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由脉冲波形与传播损失反演海底声速与衰减系数 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
根据黄海中部一次浅海声学实验获得的脉冲波形和传播损失数据进行海底声速和衰减系数的反演。本文在反演过程中:(1)考虑了海水深度的测量误差对反演结果的影响,并提出了一种消除该影响的方法。(2)反演得到的该海区海底衰减与频率呈非线性关系。(3)本文讨论了非均匀海底模型对海底反演结果的影响。 相似文献
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利用时域波形快速反演海底单参数的方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
海底单参数反演由于反演维数少, 较之多维反演具有实施简单快捷的优点. 首先定义小掠射角下反射损失随掠射角变化率FdB为单个参数描述海底性质, 构建单参数反演模型; 其次, 从简正波与射线理论出发, 对时域脉冲波形与海底反射性质之间的关系进行了推导, 并讨论衰减机制; 最后, 基于该关系设计出利用最小二乘法对时域波形进行反演的方法. 对北黄海实验数据进行了实际反演, 通过海底采样验证反演结果对海底性质估计的正确性, 同时基于反演结果的传播损失预报值与实测值符合良好. 该方法实施仅需要单个水听器, 待测物理量少, 所获结果较为可靠, 且能满足大多数应用的需要.关键词:单参数地声反演浅海海底反射损失 相似文献
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设计了一个适用于端到端语音增强的改进的U-Net (Attention Dilated Convolution U-Net,ADC-U-Net)网络模型。与基线U-Net网络相比,一方面通过加入空洞卷积减小由采样带来的信息损失;另一方面引入了注意力机制结构,结合了含噪语音更多的上下文信息,提取更深层次和更丰富的特征信息。与传统语音增强方法相比,所提模型无需提取特征、对特征去噪、重构语音3个步骤,避免了对显性特征的依赖,转而由网络模型通过多层次多尺度学习获得隐性特征。用多个主客观指标对增强语音的质量和可懂度进行了评价。实验数据显示所提算法在噪声抑制能力和对噪声的适应度方面均表现出良好的性能,与基线U-Net网络及其它模型相比,展示了良好的语音质量和可懂度。 相似文献
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在波形网络中融合相位信息的骨导语音增强 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
已有骨导语音增强算法重点关注语音幅度谱增强,在波形合成时会因为相位不匹配导致语音质量下降。为解决该问题,提出了一种融合相位信息的波形网络(WaveNet)模型实现骨导语音增强波形生成。该方法以频带扩展WaveNet为基础,融合骨导语音相位谱信息与增强的语音幅度谱作为模型的条件特征,根据融合特征生成增强语音波形,实现了相位信息的有效利用。仿真实验综合对比了群时延谱和瞬时频率偏差谱相位特征,主客观结果表明,不论是采用串联融合还是卷积融合方式,骨导语音相位信息均有效补充了原有幅度谱条件特征,改善了语音增强效果。利用串联方式融合群时延谱特征可得到最佳结果,相比于原始骨导语音,平均意见得分(MOS)提升了约54.3%。 相似文献
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提出了一种使用自适应增强学习的深层卷积神经网络方法对水声目标线谱进行提取。该方法利用构造的多尺度ConvNeXt算子建立滑动窗深层卷积神经网络模型(SwDCNN), 设计涵盖损失函数、学习率更新和模型迭代优化的自适应增强学习准则并用于模型训练。仿真和海试数据验证结果表明, 所提方法有以下优点: (1) 卷积算子和模型结构参数按线谱提取需求配置, 可以增强LOFAR谱图特征高性能多分辨力挖掘能力; (2) 大规模数据下的模型训练可实现渐进式精确拟合, 有助于提升模型收敛效果; (3) 模型可有效提取低信噪比、中断、弯曲漂移、粗细不均、邻近成簇、密集分布等复杂情况下的线谱, 在查全率、查准率、虚警率、线谱位置精度(LLA)和线谱幅值精度(LAA)等指标上均优于文中其他深度神经网络方法; (4) 和传统及其他文中所用的深度神经网络方法相比, 线谱最小可检测信噪比分别降低超过5 dB和2 dB, 实际复杂场景线谱提取能力更强, 综合效果更好。 相似文献
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介绍了针对环形阵列超声断层扫描的高分辨率全波形反演成像方法,不同于传统的延时叠加和渡越时间断层扫描,该方法充分考虑声传播的透射、反射、散射等特点,通过数据匹配的方法重构目标体声学参数图像。开发了环形超声换能器阵列构建超声断层扫描成像系统,并设计了适合检验成像算法的数值和物理模型,分别使用基于射线理论的回波延时叠加和初至波渡越时间断层扫描、以及基于波动理论的全波形反演方法对目标体进行图像重建,并对比其原理、分辨率、计算量等方面的特点,系统性分析了波动方法相对传统射线方法的优点和不足。结果表明,全波形反演这类充分考虑接收信号多种物理特征的方法可用于较高分辨率的声参数成像,适合与传统方法结合设计有效的超声断层扫描成像系统。 相似文献
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超声背散射法评价松质骨状况及诊断骨质疏松症是近年来医学超声领域内的研究热点之一,现已取得了显著的进展。本文将介绍近年来超声背散射法及其参量评价松质骨状况的研究进展,并分析超声背散射相关参量频谱质心偏移量(SCS)和平均骨小梁间距(TbSp)与骨矿密度(BMD)的相关性。研究结果表明,超声背散射参量与BMD有较高的相关性。最后提出了将来研究中需要努力的方向。 相似文献
