1 to 51.4% at pH range 2–6.5, abruptly at pH 6.5–9,
and at last maintains high level with increasing pH at pH > 9 in 0.1 mol/L NaNO3 solutions. The Ni(II) kinetic sorption on Na-montmorillonite was fitted by the pseudo-second-order model better than by the
pseudo-first-order model and the experimental data implies that Ni(II) sorption on montmorillonite were mainly controlled
by the film diffusion mechanism. The Langmuir, Freundlich and D–R models were used to simulate the sorption data at three
different temperatures (298.15, 318.15 and 338.15 K) and the results indicated that Langmuir model simulates the experimental
data better than Freundlich and D–R models. The sorption–desorption isotherm of Ni(II) on montmorillonite suggested that the
sorption is irreversible. The irreversible sorption of Ni(II) on montmorillonite indicates that montmorillonite can be used
to pre-concentration and solidification of Ni(II) from large volumes of solution and to storage Ni(II) ions stably. 相似文献
19.
The sorption properties are reported for chitosan and its cross-linked forms (chitosan-glutaraldehyde; CG) with some model agrochemical sorbates [pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba and carbofuran]. The CG cross-linked materials were prepared at variable C:G monomer mole ratios: 1:0.5 (CG1), 1:1 (CG2), (CG3). The sorbents were characterized using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and a dye sorption method using phenolphthalein. The sorption studies were carried out in aqueous solution at pH 9 except for dicamba and carbofuran (pH 7). The isotherm results were evaluated by the Sips, Freundlich, and Langmuir models. The Sips model provided the “best-fit” results where the sorption capacity increased as the cross-linker content of the CG materials increased. The relative uptake for chitosan and its cross-linked forms adopted the following order: PCP > 2,4-DCP > 2,4-D. In the case of dicamba and carbofuran, the former had a higher sorptive uptake. The variable uptake of the sorbates were attributed to their relative lipophilicity where the main driving force of these solid-solution systems relates to hydrophobic effects, in accordance with the tunable physicochemical properties of the chitosan sorbent materials. 相似文献
20.
Theodora J. Stewart Jean-Huei Yau Mary M. Allen Daniel J. Brabander Nolan T. Flynn 《Colloid and polymer science》2009,287(9):1033-1040
Chronic exposure to Pb2+ above the 15-μg/L US Environmental Protection Agency action level for drinking water has been shown to cause a host of health
problems in humans. Thus, it is important to study new methods available for the treatment and removal of Pb2+ from drinking water and wastewater, where elevated levels of heavy metals are found. Alginate-based beads represent one such
possible method for heavy metal removal. The impact of alginate density on the equilibrium and kinetics of Pb2+ sorption onto hydrogel beads was investigated using Ca-alginate beads ranging from 1% to 8% (w/v) and exposed to Pb2+ concentrations ranging from 100 to 1,000 mg/L. When Ca-alginate beads were characterized using Fourier transform infrared
analysis, the carboxylic acid groups of the mannuronate and guluronate residues in alginate were the primary functional groups
that interacted with Pb2+. Hydration of Ca-alginate beads was also examined and found to decrease as Ca-alginate density increased. A positive correlation
was observed between Ca-alginate hydration and Pb2+ sorption. Sorption of Pb2+ was fast, reaching equilibrium after approximately 4 h, and is well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Maximum
sorption capacities for 1%, 4%, and 8% beads were 500 ± 100, 360 ± 30, and 240 ± 20 mg/g (dry weight), respectively. The kinetics
of sorption were best described by the pseudo-second-order Lagergren model, with rate constants determined as 3.2 ± 0.1 × 10−4, 1.0 ± 0.1 × 10−4, and 1.6 ± 0.1 × 10−4 g mg−1 min−1 for 1%, 4%, and 8% beads, respectively. 相似文献