阈值附近撕裂模的非线性行为

电阻率型m≥2的撕裂模在线性不稳定性阈值附近的非线性演化方程可以表示为 ?-Q²A+K²/2A²à-Q²(δ△_1e)/(△_1e)A³=0。这里A为模的幅值,Q为线性增长率,K为模的波矢,△_e为线性模匹配计算中的外区解的对数微分差,δ△_1e为非线性效应对于对数微分差的贡献。本文除在拟线性近似下推导出该方程外,还仔细讨论了该模的非线性行为。在对称电流分布sheet pinch模型的特例下,可以证明δ△_1e=0,不存在新的平衡点。 关键词：     

高阶Adams公式的系数

当k的值不大时(例如k≤4),诸系数γiγi^*,β_kρ,β_kρ^*易于手工计算。但对大的k值(例如k≥5),手工计算已非易事。利用著名的计算机代数软件:REDUCE^[a],我们可以很容易地计算出诸系数γi,γi^*,β_kρ,β_kρ^*。     

拍波激光加速器中的频率匹配

本文从广义协变的运动方程和麦克斯韦方程出发,导出了电子等离子体波各量的解析表达式。指出△ω=2ω_p的等离子体波是完全简谐的。完全共振的条件由△ω=2ω_(p0)[1+(e²(A₂⁽⁽¹⁾²⁾+(A₂^((2)2))/(2m²c⁴)+(3e²A₂⁽¹⁾A₂⁽²⁾)/(m²c⁴)]^-1/2 给出。 关键词：     

双星放射引力辐射的阻尼力

本文计算了双星的辐射阻尼。按照广义相对论,在广义坐标变换下,星体的运动方程中出现的力是与坐标的选择有关的。不同坐标条件将原则上导致不同的阻尼力。现在人们已经成功地观察到双星辐射阻尼效应。这表明应该找出一个物理的坐标系。在这个坐标系中算出的阻尼力等于观察到的值。我们提出下面物理条件代替通常的坐标条件。这个条件就是不存在时间方向和纵向极化的引力波。这个条件在所要求的近似下决定了我们认为是物理的坐标系。在这个坐标系中得出双星公转周期p的变化为P=-6.5×10^-12(m₁m₂)/M_⊙²((m₁+m₂)/m_⊙)^-1/3。 关键词：     

标定正交晶系粉末照相指数的计算方法及计算程序

本文讨论了标定正交晶系粉末照相指数的计算方法与计算程序。任何一条衍射线(h_i,k_i,l_i)在A-B-C空间可用一平面方程式h_i²A+k_i²B+l_i²C=sin²θ_i来表示。每三个联立方程式的共解代表三个平面在空间的交点。如这一交点能通过一等原子曲面ABC=(ρλ关键词：     

Au1-xNix合金(x=0.30-0.42)低温电阻率极小值的机理探讨

为了解释Au_1-xNi_x合金(x=0.30—0.42)低温出现电阻率极小值的实验结果,本文提出一个低浓度自旋集团顺磁态合金的模型,得到自旋集团孤立近似下和自旋集团耦合作用下的电阻率公式,并和晶格散射的贡献(由Au₈₀Ni₂₀合金或Au-Cu合金的ρ_i(T)实验数据代替)联合起来,得到ρ(T)的计算曲线,和实验结果符合得很好。当Tmin,电阻率随温度增高而下降,主要是自旋集团孤立近似下的Kondo效应引起的。自旋集团之间的RKKY耦合作用对电阻率的贡献在低温时大,随着温度增高按1/T规律迅速减小,所以ρ(T)-ρ_i(T)实验值在相当宽温度范围出现logT关系。随着温度增高,晶格散射对电阻率的贡献将变得重要,当T=T_min,电阻率出现极小值。 关键词：     