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Aging mice with a rare osteopetrotic disorder in which the entire space of femoral bones are filled with trabecular bones are used as our research platform. A complete study is conducted with a micro computed tomography (CT) system to characterize the bone abnormality. Technical assessment of femoral bones includes geometric structure, biomechanical strength, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC). Normal aging mice of similar ages are included for comparisons. In our imaging work, we model the trabecular bone as a cylindrical rod and new quantitative which are not previously discussed are developed for advanced analysis, including trabecular segment length, trabecular segment radius, connecting node number, and distribution of trabecular segment radius. We then identified a geometric characteristic in which there are local maximums (0.0049, 0.0119, and 0.0147 mm) in the structure of trabecular segment radius. Our calculations show 343% higher in percent trabecular bone volume at distal-metaphysis; 38% higher in cortical thickness at mid-diaphysis; 11% higher in cortical cross-sectional moment of inertia at mid-diaphysis; 42% higher in cortical thickness at femur neck; 26% higher in cortical cross-sectional moment of inertia at femur neck; 31% and 395% higher in trabecular BMD and BMC at distal-metaphysis; 17% and 27% higher in cortical BMD and BMC at distal-metaphysis; 9% and 53% higher in cortical BMD and BMC at mid-diaphysis; 25% and 64% higher in cortical BMD and BMC at femur neck. Our new quantitative parameters and findings may be extended to evaluate the treatment response for other similar bone disorders. 相似文献
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Trabecular bone volume fraction (TBVF) and speed of sound (SOS) were measured for the right calcanei of 416 female volunteers. The TBVF was measured with a compact MRI developed in our laboratory. The SOS was measured with a commercial quantitative ultrasound system. It was observed that the correlation coefficient between TBVF and SOS and that between TBVF and age varied depending on the location of region of interest (ROI) in the calcaneus. As a result, an optimum circular ROI with a diameter of 20 mm was determined so that the correlation coefficients were maximized. In the optimum ROI, transverse relaxation time (T2) of the bone marrow protons of the calcaneus was found to be concentrated in a narrow range over the subjects. This result suggested that a 50% scan time reduction in the TBVF measurements could be made by skipping the T2 correction procedure. 相似文献
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Yu-Bing Li 《中国物理 B》2023,32(1):14303-014303
High-resolution images of human brain are critical for monitoring the neurological conditions in a portable and safe manner. Sound speed mapping of brain tissues provides unique information for such a purpose. In addition, it is particularly important for building digital human acoustic models, which form a reference for future ultrasound research. Conventional ultrasound modalities can hardly image the human brain at high spatial resolution inside the skull due to the strong impedance contrast between hard tissue and soft tissue. We carry out numerical experiments to demonstrate that the time-domain waveform inversion technique, originating from the geophysics community, is promising to deliver quantitative images of human brains within