D2受激拉曼散射产生的紫外激光用于O3差分吸收激光雷达的研究

脉冲Nd∶YAG四倍频激光(266nm)泵浦D2的受激拉曼散射第二级斯托克斯光(316.39nm)用作O3差分吸收激光雷达的λoff。为研究D2的受激拉曼散射效应和定量解释其物理机制作了一系列的实验。通过调节泵浦能量和气体压强,得到了各级散射光的能量转换效率,找到了第二级斯托克斯光的优化条件。     

KrF激光泵浦H2受激拉曼放大

利用KrF激光泵浦高压H_2,在同轴前向的受激拉曼散射(SRS)作用下,产生受激拉曼放大,1阶Stokes光对泵浦光的转换效率为17.2％,并对影响放大过程和转换效率的若干因素作了分析。     

皮秒激光抽运高压H2的受激拉曼散射研究

利用NdYAG锁模序列脉冲激光(1064nm)抽运充有高压H2的拉曼池,输出光束经棱镜分光后投射在屏上,在可见光及近紫外光区用彩色胶卷摄得15个受激拉曼散射光斑;经1m光栅摄谱仪摄谱,在365-605nm波长范围内得到65条受激拉曼谱线.通过实验结果与理论计算值的比较,证明除了H2的振动拉曼频移量4154.6cm-1外,还有多个振动及转动拉曼频移量共同参与作用,从而产生了从紫外到红外众多波长的受激拉曼散射光.     

非线性拉曼激光雷达测量CO2气体的研究

提出了利用气体的受激拉曼散射(SRS)效应激光雷达光源来探测大气中的CO2气体的新方法,设计出探测大气中CO2气体含量的非线性拉曼增益激光雷达,用Nd:YAG激光器(1064 nm)的三倍频光(354.7 nm)通过分别装有CO2气体和N2气体的拉曼管,分别得到CO2气体和N2气体的受激拉曼散射的一阶斯托克斯线(S1),并用S1线作为雷达的种子发射光源.通过实验得到拉曼管中的气压与S1能量的变化关系,对其优化条件和物理机制进行了分析.该实验方法已经成功测出了大气中CO2气体的回波电压信号.     

碘激光的H2振动受激拉曼阈值研究

首次实现了脉冲光解碘激光作为基频光的氢气振动受激拉曼变频,对碘激光的波长转换有着重要意义。在碘激光单脉冲能量100~130 mJ(脉宽100 ns)的条件下, 采用双次聚焦技术降低了高压氢气的振动受激拉曼变频的阈值,获得了波长为2900 nm中红外激光,光子转化效率最高达到8.7%。实验发现当拉曼介质氢气气压大于1 MPa后,一级斯托克斯光的拉曼转化效率不再随气压变化,并对这一现象进行了理论分析和归属。     

YbVO4晶体的受激拉曼散射

采用腔外单次通过方式,研究了一种新型晶体YbVO₄的受激拉曼散射.当抽运激光为532 nm皮秒脉冲时获得了3级斯托克斯线(558.47 nm, 587.92 nm, 620.67 nm)和1级反斯托克斯线(507.58 nm),测得YbVO₄晶体1级斯托克斯受激拉曼散射的稳态增益系数为17.8±0.2 cm/GW,受激拉曼散射的整体转换效率达到37%.实现了YbVO₄晶体对355 nm皮秒激光的受激拉曼散射,观察到1级斯托克斯线(366.1 关键词： 受激拉曼散射 稳态增益系数 转换效率 4晶体')" href="#">YbVO₄晶体     

不同波长激光激发下C6H12受激拉曼散射模式竞争

发现不同波长激光激发下C₆H₁₂的受激拉曼散射模式竞争现象. 在不同波长的激光激发下，不同拉曼模式的Stokes光占优势. 短波长(404，532nm)激光激发时小频移模式ω₁(802cm^-1)为弱增益模式，大频移模式ω₂(2852—3038cm^-1)为强增益模， 主要产生ω₂模式的Stokes光. 长波长(80 关键词： 模式竞争 6H₁₂')" href="#">C₆H₁₂ 受激拉曼散射     

H_2、D_2及H_2/D_2混合气体受激拉曼特性研究

受激拉曼散射是扩展激光波长的重要方法,但是气体中非线性光学过程对受激拉曼光的影响非常复杂,实验研究受激拉曼光与气体气压及拉曼池耦合透镜焦距的关系是实际应用受激拉曼光的重要手段。设计了受激拉曼实验装置及其测量系统,采用Nd:YAG激光器的四倍频激光266 nm作为抽运源,活性气体(H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体)分别被密封在长为100 cm的拉曼管中,输出的拉曼激光由棱镜分光后用能量计采集保存用以研究拉曼散射特性。给出了H2、D2及H2/D2混合气体的各级Stokes和反Stokes受激拉曼激光能量与气体气压及透镜焦距的关系。获得了217.84~447.15 nm之间的12条激光谱线,有效地扩展了拉曼激光的应用范围。研究结果对气体受激拉曼光的实际应用具有十分重要的价值。     