温度对垂直布洛赫线链解体临界面内磁场区间的影响

实验研究了温度对液相外延石榴石磁泡薄膜中条状普通硬磁畴壁内的垂直布洛赫线（ＶＢＬ）链解体临界面内磁场区间的影响。发现存在一对特征温度T⁽¹⁾₀ 和 T⁽²⁾₀（前者比后者略低但均高于室温），在从室温到T⁽²⁾₀的每个温度Ｔ下，使ＶＢＬ逐渐消失的面内磁场Ｈ_ip都分布于一个与Ｔ有关的区间[H_ip⁽¹⁾(T), H_ip⁽²⁾(T)]内，称为临界面内磁场区间：H_ip^{＜H_ip(1)(T)时，ＶＢＬ链保持不变;H_ip(1)(T)< H_ip < H_ip(2)(T)时，随着Ｈ_ip的增加，越来越多的ＶＢＬ消失;H_ip > H_ip(2)(T)时，所有ＶＢＬ都消失。H_ip(1)(T),H_ip(2)(T)及H_ip(2)(T)-H_ip(1)(T)均随Ｔ的升高而下降，前二者分别于T(1)₀ 和 T(2)₀降为零。比值H_ip(2)(T)/H_ip(1)(T)随Ｔ的升高而升高，在低温段（包括室温）升高缓慢且约为21/2,在T(1)₀附近急剧升高且至T(1)₀时趋于∞。对以上结果做了理论分析。 关键词：}     

高β等离子体的离子-离子束不稳定性

在β_i《1的条件下,人们曾得到电磁效应可以稳定离子-离子束不稳定性的判据V_d/V_A<(1+β_e)^1/2。本文研究了等离子体的有限β_E、β₁效应对离子-离子束不稳定性的影响,在所研究的参数范围内,随着β_e的增加,增长率上升,并且流速比V_d/V_A所允许的不稳定区域变宽,而随着β_i的增加,依赖于流速比V_d/V_A的不同,增长率的变化也有所不同,但流速比V_d/V_A所允许的不稳定区域变窄。 关键词：     

关于一级近似Tc级数解的收敛问题

本文通过一个实例说明:μ^*=0时,一级近似T_c级数解的收敛半径既不是由z_ph=-∫₀^(ω_ph)dωg(ω)dω·ω²/(ω_ph²-ω²),也不是由z_ph=∫₀^(ω_ph)dωg(ω)dω·ω^{2< 关键词：}     

两个共线Kerr黑洞度规迭加的时空结构

本文利用虚坐标方法研究了两个共线Kerr黑洞迭加的时空结构;首次得到了这种情况下视界以内的时空区域,并给出了2z₀>(M₁²-a₁²)^1/2+(M₂²-a₂²)^1/2时内外无限红移面和奇点随z₀变化的情况。由此我们可以看到,对于角动量平行及反平行的两个共线的全同Kerr解来说,当z₀→(M²-a²)^1/2时,尽管它们视界以外的时空结构分别趋于一个Kerr时空及一个Schwarzschild-NUT时空,但就整个时空结构而言,并非如此。同时,我们还可看到,当2z₀>(M₁²-a₁²)^1/2+(M₂²-a₂²)^1/2时,Einstoin场方程存在无裸奇点(而不是没有奇点)的解。 关键词：     

Single and double spin asymmetries in the elastic <Emphasis Type="Italic">e</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis> scattering and their dependence on the deuteron wave function

Single and double spin asymmetries in the elastic electron-deuteron (e-d ) scattering were investigated. The tensor-deuteron asymmetries T_2i(i = 0, 1, 2) and the beam-vector-deuteron asymmetries T ^e _1i(i = 0, 1) were calculated and compared with the available experimental data. The sensitivity of the results for these spin asymmetries to the deuteron wave function has been investigated. The predicted asymmetries were found to be agree with one another and with experiment. It was found that, the double spin asymmetry T ^e ₁₀ is much smaller than the T ^e ₁₁-asymmetry. Therefore, in addition to the single tensor-deuteron asymmetry T₂₀, the doubly beam-vector-deuteron asymmetry T ^e ₁₁ can be used as an another tool for extracting the deuteron electromagnetic form factors.     