the skull at a sub-millimeter level by using ultra-sound signals. The successful implementation of such an approach to brain imaging requires the following items: signals of sub-megahertz frequencies transmitting across the inside of skull, an accurate numerical wave equation solver simulating the wave propagation, and well-designed inversion schemes to reconstruct the physical parameters of targeted model based on the optimization theory. Here we propose an innovative modality of multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion that improves ultrasound imaging resolution, by evaluating the similarity between synthetic data and observed data through using limited length Wiener filter. We implement the proposed approach to iteratively update the parametric models of the human brain. The quantitative imaging method paves the way for building the accurate acoustic brain model to diagnose associated diseases, in a potentially more portable, more dynamic and safer way than magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography. 相似文献
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针对高压物质密度诊断的激光X射线照相优化设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
激光驱动冲击波能提供高压的物质状态, 是状态方程研究的重要工具. 超短超强激光与固体靶相互作用产生的X射线源, 具有短脉冲、微焦点、高产额、能量可调的特点, 是高压物质密度测量的首选背光源. 本文基于蒙特卡罗程序Geant4建立了X射线照相模型, 客体密度分布由流体力学程序Multi-1D模拟激光冲击加载高压物质获得. 在一维长方体形密度客体情况下, 定义了均方根、峰值偏差与上升沿斜率比三种指标, 对照相图像求解的密度结果进行评价, 开展了照相结果信噪比、分辨率与对比度等参数优化. 并开展了一维圆柱形密度客体的照相模拟, 建立了基于Radon逆变换法的Abel反演算法. 反演结果与模拟设计密度分布符合良好, 要求X射线源半径在5 μm以内; 反演结果与模拟设计密度分布较为一致, 要求X射线源半径在15 μm以内. 相似文献
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研究了基于全波反演(FWI)的骨骼超声层析成像方法, 用于动态监测骨质疏松性微结构退化的进程。采用雌性小鼠注射药物建立骨质疏松症模型, 在第0, 2, 4, 6周通过Micro-CT扫描活体小鼠, 重建获得小鼠股骨骨骼结构。以第0周骨骼结构为基准输入模型, 通过不同的超声收发模式(透射、反射及透射−反射双模式), 仿真分析了FWI监测不同骨质疏松进程的骨微结构退化的效果。结果表明, 初始模型为均匀介质(纯水)时, FWI反演失效, 不能准确重建骨骼结构。初始模型中考虑了基准骨骼结构(第0周)时, FWI能准确反演骨骼组织声速(均方根误差(RMSE) < 17 m/s, 平均相对误差(MRE) < 7.2%), 精确重建骨骼结构(结构相关系数(CC) > 0.85)), 因此可以准确监测不同骨质疏松进程(第2, 4, 6周)的骨微结构退化情况。对比不同超声收发模式, 透射−反射双模式FWI监测骨微结构退化的性能优于单一透射或反射FWI监测方法。考虑了基准骨骼模型的FWI可用于动态监测骨微结构退化, 对评估骨质疏松进展具有一定意义。 相似文献
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19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-echoes and free induction decays (FIDs) have been observed from samples of fluoridated trabecular canine bone powder, with fluoride concentrations ([F]) ranging from approximately 10 to 33 mg F/g Ca. Curve fitting of echo envelopes and FIDs was performed using a two-component model function, where one of the components incorporates the effects of one-dimensional dipolar coupling. This function provides a good match for both echo envelopes and FIDs. Estimates of the total second moment and its homonuclear (F–F coupling) component were obtained from the fitting procedure. Based on the second moment measurements, it is argued that 19F spins in bone mineral typically experience weaker heteronuclear dipolar coupling than those in the mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP), which is often considered to be a prototype for bone mineral. 相似文献