弱磁化等离子体中受激拉曼散射和受激布里渊散射抑制研究

本文针对典型激光聚变等离子体参数条件,利用动理学粒子模拟程序研究横向磁场和激光带宽在抑制受激拉曼散射(SRS)和受激布里渊散射(SBS)中的作用。模拟发现横向磁场对非均匀等离子体中SRS的非线性自共振增强有显著抑制作用,分析认为横向磁场作用于SRS激发的电子等离子体波(EPW)势阱中的俘获电子,使它们在横向上加速,对EPW造成非线性阻尼,同时减小EPW的非线性频移量,从而缩窄非均匀等离子体中SRS的自共振空间,极大降低SRS反射率。在此基础上利用横向磁场抑制SRS的特性,以及SBS增长对激光带宽的敏感性,提出了利用横向磁场和宽带激光将SRS和SBS同时抑制在低反射率水平的方案。在采用数十特斯拉横向磁场和实验中易于达到的千分之一量级的激光带宽时以及慢性约束聚变(ICF)相关参数下,SBS和SRS的反射率都得到了有效抑制。     

受激拉曼散射对非线性介质波导的时空不稳定性影响

基于非线性包络方程我们研究了平面非线性介质波导中的时空不稳定性,得到了有拉曼散射效应情形下不稳定性调制的增益谱的表达式.结果表明在正常和反常两种群速度色散情形下,拉曼散射效应都会导致出现新的不稳定性区域,并且使原有的每一个谱分量的增益上升从而使谱的范围扩大.并通过分析反常色散情况下四种不同函数分布的非线性色散介质系数对不稳定性增益谱的影响,得到呈双曲函数分布的非线性色散介质最为理想.     

Capability of Raman lidar for monitoring the variation of atmospheric CO2 profile

Lidar （Light detection and ranging） has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO2 in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.     

Capability of Raman lidar for monitoring the variation of atmospheric CO2 profile

Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO$_{2}$ in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.     

绝对探测大气温度的纯转动拉曼激光雷达系统

纯转动拉曼激光雷达是探测大气温度廓线的重要手段之一,其正常工作需要配置其他并行校正设备,制约其在气象及环境监测领域中的实用化进程.基于大气氮气分子的纯转动拉曼谱型对温度的依赖性,提出并设计了绝对探测大气温度廓线的纯转动拉曼激光雷达系统.系统采用波长532 nm且脉冲能量300 m J的激光激励源和口径250 mm卡塞格林望远镜的接收器,设计了衍射光栅和光纤Bragg光栅结合的多通道并行纯转动拉曼光谱分光系统;仿真分析氮气和氧气分子的纯转动拉曼散射谱线间关系,优化选择了6条氮气分子的纯转动拉曼谱线以直接反演大气温度,设计了两级滤光器间转接光纤阵列的结构;基于最小二乘原理推导了绝对探测大气温度的反演算法,并结合标准大气模型,分析了纯转动拉曼激光雷达绝对探测大气温度的探测性能.结果表明,所设计纯转动拉曼激光雷达系统可直接反演大气温度廓线,在测量时间17 min内,温度偏差小于0.5 K的探测高度达2.0 km.     

Accurate temperature profiling of the atmospheric boundary layer using an ultraviolet rotational Raman lidar

An ultraviolet rotational Raman lidar (RRL) system at an eye-safe wavelength of 354.7 nm is demonstrated for profiling the vertical temperature of the atmospheric layer. Two sets of narrow-band interference filters, which central wavelengths are located at 353.9 and 352.5 nm, respectively, are employed to block the elastic Mie- and Rayleigh-scattering signals and to separate two required rotational Raman signals for temperature retrieval. Experiments were carried out for verifying the feasibility of the prototype of the ultraviolet RRL from May to November in 2008, and the system calibrations were performed with the radiosonde data which were obtain from the local meteorological bureau, and good agreements were got in the experiment results. The observation results show that a statistical temperature error of less then 1 K was obtained up to the heights of 2.5 km for nighttime and 2.0 km for daytime with 300 mJ laser energy and ∼8 min observation time.     