Magnetotransport of the low-carrier density one-dimensional S=1/2 antiferromagnet Yb4As3

The transport properties of the semimetallic quasi-one-dimensional S=1/2 antiferromagnet Yb₄As₃ have been studied by performing low-temperature (T≥0.02 K) and high magneticfield (B≤60 T) measurements of the electrical resistivity ρ(T, B). For T ≿ 2 K a ‘heavy-fermion’-like behavior Δρ(T)=AT ² with huge and nearly field-independent coefficient A ≈ 3 μΩ cm/K² is observed, whereas at lower temperatures ρ(T) deviates from this behavior and slightly increases to the lowest T. In B>0 and T ≾ 6 K the resistivity shows an anomalous magnetic-history dependence together with an unusual relaxation behavior. In the isothermal resistivity Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations, arising from a low-density system of mobile As-4p holes, with a frequency of 25 T have been recorded. From the T- and B-dependence of the SdH oscillations an effective carrier mass of (0.275±0.005)m ₀ and a charge-carrier mean-free path of 215 ? are determined. Furthermore, in B≥15 T, the system is near the quantum limit and spin-splitting effects are observed.     

Constraints on the central density and chemical composition of the white dwarf RX J0648.0-4418 with a record period of rotation in a model with the equation of state of an ideal degenerate electron gas

A system of equations and inequalities that allows one to determine the constraints on central density ρ _c and the chemical composition, which is governed by parameter μ _e , of the white dwarf RX J0648.0- 4418 with a record short period of rotation T = 13.18s and mass m = (1.28 ± 0.05)m⊙, has been derived. The analysis of numerical solutions of this system reveal a complex dependence of μ _e on ρ _c . The intervals of variation of μ _e and ρ _c are as follows: 1.09 ≤ μ _e ≤ 1.21 and 9.04 ≤ μ _e /ρ₀ ≤ 10³ (ρ₀ = 0.98 × 10⁶ g/cm³). This range of μ _e values suggests that the white dwarf RX J0648.0-4418 is not made of pure hydrogen and should contain 9–21% of heavy elements. Calculations have been performed with the equation of state of an ideal degenerate electron gas. Approximate analytic expressions (with an accuracy of 10^-3) for the minimum period T _min and mass m of the white dwarf are obtained. It is demonstrated that the white-dwarf mass is almost doubled (compared to the case of no rotation at a fixed central density) as period T approaches T _min.     

Study of some co-precipitated manganite perovskite samples-doped iron

Polycrystalline La_0.70Sr_0.30Mn_1−yFe_yO₃ (0.05?y?0.07) samples are prepared by the co-precipitation method and have been studied. The substitution of Mn³⁺ by Fe³⁺ reduces the number of available hopping sites for the Mn e_g(↑) electron and suppresses the double exchange (DE), resulting in the reduction of the metal–semiconductor transition temperature (T_P) and the flux density saturation (B_s). Low-temperature resistivity (ρ) data (below T_P) well fit with the relation ρ(T)=ρ₀+ρ₂T², indicating the importance of grain/domain boundary effects and electron–electron scattering processes in the conduction of these materials. On the other hand, at high temperature (T_P<T<θ_D/2) conductivity data satisfy the variable range hopping (VRH) model. For T>θ_D/2 the small polaron hopping model is more appropriate than the VRH model.     

电子回旋共振等离子体特性及其对生长氮化镓晶膜的影响

为了解并优化在电子回旋共振等离子体辅助化学汽相沉积GaN晶膜的工艺研究中的等离子体特性,利用朗缪尔探针及法拉第筒系统地测量了离子密度(N_i)、等离子体势(V_p)、电子温度(T_e)及离子流强(J_i)等多个等离子体参量随微波功率(P_w)及沉膜室气压(p)变化的关系.给出了在P_w＝850W,p＝0.22Pa时,上述等离子体参量的轴向及径向分布.GaN晶膜的生长速率、电学及晶体学性能 关键词：     

高β等离子体中低混杂漂移不稳定性

本文对高β等离子体中槽纹模低杂漂移不稳定性从迴旋动力论出发作了较系统的研究,考虑了密度梯度、电子的温度梯度以及磁场梯度漂移的共振效应,解析结果与数值计算取得了完全一致的结论。发现,当温度梯度方向与密度梯度方向相反时,与温度梯度有关的电子的磁漂移共振起不稳定作用,使模的增长率比温度均匀时明显增大;而当方向相同时,温度梯度效应加强电子磁漂移共振的稳定作用,减少模的增长率。在两种情形中随着β值的增大,模的增长率都会减小,而且最大增长率向长波方向移动。电子温度各向异性对模的性质没有影响。 关键词：     