探测大气中CO2的Raman激光雷达

基于大气激光后向散射光谱，研究和设计了探测大气CO₂浓度的Raman激光雷达,其发射机采用Nd∶YAG激光的三倍频354.7nm作为工作波长,发射的单脉冲能量350mJ,重复频率20Hz；接收机采用了光电倍增管(量子效率25%)和光子计数器(计数速率200MHz),探测CO₂的Raman散射371.66nm(频移1285cm^-1)信号,(1小时累加)近地面2.5km以内信噪比不小于8.采用组合滤光片来抑制强的354.7nm Mie-Rayleigh后向散射和氧气375.4nm Raman后向散射对信号的严重干扰. 比较分别来自大气CO₂和参考气体N₂的Raman后向散射回波,可反演出大气中CO₂的相对浓度. 关键词： 大气光学 激光雷达 Raman散射光谱 参考气体 Mie-Rayleigh散射     

A pure rotational Raman lidar using double-grating monochromator for temperature profile detection

A pure rotational Raman lidar is constructed for measurements of vertical temperature profiles of atmosphere. A fiber-coupled, double-grating monochromator is used as the filter system so that a high spectral resolution of <0.23 nm and an out-of-band rejection rate of 10⁷ are achieved. Comparison with in-situ measurements indicates that the accuracy of atmospheric temperature measurements using this lidar system is better than 1.1 K up to an altitude of 10 km. Different effects on signal accuracy resulting from various noise sources are analyzed and uncertainties in temperature due to detection noises are estimated.     

A detection of atmospheric relative humidity profile by UV Raman lidar

A new spectroscopic filter constructed with a high-spectral-resolution grating and two narrow-band mirrors is designed to separate the elastic scattering and the vibrational Raman scattering spectra in an ultraviolet (UV) Raman lidar system. The density of humidity and water vapor mixing ratio are calculated from the vibrational Raman scattering signals of N₂ and H₂O. Water vapor mixing ratio is retrieved from this development. With this measured water vapor mixing ratio, the relative humidity is calculated with atmospheric temperature profile obtained by another Raman temperature lidar. Preliminary experiments and comparison results between lidar and radiosonde showed that the UV Raman lidar system has the capability for profiling the water vapor mixing ratio up to a height of 2 km with less than 10% of the uncertainty under the conditions of laser energy of 300 mJ and signal-averaging time of 10 min.     

合肥上空大气二氧化碳Raman激光雷达探测研究

Raman激光雷达是用于大气成分探测与特性研究的有效工具.介绍了中科院安徽光学精密机械研究所自行研制的一台用于测量低对流层大气CO2时空分布的Raman激光雷达系统,并进行了一系列观测实验和对比分析.系统选用波长355nm的紫外激光作为光源,利用光子计数卡双通道采集大气中N2和CO2的Raman后向散射信号与Li-7500型H2O/CO2分析仪进行对比标定,通过反演获得了大气CO2水平与垂直方向时空分布廓线,并且获得了合肥地区大气边界层CO2的夜变化趋势.结果表明,大气CO2在空间的分布相对均匀,Raman激光雷达与CO2分析仪变化趋势一致性较好,能够对大气CO2时空分布进行有效、连续的观测.     

基于拉曼激光雷达的大气三相态水同步精细探测分光系统的设计与仿真分析

水是惟一具有三相态的大气参数,三相态水的分布研究对认识云微物理、云降水物理以及人工影响天气过程具有重要的科学意义.在大气三相态水的拉曼激光雷达探测技术中,需首先解决三相态水的高光谱分光技术,以保证对回波信号的精细提取和高信噪比探测.考虑到水汽、液态水和固态水的拉曼光谱特性,本文首先通过理论仿真详细探讨了各拉曼通道中滤光片的选型参数对三相态水光谱重叠特性和探测信噪比的影响;并针对两者无法同时取得最优解的情况,提出了利用多目标规划问题的评价函数方法,分析获得了各通道最优的滤光片参数.结果表明,当固态水、液态水和水汽通道窄带滤光片中心波长和带宽分别为397.9 nm （3.1 nm）,403 nm （5 nm）和407.6 nm （0.6 nm）时,可获得各通道间最低的光谱重叠度值和最佳探测信噪比,从而实现了三相态水同步探测拉曼分光系统的优化设计.进一步的仿真结果表明,当激光雷达探测效率因子为1800 J·mm·min时,在有云条件下系统可获得白天3.6 km以上和晴天条件下4 km以上的三相态水有效探测,保证了利用拉曼激光雷达实现对三相态水的同步高信噪比探测,为后续大气三相态水的拉曼激光雷达同步探测和反演提供了技术和理论支持.