随机磁场中的双极电场与双极扩散

等离子体中存在随机场输运时,必然会导致双极电场。本文给出了存在电场时,粒子在随机场中的转移几率,由此可计算输运流、双极电场等。算出的双极电场与碰撞的关系是不灵敏的((|e|E)/T_e=-A1/n_e(dn_e)/(dx),A与碰撞有关,但A～1)。并指出,此双极电场可作为判断随机场是否重要的必要条件(但非充分条件)。在随机场双极扩散中,杂质流速大于氢离子流速(V_I/V_i≈(m_i/     

Hydrostatic pressure effect on commensurate—incommensurate transition in K2SeO4-Elastic anomalies studied by Brillouin scattering

A Brillouin scattering study of the commensurate—incommensurate transition in K₂SeO₄ submitted to a hydrostatic pressure was performed. It was found that an increasing pressure lowers the transition temperature (dT_i/dP_i = ?59 K/GPa). The strong anomalies of velocity and damping of the longitudinal acoustic wave propagating along [0 0 1] are weakly affected when pressure acts. The effect of pressure on these anomalies has been calculated on the basis of the lowest order couplings eQ² and e²Q² between strain e and order parameter Q.     

Kondo anomalies of heat conductivity and Lorenz ratio in normal state (La,Ce) Al2

The thermal conductivity of LaAl₂ and of two dilute (La, Ce)Al₂ alloys was measured in the normal state between 0.4 and 8 K. From the lattice conductivity of LaAl₂ a high dislocation densityN _d caused by the arc melting process can be inferred. After annealingN _d is reduced by an order of magnitude. For the (La, Ce)Al₂ samples minima are observed at 5 K in theW ^e ·T vs.T curves (W ^e =electronic thermal resistivity). Below 1 K the quantityW ^e ·T is linear in (— lnT). The electronic Lorenz ratioL ^e (T)=ρ(T)/W ^e (T) ·T shows a maximum at 2 K with a value 23% aboveL ^e (0). It is for the first time that this Kondo anomaly is established in its full temperature dependence.     

Electron‐Ion Relaxation,Phase Transitions,and Surface Nano‐Structuring Produced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses in Metals

Fundamental physical phenomena in metals irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses with absorbed fluences higher than few tens of mJ/cm² are investigated. For those fluences, laser‐produced electron distribution function relaxes to equilibrium Fermi distribution with electron temperature T_e within a short time of 10‐100 fs. Because the electron subsystem has T_e highly exceeding much the ion subsystem temperature T_i the well‐known twotemperature hydrodynamic model (2T‐HD) is used to evaluate heat propagation associated with hot conductive electron diffusion and electron‐ion energy exchange. The model coefficients of electron heat conductivity κ (?, T_e, T_i) and electron‐ion coupling parameter α (?, T_e) together with 2T equation of state E (?, T_e, T_i) and P (?, T_e, T_i) are calculated. Modeling with 2T‐HD code shows transition of electron heat wave from supersonic to subsonic regime of prop‐agation. At the moment of transition the heat wave emits a compression wave moving into the bulk of met al. Nonlinear evolution of the compression wave after its separation from the subsonic heat wave till spallation of rear‐side layer of a film is traced in both 2T‐HD modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. For fluences above some threshold the nucleation of voids in frontal surface layer is initiated by strong tensile wave following the compression wave. If the absorbed fluence is ～30 % above the ablation threshold than void nucleation develops quickly to heavily foam the molten met al. Long‐term evolution of the metal foam including foam breaking and freezing is simulated. It is shown that surface nano‐structures observed in experiments are produced by very fast cooling of surface molten layer followed by recrystallization of supercooled liquid in disintegrating foam having complex geometry. Characteristic lengths of such surface nanostructures, including frozen pikes and bubbles, are of the order of thickness of molten layer formed right after laser irradiation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)